No abstract available.
Pulmonary Blastoma*

The calcium intake of elementary school students residing in Gyeongsangbukdo province from their school foodservice and milk program was evaluated. A total of 252 subjects (50.4% boys and 49.6% girls) were examined. A significant percentage of the total subjects (32.9%) reported skipping breakfast once or more per week, with the major reasons for skipping breakfast being a lack of time and appetite. A majority of the total subjects (78.2%) participated in the school milk program. The type of milk consumed by the subjects was mainly white milk, with a milk intake mostly between one and two cups. Participants in the school milk program consumed over the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of calcium, but non-participants consumed only 48.1% of the RNI (P<0.001). The calcium intake rate according to food cooking methods, from highest to lowest was in the order bap, twigim, jeon, jjim, and gui. Although the food intake rate of guk was low, the calcium intake rate by RNI was the highest for guk. On the other hand, the food intake rate of bap and kimchi was high, but their calcium intake rate by RNI was relatively low. These results show that non-participants in the school milk program are significantly deficient in calcium. Therefore, to improve the calcium nutrition for children, school lunch menus containing high calcium need to be developed and children should be encouraged to enter a school milk program.
Appetite ; Breakfast ; Calcium* ; Child ; Cooking ; Eating ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Hand ; Humans ; Lunch ; Methods ; Milk*

Retropharyngeal hematomas are relatively rare. But, they are clinically important because of the close proximity of the retropharyngeal space to the upper airway. The authors experienced four cases of the retropharyngeal hematoma following cervical trauma, esophageal foreign body, stellate ganglion block, and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of individual condition.
Airway Obstruction ; Diagnosis ; Foreign Bodies ; Hematoma* ; Stellate Ganglion

PURPOSE: We examined the ability of preschool aged children to meet the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Resiratory Society (ERS) goals for spirometry quality and tried to find out the major factor for improving the rate of success of spiromety test in this age group. METHODS: Spirometry was performed in 2-6 aged 155 children with chronic cough or suspicious asthma with the recording of maneuver quality measures of forced expiratory time, end-of-test volume, back-extrapolated volume (Vbe), and forced vital capacity (FVC), as well as flow-volume curve. The subjects were tested several times and the two best results in each subject were selected. All criteria for quality control were suggested by ATS/ERS guidelines. The criteria for starting of the test was Vbe <80 mL and Vbe/FVC <12.5%. The criteria for repeatability of the test was that second highest FVC and FEV1 are within 100 mL or 10% of the highest value, whichever is greater. For the criteria for termination of the test for preschool aged children, we evaluated the flow-volume curve RESULTS: As getting older, the success rate of spirometry increased and rapidly increased after 3 years old. Total success rate of the test was 59.4% (2 years old - 14.3%, 3 years old - 53.7%, 4 years old - 65.1%, 5 years old - 69.7%, 6 years old - 70.8%). The percentage of failure to meet the criteria for starting the test was 6.5%, repeatability of the test was 12.3% and end of the test was 31%. There was a significant difference only in age between success group and failure group. Evaluating the quality control criteria of previous studies, the success rate increased with age. CONCLUSION: About 60% of preschool aged children met ATS/ERS goals for spirometry test performance and the success rate was highly correlated with age. It is clearly needed that developing more feasible and suitable criteria for quality control of spirometry test in preschool aged children.
Aged ; Asthma ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Spirometry ; Vital Capacity

PURPOSE: We examined the ability of preschool aged children to meet the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Resiratory Society (ERS) goals for spirometry quality and tried to find out the major factor for improving the rate of success of spiromety test in this age group. METHODS: Spirometry was performed in 2-6 aged 155 children with chronic cough or suspicious asthma with the recording of maneuver quality measures of forced expiratory time, end-of-test volume, back-extrapolated volume (Vbe), and forced vital capacity (FVC), as well as flow-volume curve. The subjects were tested several times and the two best results in each subject were selected. All criteria for quality control were suggested by ATS/ERS guidelines. The criteria for starting of the test was Vbe <80 mL and Vbe/FVC <12.5%. The criteria for repeatability of the test was that second highest FVC and FEV1 are within 100 mL or 10% of the highest value, whichever is greater. For the criteria for termination of the test for preschool aged children, we evaluated the flow-volume curve RESULTS: As getting older, the success rate of spirometry increased and rapidly increased after 3 years old. Total success rate of the test was 59.4% (2 years old - 14.3%, 3 years old - 53.7%, 4 years old - 65.1%, 5 years old - 69.7%, 6 years old - 70.8%). The percentage of failure to meet the criteria for starting the test was 6.5%, repeatability of the test was 12.3% and end of the test was 31%. There was a significant difference only in age between success group and failure group. Evaluating the quality control criteria of previous studies, the success rate increased with age. CONCLUSION: About 60% of preschool aged children met ATS/ERS goals for spirometry test performance and the success rate was highly correlated with age. It is clearly needed that developing more feasible and suitable criteria for quality control of spirometry test in preschool aged children.
Aged ; Asthma ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Spirometry ; Vital Capacity

The present study was conducted to provide the basis for improvement of clinical nutrition services through development of job standards of clinical dietitian for the clinical nutrition therapy to cancer patients in hospitals. Developing A Curriculum (DACUM) method was used for job analysis and development of job standards for clinical dietitians for cancer care. Based on DACUM analysis, information about duties, tasks, and task elements of clinical dietitians for cancer care was collected. Developed job standards were applied to clinical nutrition care for cancer patients in hospitals for evaluation. Based on DACUM analysis, consultations from professionals, and field application tests, the final job standards were composed of four duties, 18 tasks, and 56 task elements. The duties consisted of nutritional assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, and nutrition monitoring.evaluation. For cancer nutrition care, 109 work activities were developed. They were composed of 75 basic and 34 recommended work activities. The application of developed job standards for clinical dietitians for cancer care at 10 hospitals showed a performance rate of 72.3%. In conclusion, job standards for clinical dietitians for cancer care developed in this study might be effectively used as guidelines for providing clinical nutrition services for cancer patients in hospitals.
Curriculum ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutrition Therapy* ; Nutritionists* ; Referral and Consultation

We shoud give attention to Wernicke's encephalopathy as a cause of sudden coma & respiratory arrest in patients, who are not usually suspected to develop the disorder and empirical treatment with thiamine in cases of coma of unknown cause is recommended. Respiratory stimulants, doxapram & aminophylline have an effect in assisting ventilatory weaning in patient with central hypoventilation as a complication of acute Wernicke's encephalopathy No previous reports where doxapram had been used to assist weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults were noted. Nor has newly developed central hypoventilation been identified as an impediment to weaning in literature to date in Korea. We reported a rare case of Wernicke's encephalopathy caused by poor oral intake & inadequate nutritional suppliment after car accident, showing acute coma & respiratory arrest and treated adequately by thiamine replacement & mechanical ventilation with respiratory stimulant.
Adult ; Aminophylline ; Coma* ; Doxapram ; Humans ; Hypoventilation ; Korea ; Malnutrition* ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory System Agents ; Thiamine ; Weaning ; Wernicke Encephalopathy*

Congenital bronchial stenosis is a rare condition with variable symptoms of presentation. Affected patients are usually asymptomatic, but because of the reduced airway, cough, cyanosis and respiratory distress may be presented. We report a 19 month-old girl with a recurrent history of severe wheezing, dyspnea and cyanosis accompanied by lower respiratory tract infections. Young children with severe respiratory symptoms and no immunological abnormalities must be suspected of airway structural abnormalities.
Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cough ; Cyanosis ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Organic Chemicals ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory System ; Respiratory Tract Infections

The present study was conducted to develop a standardized job description for clinical dietitians working in hospitals. A developing curriculum (DACUM) method was used for the job analysis of clinical dietitians. Based on DACUM analysis with 14 members, including clinical dietitians and professors majoring in clinical nutrition and job analysis, information on the duties, tasks, and task elements of clinical dietitians was determined. To verify the job descriptions derived from DACUM analysis, a total of 46 tertiary and general hospitals with over 500 beds were recruited for the survey. The final developed job description for clinical dietitians included 7 duties, 27 tasks, and 93 task elements. The duties consisted of nutritional assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, nutrition monitoring.evaluation, consultation.cooperation, nutrition research, and self-development. The mean scores of perceived importance, performance, and difficulty on the clinical dietitian's task elements (out of a maximum score of 5.0) were 4.5, 3.7, and 3.5, respectively, with significant differences between the items (P<0.001). The perceived importance and performance grid of clinical dietitian's tasks showed that "construction and maintenance of collaboration" (E2) and "activity of quality improvement" (F1) received relatively low scores for performance despite their high importance scores; thus the performance of these tasks requires significant improvement. In conclusion, the job descriptions of clinical dietitians developed from this study are useful for the qualitative improvement of clinical nutrition services in hospitals.
Curriculum ; Hospitals, General ; Job Description ; Nutrition Assessment

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of body fluid status after kidney transplantation (KT) and to find out the associated factors. METHODS: Forty-five patients who had received KT were classified into hemodialysis (n=32), peritoneal dialysis (n=5), and preemptive (n=8) groups by dialysis modality. %TBW, %ECF, %ICF, and edema index which were examined by bioelectrical impedance analysis as well as clinical parameters were prospectively measured before KT and 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month after KT. RESULTS: Before KT, there were no significant differences in all of the parameters listed above among the three groups. Mean %TBW and %ICF were not different compared to those of before KT. In contrast, mean %ECF markedly decreased within 1st month (before KT 21.13+/-3.04 L/kg, 1st month 20.03+/-2.37 L/kg, 3rd month 19.61+/-2.18 L/kg, 6th month 18.32+/-5.02 L/kg: p=0.007, p<0.001, p=0.001, respectively). Edema index also decreased from 1st month (1st month 0.354+/-0.014, 3rd month 0.352+/-0.011, 6th month 0.348+/-0.014: p=0.016, p=0.012, respectively). Only edema index was higher at 1st and 3rd month in hemodialysis group. Serum creatinine and 24 hour urine total protein were positively correlated with %ECF at 1st and 3rd month, and with %TBW at 3rd month. CONCLUSION: The recovery of body water distribution after KT starts with reduction of ECF within the 1st month. Serum creatinine and proteinuria are related to the recovery. No significant difference according to dialysis modality was found. Further study with larger sample size is necessary to confirm these findings.
Body Composition ; Body Fluids ; Body Water ; Creatinine ; Dialysis ; Edema ; Electric Impedance ; Extracellular Fluid ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Prospective Studies ; Proteinuria ; Renal Dialysis ; Sample Size ; Transplants