Roots of manually extracted scalp hairs among 86 healthy Koreans in different age groups were examined microscopically and the proportion of resting hairs to growing hairs were determined with the fol[owing results. 1. The proportion of resting hairs in all age groups was 10. 9% and there was no significant difference between male and female. 2. In each age group the proportion of resting hairs show's difference, being lowest (6. 8%) in below 9 years age group, increasing the rate by increasing the age group, highest (19. 7%) in over 60 years age group. 3. The proportion of resting hairs below the age of 29 years was below 10%, above 30 years to 49 years in between 10% to 15% and over 50 years in between 15% to 20%. 4. The normal range of the proportion of resting hairs among normal Koreans was below 20%.
Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Male ; Neutrophils* ; Reference Values ; Scalp

Nevus comedonicus is a rare skin abnormality characterized by a unilateral and usually linear distribution of groups of comedones, Histologically, local epidermal invagination and keratin material plugging in invaginated pouch and immatured hair follicles on lower part of the pouch were seen. Two cases are reported at first in the Korean literature. Case 1: A 24 year old man has had black colored comedolike skin lesions on left cheek with 16 years duration without any subjective symptoms. Case 2: A 19 year old girl has had multiple comedolike lesions on right buttock with 2 years duration, acompanied by recurrent suppuration and moderate itching. Our 2 cases, all are typical Nevus Comedonicus Unilateralis case in clinically and histopathologically. Treatment with local application of steroid cream and dermoabrasion resulted good effect, but essentially there is no need to treat untill complication deveoped.
Buttocks ; Cheek ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Nevus* ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Skin Abnormalities ; Suppuration ; Young Adult

Three dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship between diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octanes and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (h alpha4beta2 and h alpha3beta4) agonists was studied using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA). From 11 CoMFA and CoMSIA models, CoMSIA with steric and electrostatic fields gave the best predictive models (q2=0.926 and 0.945, r2(ncv)=0.983 and 0.988). This study can be used to develop potent h alpha4beta2 receptor agonists with low activity on h alpha3beta4 subtype.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship ; Receptors, Nicotinic

Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a potentially fatal complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HPSCT) that occurs relatively early after the transplantation. The occurrence of PTLD is usually associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in patients who are treated by aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. PTLD presents as diverse manifestations, ranging from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia to high grade malignant lymphoma. In the present work, we describe a case of PTLD that was successfully treated with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisolone) chemotherapy in a 21-year-old female who received HLA-matched sibling HPSCT for severe aplastic anemia. At 120 days after transplantation, she had symptoms of dysphagia and a foreign body sensation in the throat and was diagnosed as PTLD, diffuse large B cell lymphoma involving a tonsil, cervical lymph nodes, an adrenal gland, and the liver. Three courses of R-CHOP resulted in complete remission.
Adrenal Glands ; Anemia, Aplastic ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Cyclophosphamide ; Deglutition Disorders ; Doxorubicin ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pharynx ; Prednisone ; Pseudolymphoma ; Sensation ; Siblings ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplants ; Vincristine ; Young Adult ; Rituximab

Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a potentially fatal complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HPSCT) that occurs relatively early after the transplantation. The occurrence of PTLD is usually associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in patients who are treated by aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. PTLD presents as diverse manifestations, ranging from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia to high grade malignant lymphoma. In the present work, we describe a case of PTLD that was successfully treated with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisolone) chemotherapy in a 21-year-old female who received HLA-matched sibling HPSCT for severe aplastic anemia. At 120 days after transplantation, she had symptoms of dysphagia and a foreign body sensation in the throat and was diagnosed as PTLD, diffuse large B cell lymphoma involving a tonsil, cervical lymph nodes, an adrenal gland, and the liver. Three courses of R-CHOP resulted in complete remission.
Adrenal Glands ; Anemia, Aplastic ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Cyclophosphamide ; Deglutition Disorders ; Doxorubicin ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pharynx ; Prednisone ; Pseudolymphoma ; Sensation ; Siblings ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplants ; Vincristine ; Young Adult ; Rituximab

BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is defined by symptoms associated with damage to the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. Abnormal sensation in the median nerve territory is one of the primary clinical diagnostic criteria for CTS. However, extramedian sensory abnormalities in CTS are common. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical significance of the paresthesia distribution in CTS. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study involving patients with CTS diagnosed based on the American Academy of Neurology criteria between January 2009 and January 2011. In total, 109 hands of 57 enrolled patients were analyzed. The participants were divided into two groups according to the distribution of sensory abnormalities: (1) sensory symptoms confined to the median nerve distribution (median group), and (2) sensory symptoms distributed diffusely over the entire hand (glove group). Clinical features and electrophysiological findings were investigated by thorough chart reviews. RESULTS: Forty-seven (43.1%) hands belonged to the glove group. The frequency of sensory abnormalities and motor weakness was higher in the median group (38.7 vs 9.7%) than in the glove group (12.8% vs. 0.0%) on neurological examination. The conduction velocities of sensory nerves of the wrist and finger were significantly slower in the median group than in the glove group. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the sensory symptom distribution in CTS may predict the degree of nerve damage, with sensory abnormality restricted to the median nerve distribution reflecting more severe nerve damage in CTS.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurology ; Paresthesia ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensation ; Wrist

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although inpatient hematology consultations have recently increased, the reasons for consultation, as well as the impact of inpatient hematologic consultations, are not clear. Therefore, we assessed patient profiles, the reasons for hematology consultations, and diagnoses at our hospital. METHODS: We evaluated 177 consecutive patients with hematology problems seen between March 2004 and February 2005. For each, we assessed the reason for the consultation, patient diagnosis, and outcome. RESULTS: Of 28,854 inpatients in our hospital, 177 (0.6%) required consultations for hematology problems. Of these 177 inpatients, 85 (48%) were male and 92 (52%) were female; their median age was 55 years (range 16-85 years), with the most frequent age group being patients 61-70 years old. Hematology consultations were requested by the neurosurgery (25%), general surgery (11%), internal medicine (10%), neurology (10%), and orthopedics (9%) departments. The most common reasons for consultation were anemia (29%), thrombocytopenia (21%), pancytopenia/bicytopenia (16%), coagulation abnormalities (14%), and thrombocytosis (5%). In one-third of these consultations, the hematologic abnormality was detected after admission and most were resolved successfully. The most common cause of anemia was iron deficiency (43%). Drug-induced thrombocytopenia and pancytopenia were also common (20%), and were thought to be due to anticonvulsants and antibiotics. Bone marrow examination was required in 19 patients (11%). Careful examination detected bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract, or liver or hematologic diseases, such as chronic myeloproliferative disorders, in some of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although it provides a small cross-sectional survey of the types of patient and problems seen by hematologists during in-patient consultations, this information may help to improve patient care and the quality of hematology consultations.
Anemia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anticonvulsants ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hematologic Diseases ; Hematology ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Internal Medicine ; Iron ; Liver ; Male ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Neurology ; Neurosurgery ; Orthopedics ; Pancytopenia ; Patient Care ; Referral and Consultation ; Thrombocytopenia ; Thrombocytosis

Instant noodle is one of the most popular foods in Korea. The objective of this study was to examine the association of instant noodle consumption and food and nutrient intake among children and teenagers in Korea. We used dietary data from 24-h recall of 1,748 subjects aged 7-19 years who participated in the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Those who consumed instant noodle once or more during the survey period were categorized as "instant noodle consumer (INC)" and were compared for food and nutrient intakes with the others (non-INC). The average age of the INC was 13.4 and that of the non-INC was 12.4; girls consumed more instant noodles than boys (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in BMI between the two groups. With the exception of grains, as compared to the non-INC, the INC consumed significantly less amounts of potatoes, vegetables, mush-rooms, fruits, spices, seafood, and milk and dairy products. With respect to nutrient intakes, the INC-group showed significantly higher nutrient intakes of energy, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, thiamine, and riboflavin; however, as compared to the non-INC-group, the INC-group showed significantly less intakes of calcium, niacin, and vitamin C. The overall result suggests that consuming instant noodles may lead to excessive intake of fat and sodium, but it may cause an increased intake of thiamine and riboflavin. Therefore, nutrition education that helps children and teenagers choose a balanced meal while consuming instant noodle should be carried out. In addition, manufactures of instant noodles should consider nutritional aspects in product development processes.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Child ; Dairy Products ; Edible Grain ; Fruit ; Humans ; Korea ; Meals ; Milk ; Niacin ; Nutrition Surveys ; Riboflavin ; Seafood ; Sodium ; Solanum tuberosum ; Spices ; Thiamine ; Vegetables

BACKGROUND: A rate of traffic accidents by elderly drivers increased by 70% between 2011 and 2015 in Korea. Elderly drivers with cognitive impairment are more susceptible to be involved traffic accidents than cognitively normal individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of driving-related cognition and cognitive impairment in drivers over the age of 60 using the standardized program developed by the Road Traffic Authority (RTA). METHODS: Current drivers older than 60 years were recruited for the study. All participants were tested using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT)-copy, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) for cognitive function assessments. The driving aptitude test (DAT) for the elderly developed by RTA consists of 4 different tasks including speed and distance driving tests (SD), visuospatial memory driving tests (VM), sustained attention driving tests (SA), and divided attention driving tests (DA). The participants were divided into two groups by their MMSE score (normal cognition, CN; cognitive impairment, CI). RESULTS: One hundred fourteen participants were enrolled in the study and 57 of them were assigned to the CI group. In comparison, drivers in CI showed worse scores at DSST, SD, VM, and DA than those in CN. DSST and DA were worsened with increasing age. DSST was the best predictive assessment to be the risk or caution grade in DAT. CONCLUSIONS: We could find a correlation between DAT and cognitive function in drivers over the age 60. These results could be used as the basis of investigating optimal tools for decreasing driving risks in the cognitive impaired elderly.
Accidents, Traffic ; Aged ; Aptitude Tests ; Cognition Disorders ; Cognition ; Humans ; Korea ; Memory

Non-islet cell tumor-induced hypoglycemia (NICTH) is associated with mesenchymal tumor types, including hemangiopericytoma, fibrosarcoma, mesothelioma, and neurofibroma, as well as carcinoma of the liver, adrenal glands, and kidneys. Non-islet cell tumors induce hypoglycemia by overproducing an abnormal form of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II). Complete removal of the tumor or reduction of the tumor mass is a successful therapeutic strategy in cases of NICTH. However, if the tumor re-grows, curative resection is nearly impossible, and hypoglycemia occurs repeatedly. Glucocorticoids are effective in terms of long-term relief from hypoglycemia through promotion of gluconeogenesis in the liver, tumor suppression, production of 'big'-IGF-II, and correction of the attendant biochemical abnormalities involving the growth hormone (GH)-IGF axis. We found that administration of corticosteroid therapy to a patient suffering from NICTH resulted in improvement of hypoglycemia associated symptoms.
Adrenal Glands ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Fibrosarcoma ; Glucocorticoids ; Gluconeogenesis ; Growth Hormone ; Hemangiopericytoma ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; Kidney ; Liver ; Mesothelioma ; Neurofibroma ; Prednisolone ; Stress, Psychological