No abstract available.
Endodermal Sinus Tumor* ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Yolk Sac*

Fracture of the scapuls is one of the rare bony injuries seen in hospital practice. Authors reviewed the records and the roentgenograms of forty three patients from April 1976 to March 1987. The results were as follows : l. Of the 43 cases, peak incidence was in the middle aged men with high activity, and age range was 30 to 50 years. 2. The most common cause of injury was the motor vehicle accident. 3. Twenty eight cases of the scapular fracture occurred in the body, and eleven had fractures more than two parts in the scapuls. The most common type was the combined fracture of the body and neck. 4. A severe force was required to produce the injury and 79% of the patients had combined injuries of head and chest. 5. Delay in diagnosis was frequent because of the masking effect of the associated injury. 6. Although results of conservative measurements on the scapular fracture are generally good, we feel that treatment on more active line should be undertaken in young and active patients with fracture involving glenoid.
Diagnosis ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Masks ; Middle Aged ; Motor Vehicles ; Neck ; Scapula ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Fluoxetine, a widely used antidepressant drug, has been described as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. In addition to its antidepressant action it has been demonstrated to be effective in alleviating pain associated with various diseases. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons are primary sensory neurons and transmit peripheral information to central nervous system. Two types of sodium channels are expressed in DRG neurons based on their sensitivity to tetrodotoxin. They are involved in the generation and conduction of nociception. The effects of fluoxetine on sodium currents in DRG neurons were examined to elucidate the analgesic mechanism of the drug. METHODS: DRG neurons wereacutely dissociated from rats (2~6 days postnatal) by enzymatic digestion. The whole-cell configuration of patch clamp technique was used to record tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) and tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) sodium currents. RESULTS: Fluoxetine inhibited TTX-S and TTX-R sodium currents with Kd values of 60 microM and 59 microM, respectively, at the holding potential of -80 mV. For both types of sodium channels the steady-state inactivation curves were shifted in the hyperpolarizing direction and the conductance-voltage relationship curves were shifted in the depolarizing direction by fluoxetine. These effects combined together would greatly reduce the neuronal excitability. CONCLUSIONS: The blockade of sodium currents in sensory neurons is considered as a possible mechanism for the analgesic action of fluoxetine.
Animals ; Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Digestion ; Fluoxetine* ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Neurons ; Nociception ; Rats* ; Sensory Receptor Cells* ; Serotonin ; Sodium Channels ; Sodium* ; Tetrodotoxin

Nail bed malignancies are rare entities. Most nail bed malignancies are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)s. Less than 10% of subungual SCCs occur in the foot. Fifty percent occurred on the hallux and approximately 25% on both the fourth and fifth digits. The correct diagnosis is often delayed because nail bed malignancies are frequently mistaken for benign or infectious processes. SCC on extremities is hard to distinguish from the benign lesion like chronic ulcer, fistula caused by chronic osteomyelitis, and abscess fistula. Attention should especially be paid in diagnosing the subungual lesion because paronychia is a common disease. SCC is the most common carcinoma second to malignant melanoma as a soft tissue malignant tumor in the West, and it involves mainly the head, neck and upper extremities but rarely involves lower extremities, particularly the toes. The authors emphasize the importance of a biopsy for chronic nonhealing lesions by presenting this case.
Abscess ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Fistula ; Foot ; Hallux ; Head ; Lower Extremity ; Melanoma ; Neck ; Osteomyelitis ; Paronychia ; Toes* ; Ulcer ; Upper Extremity

A retrospective study was done to analyze the clinical characteristics about herpes simplex keratouveitis. We reviewed medical records of 28 patients who had been diagnosed as having herpes simplex keratouveitis at Hanyang University Hospital from May 1987 to January 1998. Mean follow-up period was 14 months. In 28 patients(male 19, female 9), first attack was in 5 patients, recurrent uveitis in 16 patients, and 7 patients were undetermined due to lack of detailed clinical history, Stromal keratitis(intersititial keratitis, kisciform keratitis, and necrotizing keratitis) was present in 23 eyes, superficial keratitis(dendritic keratitis, geographic eyes. Ten eyes had an increased intraocular pressure of 21mmHg or more, with 5 eyes having 31mmHg or more, which were all in cases of recurrence. Posterior synechiae were present in 9 eyes, iris atrophy in 4 eyes. Herpes simplex keratouveitis is prone to recur and frequently associated with herpes simplex keratitis, especially stromal keratitis. It may be associated with increased intraocular pressure, osterior synechiae, iris atrophy, or hypopyon, Therefore it is necessary to follow up persistently.
Atrophy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Keratitis ; Keratitis, Herpetic ; Medical Records ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Simplexvirus ; Uveitis

Bleeding that recur or continues after hospital admission for an acutely bleeding peptic ulcer is the single most important factor adversely affecting prognosis. The endoscopic findings of stigmata of recent hemorrhage such as active bleeding, a visible vessel or fresh blood clots in peptic ulcer indicate relatively high rebleeding risk. 30 patients with stigmata of recent hemorrhage in bleeding peptic ulcers were treated by endoscopic alcohol injection therapy during the 3-year period from August 1989 to July 1992. 30 cases included 24 gastric ulcers, 4 duodenal ulcers, and 2 stomal ulcers. 8 of these were actively bleeding at the time of endoscopy and non-bleeding visible vessels were identified in 15 patients and fresh blood clots were present in 7. 12 of total 30 cases had rebleeding or continuous bleeding. 3 of 8 with active bleeding, 5 of 15 with non-bleeding bisible vessels, and 4 of 7 with fresh blood clots had rebleeding. Emergency operations were done in 4 cases. There was no complication such as perforation and mortality. We think that this modality of endoscopic hemostasis is safe and simple, but further randomized controlled trials will be needed to evaluate the efficacy of hemostasis by endoscopic alcohol injection therapy.
Christianity ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Emergencies ; Endoscopy ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemostasis ; Hemostasis, Endoscopic ; Humans ; Mortality ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Prognosis ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Germ Cells* ; Klinefelter Syndrome* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal*

No abstract available.
Animals ; DNA, Complementary* ; Estrogens ; Laser Capture Microdissection* ; Mice* ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Uterus*

No abstract available.
Animals ; DNA, Complementary* ; Estrogens ; Laser Capture Microdissection* ; Mice* ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Uterus*

A variety files made of stainless steel (S-S) or nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) are used during endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the corrosion susceptibility of S-S and Ni-Ti endodontic files. Three brands of files were used for this study: K-flex(R) S-S files (Maillefer, USA), Profile(R) Ni-Ti files (Maillefer, USA), K-3(R) Ni-Ti files (SybronEndo, USA). 120 files of each brands (21mm, ISO size #20) were divided into 12 groups according to 1) sterilization methods using Autoclave or Ethylene Oxide (E-O) gas, 2) Irrigation solutions using 5.25 % NaOCl or Saline, 3) the number of sterilization (1, 5, 10 times). After above procedures, each of the files was inspected by three examiners with a light microscope and camera at X25. Each file was judged and ranked according to the following criteria: 0; no corrosion, 1; mild corrosion, 2; moderate corrosion, and 3; severe corrosion. The files of high score were examined under the Scanning Electron Microscope. Data were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Most of the ten time-autoclaved files had showed mild to moderate corrosion. But, one or five time-autoclaved files did not show corrosive surface. NaOCl treatment and E-O gas sterilization did not influence on corrosion. There was a significant difference in corrosion susceptibility between sterilization methods and the number of autoclaving. However, there was no significant difference between brands and file materials.
Corrosion* ; Ethylene Oxide ; Stainless Steel ; Sterilization*