The effect of illumination on the contrast sensitivity function was studied using an Arden Contrast Sensitivity System and incandescent electric lamp. The intensities of illumination were set at 50,100,200,500, and 1,000 lx. The contrast sensitivity function was saturated at 500 lx of illumination in both monocular and biocular condition. But frequency charicteristics showed that the CSF was increased more at 1,000 lx of illumination at high frequency.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Lighting*

Lymphomatoid papulosis is an enigmatic disease entity which is clinically benign and histologically malignant. Although sporadic cases have been reported, we could not find any comprehensive report on the combined clinical and histologic features of lymphomatoid papulosis in the literature. Perhaps the most controversial aspect of lymphomatoid papulosis is its pathogenesis and categorization as a benign versus a malignant entity. To date, there are no reports on p53 and bcl-2 protein expression in lymphomatoid papulosis. We analysed the clinico-pathological findings of 18 cases with lymphomatoid papulosis during the 10 year period from 1984 to 1995 and examined the prevalence of immunoreactivity for CD30(DAKO, Ber-H2), p53(DAKO, DO-7), and bcl-2(DAKO, 124) using an immunohistochemical(ABC) method. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1) Age distribution ranged from 20 to 65, with a mean age of 45 years and a sex distribution which showed a male predominence(8:1). The lesions were located on the trunk and extremities(8cases), extremities (7cases), and trunk(3 cases). The morphology of the lesions were papules or plaques(12 cases), and nodules(6 cases). 2) Histopathologic types were classified into 3 types: type A(4 cases), type B(8 cases) and mixed type (6 cases). 3) Positive immunoreactivity for CD30 was seen in 17%(3 of 18cases): type A(2 of 3) and mixed type(1 of 3). 4) The positive immunoreactivity for p53 and bcl-2 was observed in 29%(5 of 18) and 11%(2 of 18), respectively. 5) Cases showing positive immunoreactivity for P53 were type A(1 of 5), type B(1 of 5), and mixed type(3 of 5). 6) Cases showing positive immunoreactivity for bcl-2 were mixed type(2 of 2). One case developed into Ki-1 lymphoma. These results support the idea that lymphomatoid papulosis and Ki-1 lymphoma represent a continuum. The role of p53 gene mutation and bcl-2 activation in the development of lymphomatoid papulosis is currently unknown. But, our results suggest that p53 gene mutation and bcl-2 activation are not a critical step in the development of lymphomatoid papulosis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of p53 gene mutation and bcl-2 activation in the development and progression of lymphomatoid papulosis.
Male ; Humans ; Genes, p53

A total of 0.3ml of 100% sulfur hexafluoride(SF6) was injected into vitreous cavity with a single shot or two 0.15ml shots, and the time dependent intraocular pressure changes were compared. Intraocular pressure was monitored at 5 minute intervals for 60 minutes after injection. Immediately after a single shot injection, remarkable intraocular pressure elevation(85mmHg, mean)was observed, which returned, however, to normal level within 15 minutes. Intraocular pressure elevation was milder when a smaller bolus of gas(0.15ml)was separately injected twice. No re-elevation of intraocular pressure was noted with either method after the initial return to normal.
Intraocular Pressure* ; Sulfur

100% sulfur hexafluoride(SF6) was injected into the vitreous cavity of nonvitrectomized retinal detachment patients. A total of 0.5ml of gas was injected with a single shot in 3 eyes or two 0.25ml in 3 eyes without lowering of intraocular pressure. And in 3 eyes, single shot of 0.5ml of gas was used after lowering of intraocular pressure. The changes of intraocular pressure were monitored at 5 minute intervals for 60 minutes and at one hour intervals for 8 hours after injection. Marked elevation of intraocular pressure was noted in both single shot group, but the elevation of intraocular pressure of double shot group was much smaller. But in all groups, the intraocular pressures were returned to under 30mmHg within 20 minutes and no re-elevation of intraocular pressure was noted in all cases after initial return to normal. In a case with two 0.3ml shots, the highest pressure was 49mmHg and with 0.35ml shots, the highest pressure was 78mmHg. So the effect of SF6 on intraocular pressure seemed to be negligible so long as the injection volume was limited to 0.5ml or less in single shot; and 0.6ml in double shots.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Retinal Detachment ; Sulfur

Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy[CSC], which also has been termed diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy, is defined as a sensory retinal detachment associated with areas of RPE atrophy and pigment mottling. Fluorescein angiographic finding includes areas of granular hyperfluo-rescence and one or many subtle leaks. In older age group, choroidal neo-vascularization[CNV]may develop as a complication. We investigated the clinical features and performed fluorescein angiography[FAG], indocyanine green[ICG]angiography in 10 patients with CNV among 32 patients with chronic CSC. The location of CNV was extrafoveal[3 eyes]and juxtafoveal[7 eyes]. Associated fundus findings were RPE atrophy[8 eyes], PED[5 eyes], serous RD[4 eyes], subretinal hemorrhage[4eyes]. ICG findings were hypo-fluorescence[8 eyes], choroidal hyperpermeability[7 eyes], choroidal delayed filling[5 eyes]. Choroidal neovascularization was identified only with ICG angiography in 6 out of 10 cases. Laser photocoagulation was performed using ICG angiography in 6 cases. Visual acuity was improved in 4 out of 10 cases, and unchanged in 3 out of 10 cases. Therefore, we suggest that ICG angiography may be used as an important device for the diagnosis and management of CNV in patients with chronic CSC. Visual prognosis of CNV in chronic CSC seems to be relatively good.
Angiography ; Atrophy ; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Choroid* ; Choroidal Neovascularization ; Diagnosis ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Prognosis ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVES: Sleep disturbance constitutes a significant and relatively common source of suffering for cancer patients. It is a challenge for oncologists to address this troubling symptom with pharmacotherapy's limited evidence base. This paper systematically reviewed the literature for evidence of pharmacological treatment of sleep disturbances in this population. METHODS: We searched international and domestic databases using the search terms "cancer", "sleep disturbance", and "pharmacological intervention", limiting the search to English- and Korean-language articles published between 1980 and 2008. Included studies were intervention studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses on pharmacological treatment for the sleep disturbance of adult patients suffering various medical conditions, including cancer. We graded the included studies according to Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN) methodology checklists. RESULTS: Of the 223 studies searched, we only 7 studies met the criteria : 1 systematic review and 6 (85.7%) intervention studies. Among currently prescribed medications for sleep disturbance, only a few have been studied in patients with cancer, and their long-term follow-up data was not available. CONCLUSION: Based on available literature, the evidence in favor of pharmacological treatment for sleep disturbance (in cancer patients) is weak. Further studies containing long-term follow-up data should be conducted.
Adult ; Checklist ; Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Stress, Psychological

In the past years skin grafts, local flaps and free flaps have been used in reconstructing skin of soft tissue defects and deformities of the face where primary closure is not feasible. A number of local flaps have been used for reconstruction of facial defects and deformities, but the size of a defect that could be treated in such a way was restricted and the donor site deformity was another problem of local flaps. Introduction of the tissue expansion technique has made it possible to cover even wider defects with neighboring skin and advantageous in facial reconstruction in that such defects can be resurfaced with skin of similar color, texture and thickness, a match superior to that of skin obtained elsewhere. We used tissue expanders in reconstructing defects and deformities of the face(post-burn scar ; 17cases, post-traumatic scar ; 7cases, congenital nevus ; 3cases, total 27cases) from Mar. 1990 to Sep. 1996. We used expanders of various size and shape according to the site and size of the defects. We prefered to use round or croissant type tissue expander for the reconstruction of small-sized scar on medial cheek and to use rectangular type expander for large-sized scar on lateral cheek. Ports are placed under the scar or scalp. Expansion period ranged from 28days to 97days (mean 7weeks) and overinflation (mean 170%) was done. And various methods are used for prevention of complication. We have made anchoring sutures of the remained capsule to the underlying periosteum for prevention of ectropion. We have got satisfactory results from that aesthetically and functionally, so report the results with a review of the current literature.
Cheek ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ectropion ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Nevus ; Periosteum ; Scalp ; Skin* ; Sutures ; Tissue Donors ; Tissue Expansion Devices ; Tissue Expansion* ; Transplants

During ether anesthesia in man, succinylcholine(lmg/kg of body weight) was administered intravenously after pretreatment with 0.2% lidocaine 50-60mg or Inderal(1. 0mg). The effects were as follows: 1) Heart rates were increased during ether anestheaia. 2) Lidocaine produced no effects on heart rates rncreased by ether, but heart rates were decreased following administration of succinylcholine. 3) Inderal decreased heart rates, increased by ether anesthesia. Heart rates were increased following administration of succinylcholine.
Anesthesia ; Ether ; Heart Rate ; Lidocaine* ; Propranolol* ; Succinylcholine*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between eating disorders and parent-adolescent communication in middle school students. METHOD: There were 267 adolescents taken as participants from two middle schools in rural areas. Data were collected from June to July 2005, using the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 questionnaire (23 items) and Parent-Adolescent Communication Inventory (10 items for open family communication, 10 items for problem in family communication). The SPSS Win version 12.0 was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, and partial correlation coefficient. RESULT: The mean score on the eating disorder was 2.74 (range: 1-6). Meanwhile, the mean scores on the parentadolescent communication was 3.37 (range: 1-5). There were significant differences in eating disorders according to gender, age, negative perception of the participant's body weight, family's perception of obesity, diet experiences, and BMI. Eating disorders showed a significant negative correlation with parent-adolescent communication. CONCLUSION: In this study, there was a significant negative correlation between eating disorders and parent-adolescent communication. In order to prevent an eating disorder, education and training to enhance communication skills should be provided to adolescents and their parents as well.
Adolescent ; *Adolescent Psychology ; Attitude to Health ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; *Communication ; Eating Disorders/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Parent-Child Relations ; Personal Satisfaction ; Questionnaires ; Rural Population

We report a rare case of retinal detachment in colobomatous macrophthalmos with microcornea syndrome. A 25-year-old female who had suffered from poor vision in her left eye since early childhood and high myopia in her right eye (-11 D) visited our clinic because of a sudden deterioration of vision. Examination of the anterior segment showed microcornea with coloboma of the inferior pupil margin in the left iris. Fundus examination of the left eye revealed an inferior choroidal coloboma extending from the optic disc and macula. The patient also had total bullous retinal detachment. Pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade was performed, and the retina was reattached. In the very rare condition of colobomatous macropthalmos with microcornea, retinal detachment may develop. Pars plana vitrectomy with additional silicone oil tamponade may be performed to treat this condition.
Adult ; Choroid/*abnormalities ; Coloboma/*complications/diagnosis ; Cornea/*abnormalities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retinal Detachment/diagnosis/*etiology/surgery ; Syndrome ; Vitrectomy/methods