From November 1987 to December 1995, 76 patients with periampullary cancer underwent resectional surgery in the department of surgery, Kosin medical college. The object of this study was to assess the prognostic factors of the periampullary cancer after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The postoperative mortality rate was 11.8%. Significant morbidity occurred in 39.5% of the patients, early reoperation was required in 9.2% of these patients, and the mean hospital stay was 21.7 days. Univariate analysis on all patients revealed that the survival rate was significantly related to the size of the tumor (> or =3.0 cm 13%, <3.0 cm 41.4%; p<0.05), lymph node status (invasion 8.7%, no invasion 31.8%; p<0.05) and the age of the patient (>50 20.5%, < or =50 34.5%; p<0.05). The site was less significant(distal CBD 27%, ampulla of Vater 16.7%, pancreas 9%, duodenum 2%; p>0.05). These results indicated that patients with a tumor size lesser than 3cm, without lymph node involvement, and under the age of 50 had a long term survival rate.
Ampulla of Vater ; Duodenum ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Nodes ; Mortality ; Pancreas ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy* ; Reoperation ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVES: Amid the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with its high infectivity, we have relied on mathematical models to predict the temporal evolution of the disease. This paper aims to show that, due to active behavioral changes of individuals and the inherent nature of infectious diseases, it is complicated and challenging to predict the temporal evolution of epidemics. METHODS: A modified susceptible-exposed-infectious-hospitalized-removed (SEIHR) compartment model with a discrete feedback-controlled transmission rate was proposed to incorporate individuals’ behavioral changes into the model. To figure out relative uncertainties in the infection peak time and the fraction of the infected population at the peak, a deterministic method and 2 stochastic methods were applied. RESULTS: A relatively small behavioral change of individuals with a feedback constant of 0.02 in the modified SEIHR model resulted in a peak time delay of up to 50% using the deterministic method. Incorporating stochastic methods into the modified model with a feedback constant of 0.04 suggested that the relative random uncertainty of the maximum fraction of infections and that of the peak time for a population of 1 million reached 29% and 9%, respectively. Even without feedback, the relative uncertainty of the peak time increased by up to 20% for a population of 100,000. CONCLUSIONS It is shown that uncertainty originates from stochastic properties of infections. Without a proper selection of the evolution scenario, active behavioral changes of individuals could serve as an additional source of uncertainty.

OBJECTIVES: Amid the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with its high infectivity, we have relied on mathematical models to predict the temporal evolution of the disease. This paper aims to show that, due to active behavioral changes of individuals and the inherent nature of infectious diseases, it is complicated and challenging to predict the temporal evolution of epidemics. METHODS: A modified susceptible-exposed-infectious-hospitalized-removed (SEIHR) compartment model with a discrete feedback-controlled transmission rate was proposed to incorporate individuals’ behavioral changes into the model. To figure out relative uncertainties in the infection peak time and the fraction of the infected population at the peak, a deterministic method and 2 stochastic methods were applied. RESULTS: A relatively small behavioral change of individuals with a feedback constant of 0.02 in the modified SEIHR model resulted in a peak time delay of up to 50% using the deterministic method. Incorporating stochastic methods into the modified model with a feedback constant of 0.04 suggested that the relative random uncertainty of the maximum fraction of infections and that of the peak time for a population of 1 million reached 29% and 9%, respectively. Even without feedback, the relative uncertainty of the peak time increased by up to 20% for a population of 100,000. CONCLUSIONS It is shown that uncertainty originates from stochastic properties of infections. Without a proper selection of the evolution scenario, active behavioral changes of individuals could serve as an additional source of uncertainty.

Pseudo-kaposi's sarcoma is a vasoproliferative disorder that may resemble Kaposi's sarcoma, clinically and histologically. In most cases, it has been associated with congenital or iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula and chronic venous insuffiency. We present a 36-year-old male patient with pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma caused by a deed vein thrombosis in the absence of any detectable underlying etiologic factors.
Adult ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Humans ; Male ; Sarcoma ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Thrombosis ; Veins ; Venous Thrombosis*

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical effectiveness of 1% Prednisolone acetate ophthalmic solution and 0.1% Bromfenac sodium hydrate ophthalmic solution on prevention of cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 349 patients who received phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in Severance Hospital from July 2013 to January 2016 was performed. In these patients, 192 eyes received 1% Prednisolone acetate ophthalmic solution, and 157 eyes were treated with topical 0.1% Bromfenac sodium hydrate ophthalmic solution. The incidence and severity of cystoid macular edema (CME) were evaluated by retinal foveal thickness on optical coherence tomography for patients who showed best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) less than 0.5 (log MAR ≥ 0.3). RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in age (p = 0.708), sex (p = 0.977), or the side of operated eye (p = 0.443). The two groups showed BCVA 0.04 ± 0.09 (Steroid group) and 0.03 ± 0.07 (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID] group) at 1 month after the surgery and the difference was not significant (p = 0.947). One eye in the topical steroid group had cystoid macular edema, and 3 eyes in the steroid group showed elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) over 30 mm Hg. There were no IOP elevations or macular edema in the NSAID group. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that 0.1% Bromfenac sodium hydrate ophthalmic solution had a similar effect to 1% Prednisolone acetate ophthalmic solution on preventing CME after cataract surgery. This indicates that topical NSAID can be considered along with topical steroids in order to prevent CME after cataract surgery.
Cataract* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Macular Edema* ; Phacoemulsification ; Prednisolone* ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Sodium ; Steroids ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity

Various new technologies have been applied for developing vaccines against various animal diseases. Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine technology was used for manufacturing the porcine circovirus type 2 and RNA particle vaccines based on an alphavirus vector for porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). Although VLP is classified as a killed-virus vaccine, because its structure is similar to the original virus, it can induce long-term and cell-mediated immunity. The RNA particle vaccine used a Venezuela equine encephalitis (VEE) virus gene as a vector. The VEE virus partial gene can be substituted with the PED virus spike gene. Recombinant vaccines can be produced by substitution of the target gene in the VEE vector. Both of these new vaccine technologies made it possible to control the infectious disease efficiently in a relatively short time.
Alphavirus ; Animal Diseases ; Animals* ; Circovirus ; Communicable Diseases ; Diarrhea ; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine ; Encephalomyelitis, Equine ; Immunity, Cellular ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ; RNA ; Vaccines ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle ; Venezuela

BACKGROUND: The oral ulcer is a common oral disorder, but the precise etiology remains elusive despite of intensive clinical, immunological, hematological and microbiological investigations. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine oral ulcers for the detection of HSV DNA by using PCR and to characterize clinical features of HSV DNA positive cases. METHODS: Specimens collected with cotton swabs and saliva from 48 cases of oral ulcers were examined for HSV DNA by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. RESULTS: 1. HSV DNA was detected in 8 of 48(16.7%) cotton swabbed specimens of oral ulcers and saliva by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. 2. Clinical features of HSV DNA positive oral ulcers were a. predominently located in buccal mucosa. b. mall sized(<3mm), multiple(> or =5) lesions. 3. In Behcet's disease, 2 of 7(28.6%) cases of oral ulcers were positive for HSV DNA CONCLUSION: PCR is an useful and accurate method for the detection of HSV DNA from cotton swabbed specimens of oral ulcers.
Blotting, Southern ; DNA ; Herpes Simplex* ; Mouth Mucosa ; Oral Ulcer* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Saliva ; Simplexvirus*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the complication and recurrence rates in patients undergoing trocar-guided mesh implant for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) treatment. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed based on the medical records of patients who had undergone mesh implant by one surgeon from May 2006 to August 2013 at the Presbyterian Medical Center in Korea. We evaluated perioperative complications such as bladder injury, mesh exposure, urinary symptoms, infections, and chronic pelvic pain. Recurrence was defined as a POP-quantification system stage ≥II or any symptomatic prolapse. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients were evaluated, and the mean age of patients was 65.4±7.2 years. Stage ≥III POP-quantification Ba was noted in 61 patients (91%). Intraoperative complications included three cases of bladder injury (4.5%). The mean follow-up period was 44.1±7.9 months. Postoperative complications occurred in seven women (10.5%): four cases of urinary symptoms (6%), two cases of infections (3%), and one case of chronic pelvic pain (1.5%). Mesh exposure did not occur (0%). Prolapse recurrence was reported in five patients (7.5%). CONCLUSION: Based on our operational result, the trocar-guided mesh implant seems to provide safe and effective outcomes.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Pelvic Organ Prolapse* ; Pelvic Pain ; Postoperative Complications ; Prolapse ; Protestantism ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Mesh ; Urinary Bladder

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and body shape perception and depression. Methods: This study was based on data from 2016, 2018, and 2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The subjects were 7,302 adult female aged 19 to 65. We performed chi-square test with the RaoScott correction and Logistic regression analyses to examine the association among BMI, body shape perception, and depression. Results: All demographic variables such as age, household income, education, marital status, medical service satisfaction, body shape perception, medical conditions except drinking problem, smoking and physical activity were correlated with depression. The rate of depression decreased from underweight to normal weight and overweight, and increased from obesity to severe obesity (p<0.001). And people who perceived themselves thin or overweight had more depression than normal (p<0.001). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that appropriate body mass index and normal body shape perception have a positive effect on mental health.