Alterations in the expression of genes that control the cell cycle may be of critical importance in tumorigenesis and malignant transformation. The major regulatory events leading to cell proliferation occur in Gl phase of cell cycle, and the deregulated expression of Gl cyclins is related to oncogenesis. Cyclins Dl and E play important roles in the progression of cell through Gl phase of the cell cycle. Amplification and/or overexpression of the cyclin Dl gene and aberrant expression of cyclin E has been described in various forms of human cancer. However, the role of cyclins Dl and E in cervical cancer has been poorly defined. In this study, we examined the expression of cyclins Dl and E by Northern blot technique and the status of human papil- lomavirus(HPV) type 16 and 18 by polymerase chain reaction in 25 cases of cervical carcinoma to explore the relationship between cyclins Dl and E and cervical cancer. We found cyclin Dl expression showed down-regulated expression in cervical cancer but cyclin E expression was increased in cancer group. Other clinicopathological prognostic factors were not correlated with cyclins D1 and E expression. Further study based on larger numbers of cases with correlation of cyclins D1 and E status and survival data will be needed to elucidate the use of cyclin expressions as prognostic factor.
Blotting, Northern ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin E ; Cyclins* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Snowboarding accidents may cause severe injury due to the advanced skills required of Olympic athletes and the faster speed compared to many other sports. The aim of this study was to describe environmental characteristics of snowboarding injuries and to determine the level of medical support using injury analysis. METHODS: A descriptive epidemiology study was conducted with collection of data from the Federation Internationale de Ski (FIS) Snowboard Competition from January 14 to 24 in 2009. Data from the Competition Operation Committee records, medical records and competition regulations were selected for analysis. RESULTS: In this study, 31/524 competitors reported injuries, predominantly sprains and contusions (21 cases), including eight fractures. Analysis of the physical distribution of these injuries indicated ten injuries of an upper extremity (32%), seven of a lower extremity (23%), six in the head/neck region (19%), and five spinal injuries (16%). The majority (23/31) of these injuries occurred during the snowboard cross (SBX) events. Environmental factors including the course visibility and slope conditions impacted the frequency of injury during the competition. In addition, the arrival times of medical teams were longer for the SBX events (260+/-92 sec) than for the Parallel Giant Slalom (202+/-54 sec) and other snowboarding events (<60 sec). CONCLUSION: The frequency and severity of injuries were highest in the SBX competition. For injury prevention, we recommend increased focus on safety on the SBX course, consideration of weather and other environmental conditions, and a rapid emergency medical support response for injury management.
Athletes ; Contusions ; Emergencies ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Medical Records ; Medical Staff ; Skiing ; Social Control, Formal ; Spinal Injuries ; Sports ; Sprains and Strains ; Upper Extremity ; Weather ; Wounds and Injuries

OBJECTIVES: The management of disaster should be immediate and sustainable. Further, it is hard to predict where the disaster will occur, using pre-exists governmental and non-governmental organizations are important. In this study, we tried to investigate the associated activities of organizations performed in Ansan city, in Sewol ferry accident. METHODS: A total 121 workers in 25 organizations were surveyd about organizations which they worked with, kind of works performed, frequency of meetings, satisfaction in activities and factors associated with dissatisfaction in usual state and in Sewol ferry accident state, respectively. The differences between those two situations were analyzed using paired t-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test or McNemar test for categorical variables. RESULTS: The total number of linkage of institutions were decreased(from n=397 to n=251) and the mean scores of rating satisfaction were significantly lower in most of organizations in disaster state. The rigid policy in performance evaluation was more likely associated with dissatisfaction in disaster state than usual state(p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: For effective linkage of institutions, preparedness, such as understanding the capability of organizations in the communities and developing the protocol for associated activities, is important. The unnecessary and effortful performance evaluation should be sublated.
Disasters* ; Gyeonggi-do*

OBJECTIVE: Distal anterior cerebral artery(DACA) aneurysms are relatively uncommon, and have special aspects. We discuss clinical features and surgical results of DACA aneurysms with review of literatures. METHODS: Among 725 cases of intracranial aneurysms operated from 1989 to 2001 in our hospital, 38 cases of DACA aneurysms were studied retrospectively. The clinical presentations, neurological findings, operative approaches and outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence of the DACA aneurysm was 5.2% of total 725 aneurysms. Multiple aneurysms were found in 10 patients. Among the 38 patients, 15 were men and 23 were women. The mean age was 49.8 years. 2 aneurysms were located at frontobasal artery, 5 at the origin of frontopolar artery, 28 at the bifurcation between callosomarginal and pericallosal artery, 3 at the origin of pericallosal artery. 32 patients had good outcomes after surgery. 4 patients remained disabled, and 2 patients died. Postoperative complications were vasospasm, cerebral infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, pneumonia. CONCLUSION: The incidence of DACA aneurysm was relatively rare than other location. We think that unilateral interhemispheric approach is useful for aneurysm in most DACA, and approaches should be chosen according to the location of aneurysm and presence or absence of multiple aneurysms. The Glasgow Outcome Scale score was good in patient with low Hunt & Hess grade preoperatively. And early operation can reduce the rate of rebleeding and improve outcome of DACA aneurysms.
Aneurysm ; Anterior Cerebral Artery* ; Arteries ; Cerebral Arteries ; Female ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Male ; Pneumonia ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Vasospasm, Intracranial

An inguinal hernia is common in pediatric age. However, an in injury to the bladder during hernia repair is quite rare, which may be related to the lack of awareness of the inguinal canal anatomy or inadequate exposure. Gross hematuria and voiding difficulty after herniorrhaphy may indicate a possible injury. Cystography can define the presence and type of injury. An extraperitoneal bladder injury can be managed safely by catheter drainage, antibiotics, and close clinical observations. An intraperitoneal injury requires surgical exploration and bladder closure. We report a case of a urinary bladder injury that was detected after the completion of herniorrhaphy in an eight-year-old girl.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheters ; Drainage ; Female ; Hematuria ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Herniorrhaphy* ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Urinary Bladder*

BACKGROUND: Several reports have suggested that preoperative nociceptive block with opioids and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce postoperative pain. This study evaluated the effects of preemptive analgesia, the analgesic efficacy and safety of intravenous opioids and NSAIDs during the first 48 hours after lower abdominal surgery. METHODS: The 40 patients were randomized to either preemptive group or postincisional group. All subjects received IV bolus of 2 mg of morphine followed by continuous IV mixture (morphine 30 mg + ketorolac 90 mg + droperidol 2 mg in 90 ml of normal saline) via Baxter 2-Day Infusor(R). Evaluations included supplementary analgesics, analgesic pain assessment (visual analogue scale, VAS), time of first analgesic request, patient comfort (comfort scale), and side effects. RESULTS: There were no differences in number of patient requiring supplemental analgesic (3/20 vs 5/20), the time of first analgesic request (42.2 hours vs 37.5 hours), pain scores measured at each time, and patient comfort between two groups. There were minor complications such as nausea and somnolence in both groups, but no patients needed any treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Preemptive or postincisional morphine-ketorolac-droperidol infusion was equally effective for postoperative analgesia after lower abdominal surgery with minor complications. Further evaluation may be needed to determine whether preemptive analgesia has any advantages over postincisional analgesia.
Analgesia* ; Analgesics ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Droperidol* ; Humans ; Ketorolac* ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are chronic autoimmune liver diseases. Overlap syndrome is defined as a condition in which the clinical, biochemical, and histological features of these autoimmune diseases are overlapped. Thus, it is difficult to appreciate overlap syndrome as an actual diagnostic entity. Only a few cases of the overlap syndrome of AIH and PSC have been reported, especially in children. Moreover, PSC is known to be the most frequent liver disorder associated with inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis. We report one case of AIH-PSC overlap syndrome in a child who was diagnosed as having ulcerative colitis.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Child ; Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; Liver Diseases ; Ulcer

Four Gram-positive cocci were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid or blood of four different patients, but they could not be identified by an automated conventional identification system, so they were identified using cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Of these, two strains (SMC-A2662 and SMC-A5889), which were previously supposed to be Rothia dentocariosa according to the API Coryne system, were identified as Rothia aeria by the 16S rRNA gene analysis. SMC-A608, which was unidentified by both the VITEK2 and API Coryne systems, was identified as Rothia mucilaginosa. The one remaining SMC-2244T was distinguished from the other Rothia species by its biochemical profile, its CFA composition and its 16S rRNA gene sequence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it was closely related to Rothia nasimurium but the 16S rRNA gene sequence dissimilarity of 1.8% was enough to differentiate it from R. nasimurium. Based on both the phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, we propose a new species name for this bacterium, Rothia arfidiae sp. nov. The results of this study show that several Rothia species were isolated from human and we have identified them using 16S rRNA gene sequences.
Genes, rRNA ; Gram-Positive Cocci ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on post-traumatic growth (PTG). METHODS: This study was conducted using a sample of ten survivors of a large-scale maritime disaster that occurred in the Yellow Sea, South Korea, in April 2014. A total of eight EMDR sessions were administered by a psychiatrist at two-week intervals over a period of five months, starting two or three months after the accident. Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Stress-Related Growth Scale (SRGS), Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were measured before treatment, after sessions 4 and 8, and at three months after treatment completion. RESULTS: After three months from treatment completion, significant increases were observed in PTG (PTGI: Z(8)=−2.380, p=0.017; SRGS: Z(8)=−2.380, p=0.017) and resilience (CD-RISC: Z(8)=−2.386, p=0.017). A decrease in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) level was also significant (CAPS: Z(8)=−2.176, p=0.030). The reduction of CAPS scores was correlated with increases of PTGI (rho=0.78, p=0.023) and SRGS (rho=0.79, p=0.020) scores. The changes in CAPS, PTGI, and SRGS scores between time point of end 8-session and three months follow-up was not significant (all p>0.05). Subjects with higher pre-treatment CD-RISC scores showed more significant improvements in PTGI (rho=0.88, p=0.004) and SRGS (rho=0.83, p=0.010) scores after treatment than did those with lower pre-treatment CD-RISC scores. CONCLUSION: EMDR therapy using standard protocol for trauma processing helped facilitating PTG in disaster survivors. To generalize these findings, further controlled studies comparing with other treatment modalities for PTSD are needed.
Disasters* ; Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing ; Eye Movements* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Pilot Projects* ; Prospective Studies* ; Psychiatry ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Survivors* ; Therapeutic Uses