Clinical observation was performed on 1412 cases of neonates which was seen at S.N.U.H. during the past 2years from Jan. 1975 to Dec. 1976. The results ware as following: 1. The incidence of prematurity (below 38wks) was 12.1% and the incidence of S.B.W. was 9.8% 2. The mortality rate of prematurity and L.B.W. was 7.35%. 3. The average sex ration of male to female was: Total neonates: 1.14:1 Prematurity: 1.06:1 : 0.88:1 4. High incidence of prematurity and L.B.W. was peaked on Dec. and Feb. 5. The mortaity rate was: under 1000gm: 100% under 1500gm: 50% under 24wks:100% under 30wks: 63% So liability was increased after 30wks and 1500gm. 6. The aberage duration of admission date was: 1000~1500gm: 30days 1500~2000gm: 20days 2000~2500gm: 5~8days 7. The relating factors to prematurity and L.B.W. was C-section, preeclampsia and eclampsia, twin, breech delivery and congenital syhpilis. 8. Autopsy was done only one cases, and the diagnosis ws primary atelecasis. 9. High mortality was seen from Dec. to Feb. and nearly within 24 hours. 10. Low incidence was seen 20~24 maternal age group. 11. High incidence rate in primipars (49.5%). 12. The physiologic weight loss was seen about 4~% days, aerage 9% (167.0gm). 13. Weight gain was: under 1250gm: 14.2gm/d over 1250gm: 27.5gm/d 14. Average discharge weight was (over 5 days admission): 2150gm.
Autopsy ; Diagnosis ; Eclampsia ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Mortality ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Twins ; Weight Gain ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: To report triamcinolone regurgitation into the anterior chamber after intravitreal triamcinolone injection for macular edema. METHODS: A total of 402 eyes (432 cases) received intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema from November 2002 to December 2004. A retrospective review included the medical records of all patients who showed regurgitation into the anterior chamber after intravitreal triamcinolone injection. The clinical outcome and any complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Regurgitation was observed in 9 of 402 eyes (11 of 432 cases, 2.55%) after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. All were phakic eyes. Pseudohypopyon was observed during the follow-up period but resolved gradually without any significant complications. Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide results in increased visual acuity (p<0.01) and decreased macular thickness (p<0.01) after 2 weeks of injection. CONCLUSIONS: Triamcinolone particles that regurgitated into the anterior chamber gradually resolved without any significant complications. These can, however, mask symptoms of endophthalmitis and delay accurate diagnosis, so careful follow-up examination is imperaive.
Anterior Chamber* ; Diagnosis ; Endophthalmitis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Edema ; Masks ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Triamcinolone* ; Visual Acuity

Oncoplastic breast surgery has become a popular choice of treatment for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. There are two different techniques in oncoplastic surgery depending on the volume of the excised breast tissue. One is the volume displacement procedure, which combines resection with a variety of different breast-reshaping and breast-reduction techniques; the other is the volume replacement procedure in which the volume of excised breast tissue is replaced with autologous tissue. In this study, current authors performed various volume replacement techniques based on the weight of the excised tumor and its margin of resection. We used a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for cases in which the resection mass was greater than 150 g, and for cases in which the resection mass was less than 150 g, we used a regional flap, such as a lateral thoracodorsal flap, a thoracoepigastric flap, or perforator flaps, such as an intercostal artery perforator flap or a thoracodorsal artery perforator flap. In the patients with small to moderate-sized breasts, when a postoperative deformity is expected due to a large-volume tumor resection, the replacement of non-breast tissue is required. Many of whom have small breasts, oncoplastic volume replacement techniques in breast-conserving surgery allow an extensive tumor excision without concern of compromising the cosmetic outcome and can be reliable and useful techniques with satisfactory aesthetic results.
Arteries ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Cosmetics ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Perforator Flap

Despite the popularity of breast-conserving surgery (BCS), which constitutes 50-60% of all breast cancer surgeries, discussions regarding cosmetic results after BCS are not specifically conducted. The simple conservation of breast tissue is no longer adequate to qualify for BCS completion. The incorporation of oncological and plastic surgery techniques allows for the complete resection of local disease while achieving superior cosmetic outcome. Oncoplastic BCS can be performed in one of the following two ways: 1) volume displacement techniques and 2) volume replacement techniques. This study reports volume displacement surgical techniques, which allow the use of remaining breast tissue after BCS by glandular reshaping or reduction techniques for better cosmetic results. Thorough understanding of these procedures and careful consideration of the patient's breast size, tumor location, excised volume, and volume of the remaining breast tissue during the surgery in choosing appropriate patient and surgical techniques will result in good cosmetic results. Surgery of the contralateral breast may be requested to improve symmetry and may take the form of a reduction mammoplasty or mastopexy. The timing of such surgery and the merits of synchronous versus delayed approaches should be discussed in full with the patients. Because Korean women have relatively small breast sizes compared to Western women, it is not very easy to apply the oncoplastic volume displacement technique to cover defects. However, we have performed various types of oncoplastic volume displacement techniques on Korean women, and based on our experience, we report a number of oncoplastic volume displacement techniques that are applicable to Korean women with small- to moderate-sized breasts.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cosmetics ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Surgery, Plastic

Oncoplastic breast surgery has become a popular choice of treatment for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. There are two different techniques in oncoplastic surgery depending on the volume of the excised breast tissue. One is the volume displacement procedure, which combines resection with a variety of different breast-reshaping and breast-reduction techniques; the other is the volume replacement procedure in which the volume of excised breast tissue is replaced with autologous tissue. In this study, current authors performed various volume replacement techniques based on the weight of the excised tumor and its margin of resection. We used a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for cases in which the resection mass was greater than 150 g, and for cases in which the resection mass was less than 150 g, we used a regional flap, such as a lateral thoracodorsal flap, a thoracoepigastric flap, or perforator flaps, such as an intercostal artery perforator flap or a thoracodorsal artery perforator flap. In the patients with small to moderate-sized breasts, when a postoperative deformity is expected due to a large-volume tumor resection, the replacement of non-breast tissue is required. Many of whom have small breasts, oncoplastic volume replacement techniques in breast-conserving surgery allow an extensive tumor excision without concern of compromising the cosmetic outcome and can be reliable and useful techniques with satisfactory aesthetic results.
Arteries ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Cosmetics ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Perforator Flap

Despite the popularity of breast-conserving surgery (BCS), which constitutes 50-60% of all breast cancer surgeries, discussions regarding cosmetic results after BCS are not specifically conducted. The simple conservation of breast tissue is no longer adequate to qualify for BCS completion. The incorporation of oncological and plastic surgery techniques allows for the complete resection of local disease while achieving superior cosmetic outcome. Oncoplastic BCS can be performed in one of the following two ways: 1) volume displacement techniques and 2) volume replacement techniques. This study reports volume displacement surgical techniques, which allow the use of remaining breast tissue after BCS by glandular reshaping or reduction techniques for better cosmetic results. Thorough understanding of these procedures and careful consideration of the patient's breast size, tumor location, excised volume, and volume of the remaining breast tissue during the surgery in choosing appropriate patient and surgical techniques will result in good cosmetic results. Surgery of the contralateral breast may be requested to improve symmetry and may take the form of a reduction mammoplasty or mastopexy. The timing of such surgery and the merits of synchronous versus delayed approaches should be discussed in full with the patients. Because Korean women have relatively small breast sizes compared to Western women, it is not very easy to apply the oncoplastic volume displacement technique to cover defects. However, we have performed various types of oncoplastic volume displacement techniques on Korean women, and based on our experience, we report a number of oncoplastic volume displacement techniques that are applicable to Korean women with small- to moderate-sized breasts.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cosmetics ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Surgery, Plastic

BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has more concentrated platelets than normal plasma (approximately 150-400x10(3) cell/dL). Platelets excrete several growth factors and cytokines that are associated with the healing and regeneration process. However, even though PRP is widely used, the mechanism or actual effect is presently unclear. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the levels of growth factors and platelet concentration rate. METHODS: Autologous blood for preparing PRP was obtained from healthy subjects aged 25 to 35 years. The samples were divided into 4 experimental groups (inactivated whole blood, inactivated PRP, activated whole blood with thrombin and calcium chloride, and activated PRP). The platelet counts in the blood were analyzed and the growth factors were quantitatively measured. A statistical analysis was performed by using Dunn's multiple comparison test. RESULTS: In the blood cell analysis, the platelet count of the PRP group was approximately 4.25 times higher than that of the whole blood group. In the quantitative analysis of growth factors, the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB, PDGF-BB, and transforming growth factor-beta of the inactivated and activated PRP groups were higher than those of the inactivated and activated whole blood groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the platelet count and the levels of PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB in the PRP were determined. Further, more research is required on the bioactivity level of the growth factors secreted during the process of PRP preparation and the potency of growth factors that can be exerted physiologically in vivo.
Aged ; Blood Cells ; Blood Group Antigens ; Blood Platelets ; Calcium Chloride ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Plasma ; Platelet Count ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; Regeneration ; Thrombin ; Transforming Growth Factors

BACKGROUND: Amniotic-fluid-derived stem cells and amniocytes have recently been determined to have wound healing effects, but their mechanism is not yet clearly understood. In this study, the effects of amniotic fluid stem cells and amniocytes on wound healing were investigated through animal experiments. METHODS: On the back of Sprague-Dawley rats, four circular full-thickness skin wounds 2 cm in diameter were created. The wounds were classified into the following four types: a control group using Tegaderm disc wound dressings and experimental groups using collagen discs, amniotic fluid stem cell discs, and amniocyte discs. The wounds were assessed through macroscopic histological examination and immunohistochemistry over a period of time. RESULTS: The amniotic fluid stem cell and amniocyte groups showed higher wound healing rates compared with the control group; histologically, the inflammatory cell invasion disappeared more quickly in these groups, and there was more significant angiogenesis. In particular, these groups had significant promotion of epithelial cell reproduction, collagen fiber formation, and angiogenesis during the initial 10 days of the wound healing process. The potency of transforming growth factor-beta and fibronectin in the experimental group was much greater than that in the control group in the early stage of the wound healing process. In later stages, however, no significant difference was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The amniotic fluid stem cells and amniocytes were confirmed to have accelerated the inflammatory stage to contribute to an enhanced cure rate and shortened wound healing period. Therefore, they hold promise as wound treatment agents.
Amniotic Fluid ; Animals ; Bandages ; Collagen ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Fibronectins ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reproduction ; Skin ; Stem Cells ; Wound Healing

BACKGROUND: In Korean women, many of whom have small to moderate-sized breasts, it is difficult to cover a partial breast defect using oncoplastic volume displacement techniques after removal of an adequate volume of tissue during oncologic surgery. In such cases, oncoplastic volume replacement techniques are more useful. METHODS: From January 2007 to December 2011, 104 women underwent a total of 107 breast-conserving surgeries with various kinds of oncoplastic volume replacement techniques. We used latissimus dorsi (LD) myocutaneous flap for cases in which the resection mass was greater than 150 g. In case with a resection mass less than 150 g, we used regional flaps such as a lateral thoracodorsal flap, a thoracoepigastric flap, or perforator flaps such as an intercostal artery perforator (ICAP) flap or a thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap. RESULTS: The mean age was 46.1 years, and the average follow-up interval was 10.3 months. The patients underwent oncoplastic volume replacement techniques with a lateral thoracodorsal flap (n=9), thoracoepigastric flap (n=7), ICAP flap (n=25), TDAP flap (n=12), and LD flap (n=54). There was one case of congestion in an LD flap, and two cases of fat necrosis in an ICAP flap. Most of the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results. CONCLUSIONS: Oncoplastic volume replacement techniques can be reliable and useful for the correction of breast deformity after breast-conserving surgery, especially in patients with small to moderate-sized breasts.
Arteries ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Cosmetics ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Perforator Flap ; Surgical Flaps

PURPOSE: Many hemostatic agents and dressings have been tested with variable degree of success. Chitosan has a positive charge, it attracts red blood cells, which have a negative charge. Our goal is to test the efficacy of new developed chitosan-based hemostatic materials in providing durable hemostasis in a high-flow arterial wound model. METHODS: We compared each group with SD rats motality tests and in vitro blood compatibility test by blood clotting index (BCI). We devided the SD rats into 6 groups (N =15) by type of hemostatic agents. A: 100% nonwoven chitosan (degree of the deacetylation: 90%). B: 50% N-acetylation on nonwoven of chitosan gel (degree of the deacetylation: 50%). C: 60% N-acetylation on nonwoven of chitosan ge (degree of the deacetylation: 40%)l. D: Cutanplast(R). E: HemCon(R) F: Gauze. In vivo test, a proximal arterial injury was created in unilateral femoral arteries of 90 anesthetized SD rats. Each materials was made same size and thickness then applied to the injury site for 3 minutes. In vitro test, we compared each group with BCI in human blood. RESULTS: In vivo test, group A showed lower motality rate of 46% than any other groups, Group B and C showed lower motality rate of 60% than group D and E's motality rate of 66%. In vitro test, BCI of group A (30.6 +/- 1.2) and B (29.3 +/- 1.0) were showed nearly about group D (29.1 +/- 1.8) and E (27.4 +/- 1.6). Group C (37.1 +/- 2.0) showed higher BCI than group A and B, it means group C decreased blood clotting. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study suggests a newly developed chitosan-based hemostatic materials induced durable hemostasis and increased blood clotting, and are considered as effective biologic hemostatic agents.
Animals ; Bandages ; Blood Coagulation ; Chitosan ; Erythrocytes ; Fees and Charges ; Femoral Artery ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Rats