No abstract available.
Humans ; Token Economy*

No abstract available.
Drinking*

No abstract available.
Neurofibromatoses*

The cryopreservation of Red Blood Cells has many advantages of which the most important one is that it can be stored for a long period. However, in Korea, Research regarding frozen blood is still in its early stage. We evaluated the effects of transfusion of the frozen-thawed RBCs in dogs. The whole bloods were collected from 5 dogs, and the packed RBCs were obtained by centrifugation method. We made the frozen RBCs by using 40% glycerol method and stored it in -80 degrees C refrigerate for 1 month. The frozen RBCs were thawed in the 37 degrees C water bath and washed by Cell washer according to the standard protocol, and evaluated the status of them being compared with that of the unfrozen. The majorirty of the results were satisfactory to the allowable limit except high plasma hemoglobin and potassium. The frozen-thawed bloods were transfused to the two dogs and carefully observed the effects and its complications. The results were that the average value of the hemoglobin was elevated about 0.6g/dL more after transfusion than before, and there were no significant complication related to the transfusion. Thus, The frozen thawed blood transfusions in case of the experiment with dogs were proved to be safe and as effective as fresh blood, and The above method appeared to be feasible to human blood.
Animals ; Baths ; Blood Transfusion ; Centrifugation ; Cryopreservation ; Dogs* ; Erythrocytes ; Glycerol ; Humans ; Korea ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Water

No abstract available.
Animals ; Antibiotics, Antifungal/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunosuppression/*methods ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; *Transduction, Genetic

BACKGROUND: There is no appropriate in vivo animal model that reflects the inflammatory response of human acne. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of Propionibacterium acnes on the development of inflammatory acne-like lesions in four mouse strains with different degrees of immune response for the development of an optimal mouse model of inflammatory acne. METHODS: Human P. acnes suspensions (10(8) and 10(9) colony forming unit [CFU]/microl) were injected into the backs of HR-1, BALB/c, vitamin D receptor-knockout (VDR k/o), and severe combined immunodeficiency disease mice. Inflammation levels were evaluated two weeks after injection of P. acnes suspensions. In addition, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the expressions of inflammatory biomarkers (i.e., CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase, interleukin-1beta, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, LL-37, and integrin alpha6) were performed on tissue specimens. RESULTS: The HR-1 mouse strain exhibited the most remarkable inflammatory reaction with epithelial proliferation and microcomedone-like cyst formation. HR-1 mice also demonstrated aberrant integrin expression in the epidermis around both inflamed lesions and newly formed microcomedones. These findings were more prominent in the group receiving 10(9) CFU/microl P. acnes than 10(8) CFU/microl. MMP-9 expression in HR-1 mice was also upregulated around the microcomedone-like cysts. Finally, expression levels of TLR-2 and LL-37 were higher in HR-1 and BALB/c mice than the VDR k/o and SCID mice strains. CONCLUSION: P. acnes induces acneiform inflammation with small microcomedones in HR-1 mice. Therefore, the HR-1 mouse strain represents a good candidate for the development of a new inflammatory acne mouse model.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-1beta ; Mice* ; Mice, SCID ; Models, Animal ; Neutrophils ; Peroxidase ; Propionibacterium acnes ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ; Stem Cells ; Suspensions ; T-Lymphocytes ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Vitamin D

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine the levels of depression symptoms among the community elderlies and to reveal its related factors, specifically aimed at revealing psycho-social factors such as social support net-work, sense of self-esteem, state anxiety, interpersonal behavior trait and locus of control. METHODS: The interviews were performed during the period from April 1st to June 30th, 2007 to the 790 elderlies in urban and rural areas. RESULTS: The mean scores of depression (CES-D) among all subjects were 16.65+/-10.97(urban: 18.81+/-10.31, rural: 14.49+/-11.20) and they were higher in urban than rural. The level of depression symptoms was influenced by the variables of educational level, with or without spouse, bear for living expenses, sense of satisfaction in daily life. As for health related behaviors, they were influenced by the variables of with or without regular exercise. As for health status, they were influenced by the subjective health status, with or without disability of body, visual acuity, hearing ability, ability of food mastication, urinary incontinence, with or without help in activity of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL). As for social support net-work and social activities, they were influenced by number of offspring, frequency of offspring contents, frequency of going out and activity of hobbies. As for psycho-social factors, they were influenced by sense of self-esteem, state anxiety and social support, especially, the level of depression symptoms was higher influenced by the variables of psycho-social factors than other variables. CONCLUSIONS: Lower of the level of depression symptoms among the community elderlies would require development and application of programs to keep under management psycho-social factors as well as looking for ways to promoting the present health status.
Aged ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Hearing ; Hobbies ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Mastication ; Self Concept ; Spouses ; Urinary Incontinence ; Ursidae ; Visual Acuity

Protothecosis is a rare skin infection caused by pathogenic algae of the genus Prototheca, especially Prototheca wickerhamii. It is widely distributed throughout the natural world in tree, river, lake, sewage, soil, marsh, household waste, etc. A 79-year-old woman presented with ill-defined edematous and erythematous patches with various sized and shaped deep ulcers on both dorsal hands and left distal forearm for 1 month. The left forearm was initially injured by scratching due to pruritus and insidiously aggravated. Biopsy specimen revealed the characteristic morula-like sporangias containing multiple endospores in the dermis. The GMS and D-PAS stains highlighted the characteristic spores showing multiple internal septations and some unicellular endospore. P. wickerhamii was isolated in culture and identified by biochemical studies. Oral itraconazole 200 mg/day administration for 7 weeks resulted in marked improvement of the skin lesion.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Coloring Agents ; Dermis ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Forearm ; Hand ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; Lakes ; Prototheca ; Pruritus ; Rivers ; Sewage ; Skin ; Soil ; Sporangia ; Spores ; Ulcer ; Wetlands

No abstract available.
Exophiala* ; Phaeohyphomycosis*

No abstract available.
Forehead* ; Hyaluronic Acid* ; Nose*