Bone Substitutes ; Chlorhexidine ; Granulation Tissue ; Hygiene ; Inflammation ; Membranes ; Peri-Implantitis ; Tetracycline ; Tissue Banks ; Transplants ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the current literatures and to assess outcomes of implant treatment in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies considered for inclusion were searched in Pub-Med. The literature search for studies published in English between 2000 and 2012 was performed. Our findings included literature assessing implant treatment in patients with a history of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP). All studies were screened according to inclusion criteria. The outcome measures were survival rate of superstructures, marginal bone loss around implant and survival rate of implants. All studies were divided into two follow-up period: short term study (< 5 years) and long term study (> or = 5 years). RESULTS: Seven prospective studies were selected, including four short-term and three long-term studies. The survival rates of the superstructures were generally high in patients with GAP, i.e. 95.9 - 100%. Marginal bone loss around implant in patients with GAP as compared with implants in patients with chronic periodontitis or periodontally healthy patients was not significantly greater in short term studies but was significantly greater in long term studies. In short term studies, the survival rates of implants were between 97.4% and 100% in patients with GAP-associated tooth loss, except one study. The survival rates of implants were between 83.3% and 96% in patients with GAP in long term studies. CONCLUSION: Implant treatment in patients with GAP is not contraindicated provided that adequate infection control and an individualized maintenance program are assured.
Aggressive Periodontitis ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Dental Implantation ; Dental Implants ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Survival Rate ; Tooth Loss

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic nephropathy is an important cause of end stage renal disease in Korea and associated with major morbidity and mortality. The precise pathogenic mechanism of this disease is still controversial, but it has been considered that multiple factors are contribute to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. One of these factors, renin-angiotensin system has been proven to be a major mediator of this disease via activation of angiotensin II, which has multiple functions such as induction of production of extracellular matrix protein and various intraglomerular cells, tubulointerstital component and increment of intraglomerular pressure. Transforming growth factor(TGFbeta) is a multifunctional cytokine with major profibrotic character, which stimulates the production of extracellular matrx(ECM) protein, inhibit the degradation of ECM and induce the interaction of mesangial cells with ECM via integrin receptors. This study was done to evaluate the role of angiotensin II and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in expression of TGFbeta mRNA which is a main mediator in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: Human mesangial cells(MCs) were cultured by standard culture techniqne. For this study, cells in the 5th to 7th passage were used. To make a different glucose concentration in culture medium, normal(100mg/dl) or high glucose(450mg/dl) concentrations of D-glucose were added, and cultured in 17% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum. Angiotensin II and ACE inhibitor(captopril) were administered to the culture medium at final concentration of 10-6M. After 72 hours, MCs were harvested to measure the expression of TGFbeta mRNA. To measure the mRNA expression of TGFbeta in each condition, semi quantitative PCR was done and all results were corrected by beta-actin gene. RESULTS: mRNA expression of TGFbeta was significantly increased in the high glucose medium(30 mM) compared to normal glucose medium(5.5mM) (3.82+/-0.465 vs 2.27+/-0.13, p<0.05). Administration of angiotensinII(10-6M) in high glucose medium induced a further increase in the TGFbeta expression to 4.29+/-0.476(p<0.05). AngiotensinII(10-6M) in normal glucose medium also showed a significant increase in TGFbeta expression as 3.40+/-1.88(p<0.05). Administration of ACE inhibitor(Captopril, 10-6M) in high glucose medium prevented the increse of TGFbeta expression(1.20+/-0.18 vs 3.82+/-0.465, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: From these findings, it suggest that angiotensinII is an important mediator in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. ACE inhibitor may have a role in the progress of this disease via direct suppression of TGFbeta system as well as beneficial intraglomerular hemodynamic effect.
Actins ; Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensins* ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Extracellular Matrix ; Glucose* ; Hemodynamics ; Hot Temperature ; Humans* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Korea ; Mesangial Cells* ; Mortality ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; RNA, Messenger* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the biomechanical behavior of the lumbar spine after posterior decompression with the spinous process osteotomy (SPiO) technique or the conventional laminectomy (CL) technique using a finite element (FE) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three validated lumbar FE models (L2-5) which represented intact spine and two decompression models using SPiO and CL techniques at the L3-4 segment were developed. In each model, the ranges of motion, the maximal von Mises stress of the annulus fibrosus, and the intradiscal pressures at the index segment (L3-4) and adjacent segments (L2-3 and L4-5) under 7.5 Nm moments were analyzed. Facet contact forces were also compared among three models under the extension and torsion moments. RESULTS: Compared to the intact model, the CL and SPiO models had increased range of motion and annulus stress at both the index segment (L3-4) and the adjacent segments under flexion and torsion. However, the SPiO model demonstrated a reduced range of motion and annulus stress than the CL model. Both CL and SPiO models had an increase of facet contact force at the L3-4 segment under the torsion moment compared to that of the intact model. Under the extension moment, however, three models demonstrated a similar facet contact force even at the L3-4 model. CONCLUSION: Both decompression methods lead to postoperative segmental instability compared to the intact model. However, SPiO technique leads to better segmental stability compared to the CL technique.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Decompression, Surgical/*methods ; *Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc/physiopathology/surgery ; Laminectomy/*methods ; Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology/physiopathology/*surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Anatomic ; Osteotomy/*methods ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Stress, Mechanical ; Zygapophyseal Joint/pathology/physiopathology/surgery

The objective of this study was to review the natural history of extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) with specific emphasis on clinical features, response to treatment and survival. The records of all patients (n=34) with EPSCC treated at Yeungnam University Medical Center and Catholic University of Daegu Medical Center between 1998 and 2005 were retrieved and reviewed. The primary sites of tumor were the esophagus and thymus in 6 patients (17.6%) each, pancreas and stomach in 5 patients each (14.7%); other sites included were the cervix, abdominal lymph nodes, abdominal wall, bladder, colon, maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, ovary, parotid gland and liver. Twenty three patients out of 34 had limited disease. The median survival of all patients was 14 months. Independent prognostic factors included stage and primary tumor location. The prognosis for the patients with extensive disease and in the gastrointestinal group was unfavorable. EPSCC is a non homogeneous disease entity. As a result of its frequent recurrence, multimodal therapy has a better outcome even in cases of limited disease. Combination chemotherapy plays a central role for treatment of extensive disease in EPSCC. Further multicenter studies are now needed to determine more details regarding disease sub-class and optimal treatment modality.
Thymus Neoplasms/mortality/therapy ; Survival Rate ; Stomach Neoplasms/mortality/therapy ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality/therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/mortality/*therapy ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Adult

OBJECTIVES: The Web-based integrated public healthcare information system (PHIS) of Korea was planned and developed from 2005 to 2010, and it is being used in 3,501 regional health organizations. This paper introduces and discusses development and performance of the system. METHODS: We reviewed and examined documents about the development process and performance of the newly integrated PHIS. The resources we analyzed the national plan for public healthcare, information strategy for PHIS, usage and performance reports of the system. RESULTS: The integrated PHIS included 19 functional business areas, 47 detailed health programs, and 48 inter-organizational tasks. The new PHIS improved the efficiency and effectiveness of the business process and inter-organizational business, and enhanced user satisfaction. Economic benefits were obtained from five categories: labor, health education and monitoring, clinical information management, administration and civil service, and system maintenance. The system was certified by a patent from the Korean Intellectual Property Office and accredited as an ISO 9001. It was also reviewed and received preliminary comments about its originality, advancement, and business applicability from the Patent Cooperation Treaty. It has been found to enhance the quality of policy decision-making about regional healthcare at the self-governing local government level. CONCLUSIONS: PHIS, a Web-based integrated system, has contributed to the improvement of regional healthcare services of Korea. However, when it comes to an appropriate evolution, the needs and changing environments of community-level healthcare service and IT infrastructure should be analyzed properly in advance.
Commerce ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Health Education ; Information Management ; Information Systems* ; Intellectual Property ; International Cooperation ; Korea* ; Local Government ; Public Health Informatics ; Systems Integration

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost of brain disorders from individual and social aspects. METHOD: This study employed two complementary methodologies for the estimation: individual survey and collective statistics. The survey recruited 1903 disabled persons, staying at home, registered at public health center as brain disorders. They were asked about epidemiologic, clinical variables, medical cost, employment status and pre-/post-morbid incomes. Collective statistics included mortality data from the national statistical office, report on wage structure report from the ministry of labor and national health insurance statistical yearbook from the national health insurance corporation. Individual cost of brain disorders was estimated by summing direct medical cost and indirect cost from productivity loss (job loss or decreased income). Social cost also comprised direct medical cost and indirect cost; indirect cost corresponded to productivity loss due to healthcare utilization, job loss, decreased income and premature death. RESULTS: Individual cost of brain disorders was 164,041,000 Korean Won (KRW) per patient. 93.3% of the subjects of the survey who were pre-morbidly employed lost their job and the income of those who maintained employment decreased to 51.5% of original income on average. Social cost of brain disorder in 2005 was 9,901,057,327,000 KRW. Major part of social cost was due to job loss. CONCLUSION: Brain disorder imposes substantial amount of economic cost, individually and socially. Especially job loss from disability after brain disorder takes up the largest portion. The results of the study are expected to serve as a foundation for future research and healthcare policy.

BACKGROUND: Although many treatments for advanced gastric cancer have been developed, only poor treatment results have generally been obtained. We performed a prospective study on the combination chemotherapy of paclitaxel and cisplatin (PC). The primary objectives of the study were elucidating the disease response and evaluating the drug regimen's safety. METHODS: Patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer received intravenous paclitaxel 175 mg/m2, and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1. This cycle was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: From January 2000 to March 2004, 37 patients from 3 different hospitals were enrolled in this study. A total of 135 treatment cycles (median: 3 cycles) were administered. The responses were evaluable in 34 patients; 24 patients received this regimen as their first-line treatment for metastatic cancer and the other patients received it as their second-line treatment for recurrent cancer. The objective response rate (RR) was 26.5% (95% CI: 11.7-41.3) with two complete responses, and stable disease was observed in 41.1% of the patients. Importantly, an RR of 33.3% (95% CI: 0.6-66.0) was achieved for the eight patients who received this regimen as a first-line treatment. The median follow up duration was 14 months for all the patients, and the median time to progression was 6 months (95% CI: 1.9-10.2). The overall survival time was 8.9 months (95% CI: 7.0-11.0) with a 1-year survival rate of 18.7% (95% CI: 5.6-31.8). The most common toxicity was neutropenia. CONCLUSION: PC exhibited promising activity against gastric cancer for the previously untreated patients as a first-line treatment with an acceptable toxicity profile.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use ; Cisplatin/*therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis/drug therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*drug therapy ; Paclitaxel/*therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Safety ; Stomach Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*secondary ; Treatment Outcome

"Clinical Practice Guideline for Stroke Rehabilitation in Korea 2012" is a 2nd edition of clinical practice guideline (CPG) for stroke rehabilitation in Korea, which updates the 1st edition published in 2009. After 1st stroke rehabilitation CPG, many studies concerning stroke rehabilitation have been published and the necessity for update has been raised. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention supported the project "Development of Clinical Practice Guideline for Stroke Rehabilitation" in 2012. Thirty-two specialists in stroke rehabilitation from 18 universities and 3 rehabilitation hospitals and 10 consultants participated in this project. The scope of this CPG included both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke from the acute to chronic stages. The purpose of this CPG is to provide guidelines for doctors and therapists to make a decision when they manage stroke patients and ultimately, to help stroke patients obtain maximal functional recovery and return to the society. "Clinical Practice Guideline for Stroke Rehabilitation in Korea 2012" consists of 'Chapter 1; Introduction of Stroke Rehabilitation', 'Chapter 2; Rehabilitation for Stroke Syndrome, 'Chapter 3; Rehabilitation for Return to the Society', and 'Chapter 4; Advanced Technique for Stroke Rehabilitation'. Both the adaptation and de novo development methods were used to develop this 2nd edition of CPG. The appraisal of foreign CPGs was performed using 'Korean appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation II' (K-AGREE II); moreover, four CPGs from Scotland (2010), Austrailia (2010), USA (2010), Canada (2010) were chosen for adaptation. For de novo development, articles that were published following the latest foreign CPGs were searched from the database system, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library. Literatures were assessed in the aspect of subjects, study design, study results' consistency, language and application possibility in the Korean society. The chosen articles' level of evidence and grade of recommendation were decided by the criteria of Scotland (2010) and the formal consensus was derived by the nominal group technique. The levels of evidence range from 1++ to 4 and the grades of recommendation range from A to D. GPP (Good Practice Point) was recommended as best practice based on the clinical experience of the guideline developmental group. The draft of the developed CPG was reviewed by the experts group in the public hearings and then revised.
Canada ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Consensus ; Consultants ; Humans ; Korea* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Rehabilitation* ; Scotland ; Specialization ; Stroke*

“Clinical Practice Guideline for Stroke Rehabilitation in Korea 2016” is the 3rd edition of clinical practice guideline (CPG) for stroke rehabilitation in Korea, which updates the 2nd edition published in 2014. Forty-two specialists in stroke rehabilitation from 21 universities and 4 rehabilitation hospitals and 4 consultants participated in this update. The purpose of this CPG is to provide optimum practical guidelines for stroke rehabilitation teams to make a decision when they manage stroke patients and ultimately, to help stroke patients obtain maximal functional recovery and return to the society. The recent two CPGs from Canada (2015) and USA (2016) and articles that were published following the 2nd edition were used to develop this 3rd edition of CPG for stroke rehabilitation in Korea. The chosen articles' level of evidence and grade of recommendation were decided by the criteria of Scotland (2010) and the formal consensus was derived by the nominal group technique. The levels of evidence range from 1++ to 4 and the grades of recommendation range from A to D. Good Practice Point was recommended as best practice based on the clinical experience of the guideline developmental group. The draft of the developed CPG was reviewed by the experts group in the public hearings and then revised. “Clinical Practice Guideline for Stroke Rehabilitation in Korea 2016” consists of ‘Chapter 1; Introduction of Stroke Rehabilitation’, ‘Chapter 2; Rehabilitation for Stroke Syndrome, ‘Chapter 3; Rehabilitation for Returning to the Society’, and ‘Chapter 4; Advanced Technique for Stroke Rehabilitation’. “Clinical Practice Guideline for Stroke Rehabilitation in Korea 2016” will provide direction and standardization for acute, subacute and chronic stroke rehabilitation in Korea.
Canada ; Consensus ; Consultants ; Humans ; Korea* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Rehabilitation* ; Scotland ; Specialization ; Stroke*