Background: Univent(R) tube was designed to overcome the disadvantages of double lumen endotracheal tube for one lung anesthesia. But overinflation of the blocker cuff of an endobronchial tube can cause pressure damage to the bronchus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the blocker cuff pressure and the duration of ballooning using the Univent(R) tube is correlated with the degree of bronchial mucosal damage (BMD). Methods: A total of 13 men and 7 women intubated with the Univent(R) tube were enrolled for the study. The BMD were evaluated by direct visualization using fiberoptic bronchoscopy prior to intubation and following extubation and the degree of the BMD were scored from 0 to 4 as follows; 0: normal, 1: erythema, 2: swelling, 3: hemorrhage, 4: mucosal wall tearing. Results: No change in bronchial mucosa (score 0) were observed in 11 patients (55%), erythema (score 1) in 5 patients (25%), swelling (score 2) in 3 patients (15%), hemorrhage (score 3) in 1 patient (5%) and mucosal wall tearing (score 4) is none in 20 patients. The bronchial blocker cuff pressure required to "just sealing" the bronchus was 178.1+/-37.4 mmHg with corresponding cuff volume of 6.7+/-1.0 cc. The duration of ballooning was 115.5+/-26.4 min. The correlation coefficient between the blocker cuff pressure and duration of ballooning to the degree of bronchial mucosal damage were 0.125 and 0.137, respectively, which was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The bronchial blocker of Univent(R) tube doesn't cause any severe BMD and the degree of BMD are correlated with neither the bronchial blocker cuff pressure nor duration of ballooning of Univent(R) tube.
Anesthesia ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Erythema ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intubation ; Lung ; Male ; Mucous Membrane

This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection in drug abusers. The subjects were 141 inpatients who had been admitted to a general hospital with the symptoms and signs of methamphetamine intoxication. Seroprevalence of antibody to the hepatitis C virus(anti-HCV) was 60.3%,(85/141) and it was higher in the group with increased frequency and duration of drug abuse, but such a relationship was not found in the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg). These findings suggested the possibility of high prevalence of HCV infection in methamphetamine abusers, and the importance of repetitive percutaneous injection in the transmission of HCV infection.
Drug Users ; Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Methamphetamine* ; Prevalence ; Seroepidemiologic Studies* ; Substance-Related Disorders

No abstract available.
Alcoholics* ; Humans ; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease*

Juvenile xanthogranuloma is characterized by one, or oftener many, yellow, re3dish yellow, or, brown 4-to-20 mm papules or nodules on the face, scalp, trunk, and mostly, extensor surfaces. It may involve internal organ besides the skin such as eye, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. anthogranuloma in adult is usually solitary and dose not involve organs other than skin, and generally dose ncit resolve without treatment. Histopathologically, characteristic Touton giant cells usually appear numerously. We report a case of juvenile xanthogranulorna which occured on scalp of 49 year-old male showing typical clinical and histopathological findings.
Adult* ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Scalp* ; Skin ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile

In systemic rheumatic disease, marker antibodies such as anti-Sm, anti Scl-70 and anti Jo-1 are helpful in the diagnosis of disease, but in rheumatoid arthritis, the diagnosis is difficult due to the low sensitivity and specificity of the rheumatoid factor(RF). So, a new maker antibody with high sensitivity and specificity was needed. Recently, the antiperi- nuclear factor(APF) has gained particular attention. The results of the APF and RF test in 165 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 77 patients with osteoarthritis, and 109 normal healthy persons, which were taken between January, 1994 through December 1994 were as follows; 1. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of positivity of the RF test in patients with rheumatoid arthritis were 58.2%, 93.5%, and 95.0%, and that of the APF test were 72.1%, 94.6% and 92.2%, respectively. 2. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of positivity when combining the APF with the RF were 83.0%, 85.7%, and 92.6%, respectively. 3. The disease status of the patients correlated with intensity of the APF test, that is, the more severe the disease status, the higher intensity. In conclusion, the APF was useful in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, and may be used as an indicator of disease status. When combining test the APF with RF, the incidence of sero-negative rheumatoid arthritis decreased.
Antibodies ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Osteoarthritis ; Rheumatic Diseases ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: To compare the lamina cribrosa thickness in fellow eyes of patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with the normal control eyes and the type of RVO. METHODS: This study included 40 patients with unilateral RVO and 45 normal control subjects. We compared the lamina cribrosa thickness between the RVO eyes and the fellow eyes, the fellow eyes and the normal control eyes and the type of RVO eyes. We measured central lamina thickness using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: In patients with unilateral RVO, central lamina cribrosa thickness was not significantly different between the RVO eyes (211.33 microm) and the fellow eyes (204.13 microm; p = 0.202). However, central lamina cribrosa thickness in the fellow eyes was significantly reduced compared with the normal control eyes (217.76 microm; p = 0.046). Central lamina cribrosa thickness in the fellow eyes according to the type of RVO was not statistically significantly different (p = 0.672). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the central lamina cribrosa thickness in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral RVO was thinner than in normal patients. Therefore, the lamina cribrosa thickness may be associated with RVO as well as glaucoma.
Glaucoma ; Humans ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

No abstract available.
Cholera* ; Korea*

When the corneal endothelium is injured by intraocular surgery, corneal edema occurs above the threshold level. Preoperative examination of corneal endothelium is valuable in prediction the degree of transparency of the cornea. We conducted this study to elucidate what factors affect corneal endothelial cells in performing the cataract extraction and IOL insertion and what is necessary to minimize the corneal endothelial damage. We performed pacoemulsification and IOL insertion in guttata patients, and preoperative and postoperative endothelial examination was done by using specuar microscope and pachymeter. Although the mean of endothelial cell density was diminished from 1498.7cells/mm2 to 1301cells/mm2 after operation. visible edema was not detected by slit lamp examination and visual acuity was improved from 0.15 to 0.48. The older the patient`s age, the longer the time of phaceemulsification; as the ages of the patients are increased, postoperative corneal thicknesses were increased and postoperative endothelial cell densities were decreased. The endothelial cells were relatively well preserved after cataract operation in patients of preoperative diminished endothelial cells. We suggest that when performing the cataract operation in patients of decreased endothelial function, one must use appropriate large amount of viscoelastic substances, and minimize phacoemulsification power and time in as short operation time as possible by accurate surgical technique. We also believe that periodic postoperative endothelial examination is necessary in patients with decreased endothelial function.
Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Cornea ; Corneal Edema ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells* ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification ; Viscoelastic Substances ; Visual Acuity

We examined visual acuity and refractive state of 1,522 children (904 boys and 618 girls) in the 6th grade of the primary school in the center of Kwangju city, and of 1,318 children(711 boys and 607 girls) in the outskirts. To evaluate environmental factors, the statistical comparative study in two groups about visual acuity and refractive state including the data from the questionnaires answered by parentr was done. The results were as follows: 1. The incidence of subnormal visual acuity was 20.5%. It was higher in girls (25.9%) than in boys (16.3%), and higher in the school in the center (22.7%) of the city than in the outskirts (17.9%). Especially, in girls, it was significantly low in the outskirts (21.4%) comparing to the center (30.3%). 2. In the relationship between the incidence of subnormal visual acuity and posture, the incidence was higher in the children who have a poor carriage during studying(24.6%) than in the children who have a fine carriage (19.9%) and it was markedly higher in girls (30.7%) than in boys (19.7%). 3. The incidence of subnormal visual acuity was higher in the children who maintained inadequate distance from the TV set (24.1% ) than in the children who maintained adequate distance (19.6%), and it was higher in girls (31.3%) than in boys (17.8%). 4. The incidence of subnormal visual acuity was similar in the children who had balanced diet (21.6%)and the children who had one-sided diet (22.8%). 5. Refractive state of the eyes with subnormal visual acuity was myopic in 17.0%, hyperopic in 3.0% and mixed astigmatic in 0.3%. The incidence of myopic eyes was higher in girls (21.3%) than in boys (13.8%). 6. Occurrence of the eyes which returned from abnormal refractive state to emme tropia by instillation of 5% homatropine solution was similar in boys (5.2%) and girls (6.9%) and the eyes were considered to be pseudomyopic.
Child* ; Diet ; Female ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Incidence ; Posture ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Visual Acuity*

Local anesthesias such as retrobulbar anesthesia, peribulbar anesthesia and topical anesthesia are commonly preferred as intraocular surgical anesthesia. We evaluated the efficacy of pinpoint anesthesia described by Hidefaru Fukasaku in 1993. We performed in point anesthesia in 57 cataract patients from March 1995 to May 1995 at Kangnam St, Mary's Hospital. The younger the patients and the higher the education level, the smaller intraocular pressure increase and the better patient's compliance. Pinpoint anesthesia might be substituted with other currently used local ocular anesthesia might be substituted with other currently used local ocular anesthesia when patient's selection is appropriate and it is carried out by the well-trained doctors.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Local ; Cataract ; Compliance ; Education ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure