The predictive accuracy of the SRK II, SRK/T and Holladay formulas was evaluated in 22 eyes with sever myopia who had phacoemulsification and implantaton of posterior chamber IOL without suture. These patients were followed up for at least 6 months postoperatively. Correlation coefficient between the predicted refraction and actual refraction was 0.57(P<0.01) in the eyes using the SRK/T, 0.566(P<0.01) in the Holladay and (0.06(P=0.791) in the SRK II. The mean absolute error in the SRK/T 0.85 was smaller than that of the Holladay 1.04 and the SRK II1.08(p<0.05). The percentage of the eyes with absolute error within 1D was 68% in the SRK/T, 68% in the Holladay and 53% in the SRK II, but there was no statistically significant difference between them(p>0.05). The percentage of the eye with hyperopic shift(more hyperopic actual refraction than the predicted refraction) was 77% in the SRK II, 77% in the SRK/T and 86% in the Holladay, but there was no statistically significant difference between each formula(p>0.05). In conclusion, the SRK/T has the better predictive accuracy than the SRK II and Holladay in severe myopia and hyperopic shift tends to occur with the application of all three formulas.
Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Myopia ; Phacoemulsification ; Sutures

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery compared with conventional radical surgery in stage Ib1 cervical cancer as to operative complications, the rate of lymph node metastasis, recurrence and overall five-year survival rates. METHODS: The study materal (98 cases of stage Ib1 cervical cancer) was divided into two groups; The one group was neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Cisplatin + 5-FU) followed by radical surgery (n = 41) and the other was the conventional radical surgery (n = 57) group. Reviewing records of operative and pathological reports and clinical findings, the outcome was statistically analyzed and compared. RESULTS: As to the complication, bladder dysfuntion was more frequent in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, statistically significant.(43.9% vs 22.8%, P=0.034). No significant difference was found in the incidence of lymphnode metastasis (17% vs 17.5%, P=0.779) and overall five year survial rates(85.3% vs 87.7%, P=0.735). CONCLUSION: No benefical effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy could be found on stage Ib1 cervical cancer in this retrospective study. However, well controlled longterm prospective study will be need to get firm conclusion.
Drug Therapy* ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of the muscle contraction with gating of the sensory input at central and peripheral levels according to the intensity of muscle contraction and location of the muscles, somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) studies were evaluated at different levels of isometric contraction in the different muscles. METHOD: Median nerve SSEPs were recorded at Erb's point and scalp in the ten healthy adult subjects with isometric contraction of ipsilateral abductor pollicis brevis (APB), ipsilateral abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and contralateral APB. Median nerve SSEPs were recorded in each of these conditions during precontraction, weak contraction, strong contraction and 4 minutes after contraction. RESULTS: 1) N9 amplitudes of median SSEPs recorded at Erb's point were augumented during weak contraction and these amplitude augumentations were statistically significant in the ipsilateral APB contraction (p<0.05). 2) N20 amplitudes recorded at scalp were inhibited during strong isometric contraction and these amplitude inhibitions were statistically significant in the ipsilateral APB contraction (p<0.05). 3) The latencies of N9 and N20 potentials were not significantly changed during isometric contraction. CONCLUSION: Therefore peripheral nervous system as well as central nervous system is responsible for gating, so the subject should be asked for the best relaxation possible for higher reliability of SSEPs.
Adult ; Central Nervous System ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction ; Median Nerve ; Muscle Contraction* ; Muscles ; Peripheral Nervous System ; Relaxation ; Scalp

Acknowledgements section was missing. The publisher apologises for these errors.

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Radon*

The relationship between the amount of posterior displacement of the retinal surface at the temporal disc margin and the reference height(HRef)in analyzing optic disc using Heidelberg Retina Tomograph(HRT;Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany)was evaluated. The displacement was measured as mean height of contour(MHC)in the temporal 40degrees C segment(20degrees C superior and 20degrees C inferior to the horizontal midline)of optic disc. HRef is a value representing the location of the standard reference plane. The accordances of HRef and stereometric parameters between right and left disc were also evaluated. MHC in the temporal 40 degrees C and nasal 40 degrees C segment, HRef, and stereometric parameters of optic disc were measured with the HRT in 244 eyes of 122 subjects. HRef was 0.376+/-0.099 mm in the right disc and 0.385+/-0.090 mm in the left disc. There was good correlation between HRef and MHC in the temporal 40degrees C segment(r=0.97, p<0.01), but poor in the nasal 40 degrees C segment(r=0.29, p<0.01). The accordances of HRef and stereometric parameters increased as the difference of MHC in the temporal 40degrees C segment between right and left disc decreased. HRef was affected by the amount of posterior displacement of the retinal surface at the temporal disc margin, which occurs in instances such as a tilted disc. We should find the method to adjust stereometric parameters to the amount of disc tilt.
Retina* ; Retinaldehyde*

No abstract available.
Lenses, Intraocular*

No abstract available.
Lymphoma*

We evaluated the relationship between preoperative risk factors[gestational age, birth weight, postconceptual age and weight at operation, duration of operation, duration of anesthesia, abnormalities in neurosonogram, bronchopulmonary dysplasia]and apnea with or without bradycardia, for which mechanical ventilation was necessary after general anesthesia in the surgical treatment of retinopathy of prematurity[ROP]. Thirty-eight patients [21%]developed apnea and thirteen patients[7%]had bradycardia out of 183 patients. Retrospective study was performed and risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Gestational age, birth weight, postconceptual age and weight at operation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed the positive correlation with postanesthetic apnea and bradycardia. Duration of operation showed the positive correlation with postanesthetic apnea but not with postanesthetic bradycardia. In logistic regression without confoundings, weight at operation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were correlated with postanesthetic apnea. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that patients with weight under 2, 600gm at operation suffered from apnea more frequently than those with weight over 2, 600gm. In conclusion, patients with weight under 2600gm or bronchopulmonary dysplasia are at greater risk for postanesthetic apnea and optimal pre-and postanesthetic management should be prepared for these patients.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Apnea* ; Birth Weight ; Bradycardia ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; ROC Curve

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of pregnancy, abortion, delivery and contraceptive use and the relationship between the related factors and the early coitus among Korean teenagers. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 12,733 teenagers age 13-19 years in 7 major cities and 9 provinces in Korea. Data was collected from 2 Oct., to 28 Oct., 2000 and analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 Program. RESULTS: The results showed pregnancy rate 4.5%, delivery rate 0.5%, abortion rate 0.4%. Adolescent girls who experienced coitus relatively went to vocational school, coeduaction school, night school in the general characteristics (p=0.000). Adolescent girls who experienced coitus tend to go to video room (18.5%), go the singing room (60.7%), the bar (54.8%), petting with the partner during the dates. There were overlapping juvenile delinquencies such as drinking (89.2%), pornography (65.3%), bond inhalation (2.7%), leaving homes (43.7%), smoking (14.5%), cyber sex (70.8%), phone sex (12.9%). Adolescent girls who experienced coitus were more suffering from Wangtta (26.1%) than who had not. They showed significant positive attitudes toward coitus; such as feeling of excitement (6.6%), nature (37.9%), beauty (8.7%). On the other hand, they had more guilty (2.8%) than the inexperienced (p=0.000). The main factors relating to early coitus were 'to confirm love' (46.9%), 'afraid of rejection' (32.2%). They think the benefits of coitus were 'more intimacy with boyfriends' (20.6%), 'satisfaction of curiosity' (16.8%). The losses on coitus were 'worry about pregnancy' (73.7%) and 'unability to refuse sexual contacts' (28.7%) CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that it is necessary to plan different sex education programs according to general characteristics and delinquency behaviors of teenage girls in Korea.
Abortion, Induced ; Adolescent ; Beauty ; Coitus* ; Drinking ; Erotica ; Female* ; Hand ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Korea* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Sex Education ; Sexual Behavior* ; Singing ; Smoke ; Smoking