The purpose of this study was to compare the skin changes in female SKH-1 hairless mice between UVB irradiated photo-aged group and endogenous aged group. The UVB irradiation and endogenous aged groups showed poor skin conditions when compared with normal (N) group in terms of the skin erythema, water content and TEWL (transepidermal water loss). For the changes in gross observation and replica image analysis on wrinkle of the skin tissue, UVB irradiation group showed thicker, wider and deeper wrinkles than the changes seen in N group, whereas endogenous aged group showed thinner, narrower and shallower wrinkles than that of UVB irradiation group. In histopathological findings, UVB irradiation group and endogenous aged group showed thickened epidermis, increased dermal inflammatory cells, decreased collagen and elastic fiber content, increased number of degranulated dermal/subcutaneous mast cells, and lower expression quantity of TGF-beta in dermal layer when compared with N group, but to a lesser extent in aged group than the changes in UVB irradiation group. UVB irradiation group and endogenous aged group showed significantly higher xanthine oxidase activity, lower superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and higher expression of MMP-3 mRNA in skin than N group. Therefore, aspectual comparison of the skin change in hairless mice between photo-aged and endogenous aged groups showed different each other, and these results will be useful for skin aging research.
Aged ; Aging ; Animals ; Catalase ; Collagen ; Elastic Tissue ; Epidermis ; Erythema ; Female ; Humans ; Mast Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin ; Skin Aging ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Xanthine Oxidase

PURPOSE: This study is executed to identify and report the treatment effects of oral mucosa grafting of prosthetic eye patients who have shallow conjunctival socket caused by socket contraction. METHODS: Conjunctival sac reconstruction was performed by using the lower lip mucosa to 11 eyes of 11 patients diagnosed with contracted conjunctival sac at the ophthalmic clinic from August 2009 to May 2015, and a retrospective analysis was performed with medical record data from the patients who were followed-up after surgery. RESULTS: Within the follow-up period, prosthetic eye insertion was possible for all 11 eyes of the 11 patients. All of them were satisfied in an aesthetic aspect, and were able to maintain deep conjunctival sac without receving findings of graft absorption, or re-contracted or shallow conjunctival sac during the follow-up period. On the donor region, normal epithelialization occurred. Concerning the donor region for the first week after surgery, the mean score of the patients' pain was 3.18 +/- 0.94 points measured by a numerical rating scale, and no infection, bleeding, contraction, or cicatrix was revealed during the follow-up period. There were hypoesthesia, pararthria, and paresthesia (tingling sense) for post-complications from the donor region, and four patients out of the 11 patients complained of discomfort resulting from post-complications; whereas the remaining seven patients did not complain of discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Oral mucosa can be considered as a good graft for contracted conjunctival sac reconstruction for patients who cannot wear a prosthetic eye.
Absorption ; Cicatrix ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Lip ; Medical Records ; Mouth Mucosa* ; Mucous Membrane ; Paresthesia ; Retrospective Studies ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Compressed Air* ; Explosions* ; Orbit* ; Orbital Cellulitis*

PURPOSE: To evaluate a scoring system based on ultrasonographic findings as a means of distinguishing between benign and malignant solid breast masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histopathologically confirmed benign (n=102) and malignant (n=73) breast masses which ultrasonographic findings of histopathologic masses were reviewed for shape, border, internal echo, boundary echo, posterior echo, lateral echo, and ratio of transverse to anteroposterior diameter. There were statistically significant (p < 0.001 ; chi-square test) differences in each feature for benign and malignant lesions. The findings suggesting benignancy, equivocality, and malignancy of the masses were scored as 0, 1, and 2 respectively. The scores for all features were summed for each lesion. An ROC curve was obtained. RESULTS: When the score was 6, five benign and seven malignant cases were found. Scores of 0 and 1 indicated benign masses and a score above 11, malignancy. The turning point was a score of 6, so a score above 7 suggests malignancy. CONCLUSION: A ultrasonographic scoring system can be used to characterise breast masses. A score of a mass above 7 suggests probable malignancy and a score below 5 suggests benignancy.
Breast* ; ROC Curve ; Ultrasonography*

BACKGROUND: There are various alternative in vitro irritancy tests for substituting animal experiment. However, there is no standardized method or guideline for assessing in vitro cytotoxicity. OBJECTIVES: In order to predict toxicity on human skin, an experimental model was evaluated for the cutaneous cytotoxicity using living skin equivalents(LSE). METHODS: After applying test substances (SLS, various plant extracts) on LSE, morphological examination and MTT reduction assay was done. RESULTS: The results showed that cytotoxicity of SLS using LSE was well correlated with the concentration of SLS. Furthermore, characteristic histologic findings were observed according to the increasing concentrations of test materials. CONCLUSION: These results showed that LSE can be used as an alternative model to replace animal model for cytotoxicity testing.
Animal Experimentation ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Models, Theoretical ; Plants ; Skin*

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of recurrent corneal erosion patients. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 48 patients (53 eyes) diagnosed with recurrent corneal erosion by our ophthalmology department between January 2008 and March 2015. Patient age, gender, lesion location, and cause of disease were analyzed against occurrence of disease. Patients were classified by treatment method into group A, which was treated with eye drops; group B, which was treated with therapeutic contact lenses and eye drops; group C, which was treated with amniotic membrane transplantation; and group D, which was treated with other procedures, and the recurrence rates were compared. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 45.6 ± 14.3 years (19-76 years), with no significant difference in recurrence rates dependent on gender or eye. Patients in their 50s were most affected, excluding refractive surgery patients. The most frequent lesion location was the inferior area of the cornea (58.5%), followed by the central area (30.2%), and the most common cause of disease was trauma, followed by unknown causes, past refractive surgery, and complications from other eye diseases. Group A had 11 eyes (20.8%), while groups B, C, and D had 30 eyes (56.6%), 8 eyes (15.1%) and 4 eyes (7.3%), respectively. The recurrence rates according to treatment method were 27.3% in group A, 23.3% in group B, and 12.5% in group C. The lower recurrence rate in the group treated with amniotic membrane transplantation was not significant compared to that of conservatively treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent corneal erosion mostly affects patients in their 50s, excluding refractive surgery patients, and occurs frequently in the inferior area of the cornea due to mild trauma. Surgical treatment including amniotic membrane transplantation should be considered instead of conservative treatment in order to prevent reoccurrence.
Amnion ; Contact Lenses ; Cornea ; Eye Diseases ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Ophthalmology ; Recurrence ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of recurrent corneal erosion patients. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 48 patients (53 eyes) diagnosed with recurrent corneal erosion by our ophthalmology department between January 2008 and March 2015. Patient age, gender, lesion location, and cause of disease were analyzed against occurrence of disease. Patients were classified by treatment method into group A, which was treated with eye drops; group B, which was treated with therapeutic contact lenses and eye drops; group C, which was treated with amniotic membrane transplantation; and group D, which was treated with other procedures, and the recurrence rates were compared. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 45.6 ± 14.3 years (19-76 years), with no significant difference in recurrence rates dependent on gender or eye. Patients in their 50s were most affected, excluding refractive surgery patients. The most frequent lesion location was the inferior area of the cornea (58.5%), followed by the central area (30.2%), and the most common cause of disease was trauma, followed by unknown causes, past refractive surgery, and complications from other eye diseases. Group A had 11 eyes (20.8%), while groups B, C, and D had 30 eyes (56.6%), 8 eyes (15.1%) and 4 eyes (7.3%), respectively. The recurrence rates according to treatment method were 27.3% in group A, 23.3% in group B, and 12.5% in group C. The lower recurrence rate in the group treated with amniotic membrane transplantation was not significant compared to that of conservatively treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent corneal erosion mostly affects patients in their 50s, excluding refractive surgery patients, and occurs frequently in the inferior area of the cornea due to mild trauma. Surgical treatment including amniotic membrane transplantation should be considered instead of conservative treatment in order to prevent reoccurrence.
Amnion ; Contact Lenses ; Cornea ; Eye Diseases ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Ophthalmology ; Recurrence ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To compare gait parameters of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) during obstacle crossing with those of healthy control subjects. METHOD: Conventional physical examinations and three- dimensional gait analysis were performed on 16 patients of IPD with stage 2~3 of the Hoehn and Yahr disease rating scale, and 11 healthy control subjects during stepping over the obstacle. Temporospatial, kinematic and kinetic parameters of patients were compared with those of the control group. RESULTS: In patients with IPD, walking velocity was slower and stride length were shorter than control group. Decreased post-obstacle distance of the lead limb and increased pre-swing time of the lead and trail limbs were noted in IPD patients compared to control group. Many significant modifications of kinematic and kinetic parameters were detected in IPD patients compared to control group during obstacle crossing. CONCLUSION: Using three-dimensional gait analysis, we could identify specific modifications of gait parameters in IPD patients during obstacle crossing. These modifications may reduce or increase the risk of a falling in IPD patients.
Extremities ; Gait* ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease* ; Physical Examination ; Walking

An 8-month old intact male Turkish Angora cat was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), Seoul National University, for an evaluation of anorexia and severe dyspnea. The thoracic radiographs revealed significant pleural effusion. A cytology evaluation of the pleural fluid strongly suggested a lymphoma containing variable sized lymphocytes with frequent mitotic figures and prominent nucleoli. The feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus tests were negative. The cat was euthanized at his owner's request and a necropsy was performed. A mass was detected on the mediastinum and lung lobes. A histopathology evaluation confirmed the mass to be a lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed the mass to be CD3 positive. In conclusion, the cat was diagnosed as a T-cell mediastinal lymphoma.
Animals ; Cat Diseases/*diagnosis/pathology ; Cats ; Lymphoma/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary ; Male ; Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is important for prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation. Here, we showed that proliferation of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells such as LNCaP was significantly enhanced by testosterone stimulation whereas hormone-insensitive prostate cancer cells such as PC3 and VCaP did not respond to testosterone stimulation. Blocking of AR using bicalutamide abolished testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. In addition, knockdown of AR blocked testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. Basal expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) was elevated in VCaP cells whereas stimulation of testosterone did not affect the expression of LRP6. However, expression of LRP6 in LNCaP cells was increased by testosterone stimulation. In addition, knockdown of LRP6 abrogated testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. Given these results, we suggest that androgen-dependent expression of LRP6 plays a crucial role in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell proliferation.
Cell Proliferation* ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Androgen ; Testosterone