No abstract available.
Adenoma* ; Colorectal Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Carcinogenesis* ; Colorectal Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: Despite appropriate preventive measures, measles outbreaks occurred in the year of 1989-1990 and 1994 in Korea. Especially, the ratio of young infantile patients below 15 months old was high in those outbreaks, and the reason was, we thought, low serum level of measles specific IgG antibody in pregnant women and low transplacental transfer rate of measles specific IgG antibody to neonate. This study was performed to evaluate the serum level of measles specific IgG antibody in term pregnant women- neonate pairs. METHODS: During Oct. 1. 1994 to Mar. 31. 1995, we collected the 44 paired sera of term pregnant women and their neonate(umbilical cord) in Anam hospital of Korea university medical center and then we measured the measles specific IgG antibody using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA: Sigma Diagnostics, SIATM Measles IgG Kit). RESULTS: 1) There was close relationship between maternal and neonatal umbilical cord sera in the level of measles specific IgG antibody(r=0.9288, p<0.001). 2) The mean antibody level of neonates was higher than that of mothers by 1.4 times (p<0.05). 3) The seropositivity of measles specific IgG antibody in term pregnant women was 45.5%(20/44) and that of neonatal umbilical cord was 56.8%(25/44). CONCLUSIONS: Above results demonstrates that the seropositivities and levels of measles specific IgG antibody in term pregnant women and neonates were lower than expected value and partially explain the reasons for the recent measles epidemic in Korea.
Academic Medical Centers ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Measles* ; Mothers ; Pregnant Women* ; Umbilical Cord*

PURPOSE: Various surgical techniques target achieving adequate keratinized tissue around dental implants; however, these techniques are usually performed before implant placement or upon the exposure of submerged implants. The aim of this case report is to describe a simultaneous placement of an interpositional free gingival graft (iFGG) with that of nonsubmerged implants in a patient lacking keratinized tissue and to assess the long-term outcome of this grafted gingiva. METHODS: A wedge-shaped free gingnival graft (FGG), including an epithelium-connective tissue (E-C) portion and a connective-tissue-only (CT) portion, was harvested from the palate. The CT portion was inserted under the buccal flap, and the E-C portion was secured tightly around the implants and to the lingual flap. RESULTS: At the 8-year follow-up, the gingival graft remained firmly attached and was well maintained, with no conspicuous shrinkage or reported discomfort during oral hygiene procedures. The use of an iFGG at a nonsubmerged implant placement minimizes the required number of surgical steps and patient discomfort while providing adequate buccal keratinized tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the technique could be considered an alternative method in increasing the keratinized tissue for cases that have a minimal amount of keratinized tissue.
Dental Implants ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Oral Hygiene ; Palate ; Transplants*

OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children under age 24 months has characteristic features because the brain at this age is rapidly growing and sutures are opened. Moreover, children this age are completely dependent on their parents. We analyzed the demographic data and risk factors for outcomes in TBI patients in this age group to elucidate their clinical characteristics. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and radiological films of children under 24 months who were admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 2004 to December 2013 for TBI. Specifically, we analyzed age, cause of injury, initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, radiological diagnosis, seizure, hydrocephalus, subdural hygroma, and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score, and we divided outcomes into good (GOS 4–5) or poor (GOS 1–3). We identified the risk factors for post-traumatic seizure (PTS) and outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The total number of patients was 60, 39 males and 21 females. Most common age group was between 0 to 5 months, and the median age was 6 months. Falls were the most common cause of injury (n=29, 48.3%); among them, 15 were falls from household furniture such as beds and chairs. Ten patients (16.7%) developed PTS, nine in one week; thirty-seven patients (61.7%) had skull fractures. Forty-eight patients had initial GCS scores of 13–15, 8 had scores of 12–8, and 4 had scored 3–7. The diagnoses were as follows: 26 acute subdural hematomas, 8 acute epidural hematomas, 7 focal contusional hemorrhages, 13 subdural hygromas, and 4 traumatic intracerebral hematomas larger than 2 cm in diameter. Among them, two patients underwent craniotomy for hematoma removal. Four patients were victims of child abuse, and all of them had PTS. Fifty-five patients improved to good-to-moderate disability. Child abuse, acute subdural hematoma, and subdural hygroma were risk factors for PTS in univariate analyses. Multivariate analysis found that the salient risk factor for a poor outcome was initial GCS on admission. CONCLUSION: The most common cause of traumatic head injury in individuals aged less than 24 months was falls, especially from household furniture. Child abuse, moderate to severe TBI, acute subdural hematoma, and subdural hygroma were risk factors for PTS. Most of the patients recovered with good outcomes, and the risk factor for a poor outcome was initial mental status.
Accidental Falls ; Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Child Abuse ; Child* ; Contusions ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Craniotomy ; Demography ; Diagnosis ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Interior Design and Furnishings ; Male ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parents ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Seizures* ; Skull Fractures ; Subdural Effusion ; Sutures

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean is gradually increasing. Metabolic syndrome shows different patterns depending on gender and socioeconomic status. We investigated the differences in incidence of metabolic syndrome according to gender and socioeconomic status using a community cohort of middle-aged Korean. METHODS: The study included 5,544 subjects (2,733 men and 2,811 women) aged 40-69 years without metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or history of cardiovascular disease at baseline. The incidence of metabolic syndrome was estimated according to gender and socioeconomic status, and the association between socioeconomic status and incidence of metabolic syndrome was examined using Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis. RESULTS: The incidence density of metabolic syndrome was 53/1,000 person-years in men and 52/1,000 person-years in women during the mean follow-up period of 6.01 years. After adjusting for common risk factors, the hazard ratios (HRs) for metabolic syndrome for those with high, middle, and elementary school education levels compared to the college graduate or higher group (referent) were 1.07 (95% CI, 0.76-1.51), 1.73 (95% CI, 1.23-2.44), and 1.74 (95% CI, 1.23-2.46) in women, respectively, and compared to the more than 400 (10,000 won) group (referent), the HRs for metabolic syndrome according to income level were 1.56 (95% CI, 1.06-2.29), 1.86 (95% CI, 1.28-2.71), and 2.74 (95% CI, 1.87-4.00) in women, respectively. However, the association between socioeconomic status and incidence of metabolic syndrome was not significant in men. CONCLUSION: The association between incident metabolic syndrome and socioeconomic status was significant in middle-aged Korean women.
Adult ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cohort Studies ; Education ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Social Class

Danon disease is characterized clinically by the triad of cardiomyopathy, myopathy and mental retardation. It was originally reported as a lysosomal glycogen storage disease with normal acid maltase by Danon. Danon disease results from mutations in lysosome associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2) gene. The LAMP-2 gene is located on Xq24-25. We report a case of suspected Danon disease in patient who had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mental retardation along with abnormal findings in electromyography.
alpha-Glucosidases ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Glycogen Storage Disease ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type IIb ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Lysosomes ; Membranes ; Muscular Diseases

BACKGROUND: The non-invasive differentiation of ischemic and nonischemic acute heart failure (AHF) not resulting from acute myocardial infarction is difficult and has therapeutic and prognostic implications. The aim of this study was to assess whether resting myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) can detect coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with decreased left ventricular (LV) systolic function and global hypokinesis presenting with AHF. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive patients underwent low-power real-time MCE based on color-coded pulse inversion Doppler. Standard apical LV views were acquired during contrast IV infusion of Definity(R). Following transient microbubbles destruction, the contrast replenishment rate (beta), reflecting myocardial blood flow velocity, was derived by plotting signal intensity vs. time and fitting data to the exponential function: y (t) = A (1 - e(-beta(t-t0))) + C. RESULTS: Of the 21 (mean age 56.6 +/- 13.6 years) patients, 5 (23.8%) demonstrated flow-limiting CAD (> 70% of luminal diameter narrowing). The mean +/- standard deviation of LV ejection fraction was 29.6 +/- 8.6%. Quantitative MCE analysis was feasible in 258 of 378 segments (68.3%). There were no significant difference in "beta" and "Abeta" in patients without and with CAD (0.48 +/- 0.27 vs. 0.45 +/- 0.25, p = 0.453 for beta and 2.99 +/- 2.23 vs. 3.68 +/- 3.13, p = 0.059 for Abeta, respectively). No contrast-related side effects were reported. CONCLUSION: Resting quantitative MCE analysis in patients with AHF was feasible, however, the parameters did not aid in detecting of CAD.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Disease ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography* ; Heart Failure* ; Humans ; Microbubbles ; Myocardial Infarction ; Phenobarbital ; Pilot Projects*

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the spontaneous healing capacity of surgically produced cranial defects in rabbits with different healing periods in order to determine the critical size defect (CSD) of the rabbit cranium. METHODS: Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Defects of three sizes (6, 8, and 11 mm) were created in each of 16 randomly selected rabbits, and 15-mm defects were created individually in another 16 rabbits. The defects were analyzed using radiography, histologic analysis, and histometric analysis after the animal was sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks postoperatively. Four samples were analyzed for each size of defect and each healing period. RESULTS: The radiographic findings indicated that defect filling gradually increased over time and that smaller defects were covered with a greater amount of radiopaque substance. Bony islands were observed at 8 weeks at the center of the defect in both histologic sections and radiographs. Histometrical values show that it was impossible to determine the precise CSD of the rabbit cranium. However, the innate healing capacity that originates from the defect margin was found to be constant regardless of the defect size. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained for the spontaneous healing capacity of rabbit cranial defects over time and the underlying factors may provide useful guidelines for the development of a rabbit cranial model for in vivo investigations of new bone materials.
Animals ; Islands ; Rabbits ; Research Design ; Skull ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: Risk-taking behaviors are defined as patterns of behavior initiated during adolescence which are responsible for the majority of negative health outcomes occurring during the rest of the life. The study was to explore the relationship between the risk-taking behaviors and their predisposing factors among adolescents. METHODS: The study used a survey design with an anonymous self-report questionnaire administered to 1,076 students from first year of middle school to first year of high school in Ansan City. The questions were constructed from nine risk-taking behaviors of independent variables including smoking, alcohol, drug abuse, adaptation at school, use of computer, sexual behavior, vehicle use, suicide, school violence and eight predisposing factors of school grade, gender, academic ranking, academic achievement of the mother, socioeconomic status, living with both parents, religion of the student and the mother. The data was analysed by the statistical methods of X(2) test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The study revealed that the combination of the independent variables of the risk-taking behaviors to have a close association(P<0.05) with the predisposing factors. CONCLUSION: School grades, socioeconomic status, academic rankings, final educational level of the mother and living with both parents were factors strongly correlating with risky behaviors. The role of the clinician to identify those at risk is fundamental for health maintenance long after adolescence.
Adolescent* ; Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Causality* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk-Taking* ; Sexual Behavior ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Class ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Suicide ; Violence