No abstract available.
Chylothorax* ; Lymphangiectasis*

Mammary carcinoma was induced in rats by itravenous injection of N-methy-N-Nitrosourea. Microangiography was perfromed to evaluate the microvascular alterations in mammary carcinoma after irradiation. The tumors were givena single dose of 1.400 rads using Co-60 telethrapy unit with field size of 4 x 4 cm at 40 cm SSD. The dose ratewas 147.5 rads per minute. Microangiography was performed prior to irradiation and at one, two, and four weeksfollowing irradiation. The results are as follows: 1. Before irradiation, mammary carcinoma in rats tended to formlobules and the basic vasculature consisted of peripheral vascular pattern with central penetrating vessels. Theperipheral vascular pattern was always richer than that of the center. Irregular and tortuous vessles stretchedfrom the periphery into the center of lobule. 2. One week following irradiation, an increase in the number ofsmaller, tortuous vessels and decreased intervasular distance were obseved in the central portion of each lobule.This finding seems to be due to an improved filling of some previously existing but unfilled vessels. This maylead to improved metabolic changes and reoxygenation. 3. Later's changes of microvasculature after irradiation aretortuosity, irregularity, narrowing, abrupt tapering, fragmentation, and extravasation. These findings progressedafter a lapse of time. 4. The results can be considered as the microangiographic demonstration of the fact that reoxygenation after irradiation is mainly due to dilatation of the collapsed tumor vessels.
Animals ; Dilatation ; Microvessels ; Radiation Effects ; Rats ; Silver Sulfadiazine

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine whether sevoflurane induction without painful procedures, such as intravenous catheter (IVC) insertion, has any emotional benefit compared with intravenous induction using a prepared IVC. METHODS: Children undergoing outpatient surgery were randomized to 2 groups: inhalation induction with sevoflurane (sevoflurane group, n = 24) or intravenous induction with thiopental sodium (control group, n = 21). In the sevoflurane group an IVC was inserted after chidren had been anesthetized by sevoflurane inhalation, while in the control group, an IVC was placed in the preoperative holding area. Total time and the number of IVC insertion attempts were recorded in both groups. Anesthesia times, agitation scores and the views of medical staff on technique benefits were also noted. Patients and parents were interviewed the following day. RESULTS: Time required for IVC insertion was significantly greater in the control group. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of; the number of attempts required for IVC insertion, anesthesia induction times, extubation times, recovery times, or agitation scores. Though interviews with patients and parents produced similar results in both groups, medical staff satisfaction levels were significantly higher in the sevoflurane group. CONCLUSION: Inhalation induction with sevoflurane had no beneficial effect on postoperative emotional changes. However, this method provides benefit to both children and medical staff because it avoids stressful, time-wasting, painful experiences.
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; Anesthesia ; Catheters ; Child* ; Dihydroergotamine ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Medical Staff ; Parents ; Thiopental

The prevalence of C. sinensis infection along the Nam river, Korea, was 38.7% of 5,291 people examined. Prevalence rates varied from 42% at the upper stream to 34% at the middle stream and 40% at the down stream region. Rates were highest (53.4-54.3%) in the 30-59 years of age group. The positive rates in primary school chidren, school students, teachers and local officers, and other inhabitants were 16.5%, 22.6%, 46.2% and 49.6% respectively. 53.6% of cases were light infected, i.e. less than 4,000/EPG. The cercarial expulsion rate of 5,005 Parafossarulus sp. was 0.34%. Snails naturally infected with C. sinensis expelled about 788 cercariae/day. Ten of 18 species of freshwater fish examined had C. sinensis metacercariae. To prevent clonorchiasis in the endemic areas, the effective health education system is suggested as a control measure. [retyped from English summary]
parasitology-helminth-trmatoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; clonorchiasis ; epidemiology ; Pseudorasbora parva ; Parafossarulus sp. ; Loxogenes liberum ; Cyathocotyle orientalis ; Notocotylus attenuatus ; Zacco platypus ; Hemibarbus sp. ; Gnathopogon sp. ; Ischikauia steenackeri ; Pseudogobio esocinus

The educational development in Korean Medical School has shown remarkable results in about 20 years. These institutes has an excellent evaluation base and educational independence. And the curriculum, the method, and the evaluation in medical education have been innovated over recent 20 years. Those revolutionary outcome of the innovation of medical education affirms possibilities and potentialities of innovation and reformation in the future. In response, this article attempted to reflect on the deficiencies of medical education through the analysis of the educational status of medical humanities in 40 medical schools for better future medical humanities education under such a strong environment. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present the direction in which medical humanities literature based on value education. In this process, in order to find the essence of medical education through educational philosophy discourse, the blue print of evidence based medicine is presented, and the role and direction of medical humanities are suggested through reflection on strengthening medical education capabilities.

The purpose of this study is to verify the pedagogical necessity of the medical humanities and to analyze the educational contents of medical humanities in medical schools of Korea. Medical humanities education should reflect the students' real life situations and attitudes because the educational goal of medical school students is to live as happy persons and good doctors. Understanding the medical humanities education that can achieve this goal will enable students to overcome various difficulties they will face in the future, and these contents should be included in graduation outcomes. The curriculum of medical humanities in Keimyung University School of Medicine was also analyzed, and based on this, we suggest the direction of education to be pursued. According to the analyzed data, medical humanities should be avoided from knowledge-oriented memorization education, and the curriculum should be supplemented by finding ways to integrate with basic and clinical medicine subjects. In addition, education that can increase resilience and form the identity of a doctor who can love and care for oneself is required even in difficult situations. Many attention and research will be needed in the future to achieve the original purpose of medical humanities education to understand others and society and to recognize the value of empathy and consideration.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of a study on the psychological state, lifestyle, selfmanagement ability, and academic adaptation of medical students, and to present examples of improvement of a student support center based on the results. A medical school in Daegu has been surveying the living conditions of students every year for 6 years since 2016. More than 60% of medical students experienced depression and more than 70% experienced stress, but these rates have significantly improved over the past 5 years. There were many cases of drinking or smoking to relieve stress, but the frequency of drinking recently decreased substantially. Some students had difficulties in emotional regulation (11.5%) and time management (16.6%), and challenges in planning and self-management increased significantly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The satisfaction and adaptability of medical students are high, but the number of students who are not satisfied with but negative response rate is 2%-3% in every year. However, satisfaction has significantly increased in tandem with curriculum changes and COVID-19.Based on these data, the counseling system was reorganized to support psychological stability, the medical humanities curriculum was improved, and changes in actual quality of life were induced by developing and operating non-curricular programs. Furthermore, standardized questionnaires will be developed and data from many medical schools will be shared, which is expected to support medical students more effectively.

Down syndrome is the most common autosomal syndrome in man. The incidence of trisomy 21 due to translocation is about 3.5-5%. Translocations are usually centric fusions between a 21 and a D group (54.2%) or a G group (40.9%) chromosome. Since the short arm of 21 carries no phenotypically active genes, even if the short arm of 21 is lost, usually there is no imbalance with clinical significance. Rare translocations in Down syndrome may also occur between a 21 and other chromosomes (4.9%). We experienced a case of unusual (1q;21q) translocation Down syndrome inherited from a t (1q;21q) balanced carrier mother. The segmental trisomy was confirmed by FISH analysis. This is the first case of a familial Down syndrome with t (1q;21q) in Korea.
Arm ; Down Syndrome* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mothers* ; Trisomy

PURPOSE: To analyze the optical coherence tomographic patterns and clinical courses of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) after treatment. METHODS: The charts of 65 patients with DME were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline optical coherence tomographic patterns of DME were categorized into the 4 groups: group 1 (9 eyes, 13.8%) showed diffuse retinal thickening, group 2 (21 eyes, 32.3%) had cystoid macular edema (CME), group 3 (13 eyes, 20.0%) demonstrated serous retinal detachment (SRD) and group 4 (22 eyes, 33.9%) had combined CME and SRD. Treatments for DME included intravitreal bevacizumab/triamcinolone injection, focal laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy. During 12 months of follow-up, changes in the patterns of DME were assessed. Additionally, the central retinal thickness (CRT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: During 12 months of follow-up, 21 eyes (32.3%) showed changes in the DME pattern: 2 eyes (22.2%) in group 1, 3 (14.3%) in group 2, 4 (30.8%) in group 3 and 12 (54.5%) in group 4. A significantly greater proportion of eyes with changes in DME pattern underwent vitrectomy compared with those without changes in DME pattern (p = 0.012). There was a significant difference in CRT among the 4 groups; group 4 demonstrated the largest CRT at baseline, 6 and 12 months (p < 0.001, 0.002 and 0.029, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in BCVA among the 4 groups at baseline, 6 or 12 months (p = 0.879, 0.375 and 0.246, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical courses varied according to the tomographic patterns of DME after treatment, and the poorest anatomic outcome was found in group 4. Change in tomographic pattern of DME was correlated with the treatment of DME, which might suggest a poorer outcome in those patients than in the patients who maintained their DME patterns.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Macular Edema* ; Prognosis ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

Neuromedin B (NMB) acts as a growth factor or a morphogen and plays a role in cancer progression. Indeed, the NMB receptor (NMB-R) is overexpressed in different types of tumors. In our current study, we investigated the involvement of NMB-R in the proliferation of oral cancer cells. Human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and human oral cancer cells, SCC-25 cells were found to be NMB-R-positive. The NMB-R antagonist PD168368 inhibited the proliferation of SCC-25 cells and reduced their colony formation capacity. We also found that PD168368 induced the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of SCC-25 cells in a dose-/time-dependent manner. Overall, this antitumor activity of PD168368 in human oral cancer cells suggests that NMB-R is a potential target for the future prevention and treatment of human cancers.
Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Bombesin*