PURPOSE: This study determined which obesity measurement correlates the best with diabetes and prediabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 1603 subjects (611 men, 992 women; age 30-64 years) at the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, waist-hip ratio, waist-thigh ratio, and visceral fat were used as measures of obesity. Visceral fat was acquired using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The prevalences of diabetes and prediabetes were defined using the criteria in the American Diabetes Association 2015 guidelines. RESULTS: After adjusting for age and other potential confounding factors, participants with a visceral fat mass in the upper 10th percentile had a higher odds ratio (OR) for diabetes and prediabetes than the upper 10th percentile of other adiposity indices [men, OR=15.9, 95% confidence interval (CI)=6.4-39.2; women, OR=6.9, 95% CI=3.5-13.7]. Visceral fat mass also had the highest area under the curve with diabetes and prediabetes in both men (0.69, 95% CI=0.64-0.73) and women (0.70, 95% CI=0.67-0.74) compared to other anthropometric measurements of obesity. CONCLUSION: Visceral fat mass measured using DXA is an indicator of diabetes or prediabetes, due to its ability to differentiate between abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; *Adiposity ; Adult ; Anthropometry ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*statistics & numerical data ; Biomarkers/blood ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/*ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; *Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications/*ethnology ; Odds Ratio ; Prediabetic State/*ethnology ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Waist Circumference

In our recently published article, there were some missing contents in the Acknowledgments section, which should be properly added as follows.

No abstract available.
Calcium/*analysis ; Coronary Artery Disease/*epidemiology ; Coronary Vessels/*chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*epidemiology ; Vascular Calcification/*epidemiology

Diabetes is a serious public health concern that significantly contributes to the global burden of disease. In Korea, the prevalence of diabetes is 12.5% among individuals aged 19 and older, and 14.8% among individuals aged 30 and older as of 2022. The total number of people with diabetes among those aged 19 and older is estimated to be 5.4 million. The incidence of diabetes decreased from 8.1 per 1,000 persons in 2006 to 6.3 per 1,000 persons in 2014, before rising again to 7.5 per 1,000 persons in 2019. Meanwhile, the incidence of type 1 diabetes increased significantly, from 1.1 per 100,000 persons in 1995 to 4.8 per 100,000 persons in 2016, with the prevalence reaching 41.0 per 100,000 persons in 2017. Additionally, the prevalence of gestational diabetes saw a substantial rise from 4.1% in 2007 to 22.3% in 2023. These changes have resulted in increases in the total medical costs for diabetes, covering both outpatient and inpatient services. Therefore, effective diabetes prevention strategies are urgently needed.

Diabetes is a serious public health concern that significantly contributes to the global burden of disease. In Korea, the prevalence of diabetes is 12.5% among individuals aged 19 and older, and 14.8% among individuals aged 30 and older as of 2022. The total number of people with diabetes among those aged 19 and older is estimated to be 5.4 million. The incidence of diabetes decreased from 8.1 per 1,000 persons in 2006 to 6.3 per 1,000 persons in 2014, before rising again to 7.5 per 1,000 persons in 2019. Meanwhile, the incidence of type 1 diabetes increased significantly, from 1.1 per 100,000 persons in 1995 to 4.8 per 100,000 persons in 2016, with the prevalence reaching 41.0 per 100,000 persons in 2017. Additionally, the prevalence of gestational diabetes saw a substantial rise from 4.1% in 2007 to 22.3% in 2023. These changes have resulted in increases in the total medical costs for diabetes, covering both outpatient and inpatient services. Therefore, effective diabetes prevention strategies are urgently needed.

Diabetes is a serious public health concern that significantly contributes to the global burden of disease. In Korea, the prevalence of diabetes is 12.5% among individuals aged 19 and older, and 14.8% among individuals aged 30 and older as of 2022. The total number of people with diabetes among those aged 19 and older is estimated to be 5.4 million. The incidence of diabetes decreased from 8.1 per 1,000 persons in 2006 to 6.3 per 1,000 persons in 2014, before rising again to 7.5 per 1,000 persons in 2019. Meanwhile, the incidence of type 1 diabetes increased significantly, from 1.1 per 100,000 persons in 1995 to 4.8 per 100,000 persons in 2016, with the prevalence reaching 41.0 per 100,000 persons in 2017. Additionally, the prevalence of gestational diabetes saw a substantial rise from 4.1% in 2007 to 22.3% in 2023. These changes have resulted in increases in the total medical costs for diabetes, covering both outpatient and inpatient services. Therefore, effective diabetes prevention strategies are urgently needed.

Diabetes is a serious public health concern that significantly contributes to the global burden of disease. In Korea, the prevalence of diabetes is 12.5% among individuals aged 19 and older, and 14.8% among individuals aged 30 and older as of 2022. The total number of people with diabetes among those aged 19 and older is estimated to be 5.4 million. The incidence of diabetes decreased from 8.1 per 1,000 persons in 2006 to 6.3 per 1,000 persons in 2014, before rising again to 7.5 per 1,000 persons in 2019. Meanwhile, the incidence of type 1 diabetes increased significantly, from 1.1 per 100,000 persons in 1995 to 4.8 per 100,000 persons in 2016, with the prevalence reaching 41.0 per 100,000 persons in 2017. Additionally, the prevalence of gestational diabetes saw a substantial rise from 4.1% in 2007 to 22.3% in 2023. These changes have resulted in increases in the total medical costs for diabetes, covering both outpatient and inpatient services. Therefore, effective diabetes prevention strategies are urgently needed.

Thirty-two dacryocystorhinostomies were performed in the chronic dacryocystitis and obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct between 1971 and 1976. A routine dacryocystography was performed prior to operation in all cases. A modified Toti's method was applied as a surgical technique; vaseline gauze was used as a plugging agent and both posterior flaps of sac ans nasal mucous membrane was not sutured because of technical difficuty and for prevention of granulation tissue due to suture materials Ranging in age from 22 to 66 years of age; 3 were men and 29 were women. Success was achieved in 29 of 32 cases initially. One of three initial failured cases, which was due to formation of obstructing granulation tissue by suture materials in posterior flap, was turn into succes by secondary operation. We attempted to make this method in 3 cases of shrunken sac: Two were failed. In these cases, if vaseline gauze should removed after more than 10 days, it will be possible to expansion of shrunken sac and to obtained successful result. We also attempted to make this method in 3 cases of macerted sac, and gained successful result. In such a case, it is possible by suturing of anterior flaps of sac and nasal mucous mem brane only. In conclusion, this operation is simple to do and within the range of any ophthalmic surgeon. It is possible in case of macerated sac and shrunken sac.
Dacryocystitis ; Dacryocystorhinostomy* ; Female ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Petrolatum ; Sutures

Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of mortality and increased disability-adjusted life years worldwide. In Korea, the prevalence of diabetes increased from 8.6% to 11.0% in 2001 to 2013 and the prevalence of adult obesity, which is the most important risk factor of diabetes, increased from 29.2% to 31.8% during the same period. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of obese Koreans with diabetes in recent decades and the prevalence of diabetes in people aged 40 years and older also increased in 2001 to 2013. Nevertheless, the mean age at the first diagnosis of diabetes was very similar for men in 2005 and 2013, while the mean age for women decreased slightly. There is an inverse linear relationship between body mass index and age at the diagnosis of diabetes among those who are newly diagnosed. Accordingly, the prevalence of diabetes is increasingly shifting to younger individuals and those who are obese. Therefore, public efforts should focus on healthy lifestyle changes, primary prevention measures, screening for the early detection of diabetes, and long-term management.
Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the association between mercury exposure and obesity. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between blood mercury concentrations and indices of obesity in adults. METHODS: A total of 200 healthy subjects, aged 30 to 64 years, who had no history of cardiovascular or malignant disease, were examined. Anthropometric and various biochemical profiles were measured. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS: All subjects were divided into three groups according to blood mercury concentrations. Compared with the subjects in the lowest tertile of mercury, those in the highest tertile were more likely to be male; were current alcohol drinkers and smokers; had a higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and VAT; had higher levels of blood pressure, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance; and consumed more fish. The blood mercury concentration was significantly associated with anthropometric parameters, showing relationships with BMI, WC, and VAT. After adjusting for multiple risk factors, the odds ratios (ORs) for high mercury concentration was significantly higher in the highest VAT tertile than in the lowest VAT tertile (OR, 2.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 6.62; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The blood mercury concentration was significantly associated with VAT in healthy adults. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adiposity* ; Adult* ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Male ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference