The purpose of this study is to review the clinical and pathological features of pseudomembranous colitis in Korea. Ten cases of psedomembranous colitis, which were diagnosed by sigmoidoscopy and biopsy at the Seoul National University Hospital from May 1982 to occtober 1985, were analyzed in terms of the age and sex distribution, underlying diseases, presumptive causative antimicrobials, symptomatology, involved site and tratment. 1) The disease was more prevalent above sixth decade with a slight preponderance on the female. 2) The underlying diseases of the patients were the uterine cervix cancer in 3 cases and one case each of the nasal polyp, cataract, degenerative arthritis, tuberculous gradmuloma, SLE with menngitis, CVA and gingival abscess. 3) As for the presumptive causative drugs, cephalosporin were assaciated in 6 cases, aminoglycoside m 7 cases, penlcillin in 3 cases, Bactrim in 3 cases, antituberculosis drugs in 1 case and anticancer drugs in 1 case. 4) As for the anatotmical distribution of the lesion, the rectum was involved in 5 cases, the rectum and sigmoid colon in 4 cases and up to the descending colon in 1 case. 5) All the cases were cured by medical treatment. In 5 cases, discontinuation of the antimicrobial drugs and supportive care only were effective and in other 5 cases, vancamycin and/or metronidazole together vrith cholestyramine were added to the regimen.
Abscess ; Biopsy ; Cataract ; Cervix Uteri ; Cholestyramine Resin ; Colitis ; Colon, Descending ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Metronidazole ; Nasal Polyps ; Osteoarthritis ; Rectum ; Seoul ; Sex Distribution ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

The gastric polyps may be premalignant lesions and they should be removed as possible. The gastric polyps can be remoued by various endoscopic methods. The safety and therapeutic effectiveness of snare polypectomy, neodymium YAG laser therapy and electrocutery were compared in a total number of 106 patients who were diagnosed as benign polyps by means of endoscopic biopsy.Safety was evaluated by the rate of complications such as perforation and bleeding, and therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by the average numbers of treatment session of each modality. Average numbers of treatment session of snare polypectomy, laser therapy and electrocautery were 1.04, 1.38 and l.44, respectively. Average numbers of treatment session of snare polypectomy were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of other two methods. Perforation was not occurred in any group. Bleeding rates after snare polypectomy, laser therapy and electrocautery were 17.4%, 1.0% and 3.8%, respectively. Bleeding was significantly (p<0,05) more frequent after snare polypectomy than after other two methods. In conclusion therapeutic effectiveness was best in snare polypectomy but complication was most frequent after snare polypectomy. There was no difference between laser therapy and electrocautery for therapeutic effectiveness and safety. Therfore, laser therapy and electrocautery caa be used for the removal of flat adenoma, alternatively.
Adenoma ; Electrocoagulation ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Neodymium ; Polyps ; SNARE Proteins

The gastric polyps may be premalignant lesions and they should be removed as possible. The gastric polyps can be remoued by various endoscopic methods. The safety and therapeutic effectiveness of snare polypectomy, neodymium YAG laser therapy and electrocutery were compared in a total number of 106 patients who were diagnosed as benign polyps by means of endoscopic biopsy.Safety was evaluated by the rate of complications such as perforation and bleeding, and therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by the average numbers of treatment session of each modality. Average numbers of treatment session of snare polypectomy, laser therapy and electrocautery were 1.04, 1.38 and l.44, respectively. Average numbers of treatment session of snare polypectomy were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of other two methods. Perforation was not occurred in any group. Bleeding rates after snare polypectomy, laser therapy and electrocautery were 17.4%, 1.0% and 3.8%, respectively. Bleeding was significantly (p<0,05) more frequent after snare polypectomy than after other two methods. In conclusion therapeutic effectiveness was best in snare polypectomy but complication was most frequent after snare polypectomy. There was no difference between laser therapy and electrocautery for therapeutic effectiveness and safety. Therfore, laser therapy and electrocautery caa be used for the removal of flat adenoma, alternatively.
Adenoma ; Electrocoagulation ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Neodymium ; Polyps ; SNARE Proteins

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of respiratory adenovirus infections in children, and to investigate the difference in the clinical features between single adenovirus infection and coinfection with adenovirus and other respiratory viruses. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 470 children hospitalized with respiratory adenovirus infections in Gwangmyeong Sungae Hospital between January 2013 and December 2013. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 46.2 months and the peak incidence was in the 12- to 24-month age group. The mean duration of hospitalization and fever were 4.5+/-1.1 and 4.5+/-9.2 days, respectively. Seasonally it had occurred throughout the year, but showed the highest prevalence in August and high prevalence in July, September, and October. The frequency of viral coinfection with other respiratory viruses was 39.6%. The age was significantly younger in coinfection group than in the single adenovirus infection group (P<0.001). The prevalence rates of bronchiolitis (P<0.001) and pneumonia (P=0.042) were significantly higher in the respiratory syncytial virus coinfection group. The coinfection rate was significantly higher in children aged less than 2 years (P<0.001), and the prevalence rates of bronchiolitis (P<0.001) and pneumonia (P<0.001) were also higher in the group aged less than 2 years than other age groups. CONCLUSION: Adenovirus is an important viral agent in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection. Lower respiratory tract infections, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and coinfection with other respiratory viruses were more frequently occurred in patients under 2 years of age. Further studies are needed to clarify whether coinfection with other respiratory viruses would increase the rate of lower respiratory tract infections in patients with respiratory adenoviral infections.
Adenoviridae Infections* ; Adenoviridae* ; Bronchiolitis ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Coinfection ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients* ; Pneumonia ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons

Recently, the proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in patients has increased in Korea. Though intestinal tuberculosis in not infrequent, a duodenal fistula caused by tuberculosis is a rare condition. A 29-year-old man was admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine because of fever and weight loss. The patient was a doctor participating in a resident fellowship. The patient was diagnosed with intra-abdominal tuberculous lymphadenopathy and was given anti-tuberculous medication. One month after the administration of medication, the patient showed symptoms and signs of duodenal obstruction because of marked duodenal wall edema and a deep ulcer on the second portion of the duodenum. A computerized tomogram and duodenography revealed the formation of a fistula at the second portion of the duodenum and the presence of abscess-forming tuberculous lymphadenopathy. The use of continuous anti- tuberculous medication resulted in the improvement of the clinical symptoms, with complete healing of the duodenal fistula and tuberculous lymphadenitis. This case suggests that transient clinical worsening in intra-abdominal tuberculous lymphadenitis may occur during an early period of anti- tuberculous medication.
Adult ; Duodenal Obstruction ; Duodenum ; Edema ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Fever ; Fistula ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node ; Ulcer ; Weight Loss

Thyroid hormone plays an important role in the process of implantation of a fertilized egg in the endometrium, as well as in the division and development of the fertilized egg. In addition, maternal thyroid hormone is essential for the formation and development of the fetal brain, nervous system, and bones. Therefore, when maternal thyroid hormone is insufficient, complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight and preeclampsia increase. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy were established and published by the American Endocrine Society, the American Thyroid Association, and the European Thyroid Society. The Korean Thyroid Society also published recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum in 2014. However, since the revised guidelines of the American Thyroid Association were published in 2017, many studies, including large-scale randomized controlled trials, have been published in relation to thyroid and pregnancy, and the need to revise the existing recommendations has emerged in Korea.The main revisions of this recommendation are changes in the normal range of TSH during pregnancy, detailed description of treatment policies according to pregnant women’s autoantibodies and thyroid function status. Also, a description of the effect of thyroid autoantibodies on assisted reproductive procedures has been added.