1.Effects of Cycloheximide and Dexamethasone on Fas - Mediated Apopthsis in Primary Human Astrocytes.
Chulhee CHOI ; In Hong CHOI ; Kyoon HUH
Korean Journal of Immunology 1999;21(4):361-368
Astrocytes are major glial cells in central nervous system (CNS) and are known to express death receptors or ligands that can induce apoptosis of astrocytes or other brain cells. We have previously confirmed that cultured human astrocytes express fas and fas ligand and their expression may be regulated by various cytokines found in CNS. Because fas can rnediate cell death known as apoptosis, we investigated fas-mediated cell death in cultured human astrocytes and evaluated factors that may influence the fas-mediated apoptosis in astrocytes. Pretreatment of interferon-r and TNF-a increased cell death in astrocytes. Cell death induced by fas ligation was confirmed as apoptosis by phosphatidylserine translocation in cell membrane. Cycloheximide, protein synthesis inhibitor, potentiated fas-mediated cell death. However, buthionine sulfoxine did not potentiate fas-mediated apoptosis. Dexamethasone blocked cell death in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. These findings collectively show that fas expressed on cultured human fetal astrocytes can induce apoptotic cell death after pretreatment of interferon-r and/or TNF-a. Therefore, the fas-fas ligand system in CNS may regulate the glial degeneration and may participate the neuronal loss in certain conditions. Furthermore, fas-mediated apoptosis of astrocytes can be potentiated by protein synthesis inhibitors and can be blocked by dexamethasone.
Apoptosis
;
Astrocytes*
;
Brain
;
Cell Death
;
Cell Membrane
;
Central Nervous System
;
Cycloheximide*
;
Cytokines
;
Dexamethasone*
;
Fas Ligand Protein
;
Humans*
;
Ligands
;
Ligation
;
Neuroglia
;
Neurons
;
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
;
Receptors, Death Domain
;
Signal Transduction
2.A Case of Atypical Benign Partial Epilepsy of Childhood Cured by Steroid.
Ok Joon KIM ; Yun Joong KIM ; Kyoon HUH
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 1995;13(4):1031-1037
Benign partial epilepsy of childhood is the most common type of epilepsy in school-aged children and is typically well controlled with antiepileptic drug, thus having an excellent prognosis. Recently, we have encountered one case of atypical benign partial epilepsy of childhood with the following atypical clinical and EEG features : predominant atypical absence seizure in addition to partial motor seizure, unusual awake EEG tracings of focal sharp waves in the frontocentrotemporal location, while the sleep tracings showed nearly continuous slow spike and wave activity. The administration of various antiepileptic drugs adversely provoked a drowsy mental state without seizure control. The patient dramatically improved after steroid therapy.
Anticonvulsants
;
Child
;
Electroencephalography
;
Epilepsies, Partial*
;
Epilepsy
;
Epilepsy, Absence
;
Humans
;
Prognosis
;
Seizures
3.A Case of Early Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis.
Ok Joon KIM ; Su Il JUN ; Kyoon HUH
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 1995;13(4):1011-1016
The neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a group of progressive,. Inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the deposition of large numbers o autofluorescent cytosomes in most tissues. Based on the age at onset, clinical presentation, and morphological findings, NCL is divided into four subgroups: infantile, late inf antile, juvenile and adult types. Late inf antile NCL is characterized by age of onset 2.5-4 years, early seizure, frequent myoclonic jerk, late visual failure, whereas juvenile NCL by age of onset 4-7 years, early visual failure, late seizure, infrequent myoclonic jerks. We experienced unusual form of NCL as diagnosed by tissue biopsy. The patient is a 11 years old with a mixture form of juvenile and late infantile NCL, being called early juvenile NCL.
Adult
;
Age of Onset
;
Biopsy
;
Child
;
Humans
;
Myoclonus
;
Neurodegenerative Diseases
;
Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses*
;
Seizures
4.Neurologic complications in renal transplant recipients.
Seung Han SUK ; Kyoon HUH ; Yoo Sun KIM ; Ki Il PARK
The Journal of the Korean Society for Transplantation 1993;7(1):187-192
No abstract available.
Transplantation*
5.A Case of Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Bioccipital Scotosensitive Epileptiform Discharges.
Jang Sung KIM ; Byung In LEE ; Kyoon HUH
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 1990;8(2):357-361
This is a case of a 10 year-old primary schoolgirl who showed two episodes of generalized convulsive epileptic seizure during the past one year. Physical and neurologic examination reveaIed no significant abnormality. There was no abnormal finding in Brain CT scan. Electroencephalographic study showed continuous bioccipital scotosensitive sharp-and-slow wvave discharges: appearing in 1) eye-closing state(either passive or active) in room light 2) either eye-closing or eye-opening state in darkness 3) seeing the vacant space 2 m beside a small light 3 m ahead of the patient, but disappearing in 1) eye-opening state in lighted room 2) seeing a small light either in darkness or in lighted room. Intermittent photic stimulation or hyperventilation revealed no unusual response.
Brain
;
Child
;
Darkness
;
Epilepsy*
;
Humans
;
Hyperventilation
;
Neurologic Examination
;
Photic Stimulation
;
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
6.A Case of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Associated with Ticlopidine.
Myung Cheol BAE ; Jang Wook KIM ; Eun Ah JANG ; Kyoon HUH
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 2000;18(4):512-514
Ticlopidine, a widely used antiplatelet agent, has been rarely reported to cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). To the best of our knowledge, its occurrence has never before been reported in Korea. A 69 years old female patient suffered from an acute ischemic stroke. Ticlopidine 250mg bid was started and she followed an uneventful clin-ical course. The platelet count was normal on the 1st and the 12th day of ticlopidine administration. Around the 31st day, at home, she developed purpura, dyspnea and a stuporous mental status. Under the diagnosis of TTP, a plasma exchange was performed and her condition eventually returned to the baseline status. Ticlopidine induced TTP can developed abruptly despite close monitoring of platelet count, as illustrated by this case. Physicians prescribing ticlopi-dine should be aware of this potentially dangerous complication.
Aged
;
Diagnosis
;
Dyspnea
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Plasma Exchange
;
Platelet Count
;
Purpura
;
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic*
;
Stroke
;
Stupor
;
Ticlopidine*
7.Protective Effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 Against beta Amyloid ( 25-35 )-Induced Neurotoxicity on B103 cells.
Eun Ah LEE ; In Soo JOO ; Kyoon HUH ; In Hee MOOK
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 1999;17(5):688-693
BACKGROUND: Ginseng extracts, known to enhance bodily functions including learning and memory, were reported to have in vitro neuroprotective activity in vitro. Here We demonstrate the possible therapeutic effects of ginsenosides on the cell culture model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We tested whether Rb1 or Rg1 , major components of ginseng saphonins, protects neuronal cells from the toxic effect of beta-amyloid (Abeta), which is regarded to be the main neurotoxic substrate in the AD. METHOD: B103 cells, rat brain-derived neuronal cells, were cultured and the extent of neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides on the cytotoxicity induced by exogenous Abeta25-35 was were measured by MTT assay. RESULTS: Treatment of Rb1 and Rg1 at various concentrations (l0nM, 50nM, and 1 micrometer, respectively) in B103 cells did not show any dose-dependent neurotoxic effects. Rg1 (1 micrometer) significantly blocked the neurotoxic effect of Abeta2 5 - 3 5 (50 micrometer)(P<0.05). Rb1 at concentration of 1 micrometer also had some neuroprotective effects, but not as effective as Rg1 . These neuroprotective effects are comparable to the one of estrogen (1.8nM). CONCLUSIONS: This experiment suggests the potential beneficial effects of ginseng in the treatment of AD.
Alzheimer Disease
;
Amyloid*
;
Animals
;
Cell Culture Techniques
;
Estrogens
;
Ginsenosides
;
Learning
;
Memory
;
Neurons
;
Neuroprotective Agents
;
Panax
;
Rats
8.Analysis of 25 Vesicoureteral Reflux Patients.
Chung Kyoon HUH ; Sung Won KWON
Korean Journal of Urology 1986;27(6):891-895
Vesicoureteral reflux is closely associated with urinary tract infection and if persisted, will result in impairment of renal function. So, early detection and proper treatment are necessary. To looking for the reason of taking voiding cystourethrogram under the impression of vesicoureteral reflux among the patients who visit urologic out-patient department and to study the success rates of medical and surgical management, we reviewed 25 vesicoureteral reflux patients(36 ureters) from January, 1983 to August, 1986 in Ewha Woman`s University Hospital. The following results were obtained: 1. Among 25 patients, 18 were children. 2. Symptoms and signs on initial visit were fever, urinary frequency, flank pain, gross hematuria, abdominal mass in sequence and fever with urinary frequency was most common. 3. Normal findings on IVP in 15 among 25 patients and abnormal findings in 10 were noted. 4. 22 of 36 refluxing ureters were under grade IV. 5. Rates of disappearance of vesicoureteral reflux in medical and surgical management were 60%, 95%, receptively.
Child
;
Fever
;
Flank Pain
;
Hematuria
;
Humans
;
Outpatients
;
Ureter
;
Urinary Tract Infections
;
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*
9.Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: MRI findings.
Joon Hong LEE ; Beung In LEE ; Kyoon HUH
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 1995;13(1):123-126
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension(SIH) is a rare syndrome of spontaneous postural cephalalgia associated with low CSF pressure and usually without evidence of CSF leakage from meningeal defect due to dural puncture. The postural headache may appear suddenly or gradually and disappear within several weeks spontaneously. MRI findings maybe include diffuse symmetric pachymeningeal gadolinium-enhancement, also subdural effusion and downward brain displacement. We report two cases of SIH in which MRI of the brain reveals diffuse symmetric pachyme-ningeal enhancement.
Brain
;
Headache
;
Intracranial Hypotension*
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
;
Punctures
;
Subdural Effusion
10.A Case of Midbrain Infarction Presenting with Dysarthria.
Sun Ah PARK ; In Soo JU ; Kyoon HUH
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 1996;14(2):654-656
The common causal lesions of pure dysarthria syndrome were known as anterior or posterior internal capsule, genu of internal capsule, adjacent corona radiata, or pons. And there are a few reports showed that bilateral small thalamic infarctions or paravermal cerebellar infarction also caused pure dysarthria. The rostral cerebellum, especially paravermal region is thought to have a major role in coordination of speech. The paravermal region is Intimately connected to caudal red nucleus. We report a patient with acute dysarthria and minlmal contralateral limb ataxia, in whom the causal lesion was in caudal red nucleus and superior part of decussation of brachium conjunctivum.
Ataxia
;
Cerebellum
;
Dysarthria*
;
Humans
;
Infarction*
;
Internal Capsule
;
Mesencephalon*
;
Pons
;
Red Nucleus