No abstract available.
Pulmonary Blastoma*

The calcium intake of elementary school students residing in Gyeongsangbukdo province from their school foodservice and milk program was evaluated. A total of 252 subjects (50.4% boys and 49.6% girls) were examined. A significant percentage of the total subjects (32.9%) reported skipping breakfast once or more per week, with the major reasons for skipping breakfast being a lack of time and appetite. A majority of the total subjects (78.2%) participated in the school milk program. The type of milk consumed by the subjects was mainly white milk, with a milk intake mostly between one and two cups. Participants in the school milk program consumed over the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of calcium, but non-participants consumed only 48.1% of the RNI (P<0.001). The calcium intake rate according to food cooking methods, from highest to lowest was in the order bap, twigim, jeon, jjim, and gui. Although the food intake rate of guk was low, the calcium intake rate by RNI was the highest for guk. On the other hand, the food intake rate of bap and kimchi was high, but their calcium intake rate by RNI was relatively low. These results show that non-participants in the school milk program are significantly deficient in calcium. Therefore, to improve the calcium nutrition for children, school lunch menus containing high calcium need to be developed and children should be encouraged to enter a school milk program.
Appetite ; Breakfast ; Calcium* ; Child ; Cooking ; Eating ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Hand ; Humans ; Lunch ; Methods ; Milk*

Retropharyngeal hematomas are relatively rare. But, they are clinically important because of the close proximity of the retropharyngeal space to the upper airway. The authors experienced four cases of the retropharyngeal hematoma following cervical trauma, esophageal foreign body, stellate ganglion block, and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of individual condition.
Airway Obstruction ; Diagnosis ; Foreign Bodies ; Hematoma* ; Stellate Ganglion

PURPOSE: We examined the ability of preschool aged children to meet the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Resiratory Society (ERS) goals for spirometry quality and tried to find out the major factor for improving the rate of success of spiromety test in this age group. METHODS: Spirometry was performed in 2-6 aged 155 children with chronic cough or suspicious asthma with the recording of maneuver quality measures of forced expiratory time, end-of-test volume, back-extrapolated volume (Vbe), and forced vital capacity (FVC), as well as flow-volume curve. The subjects were tested several times and the two best results in each subject were selected. All criteria for quality control were suggested by ATS/ERS guidelines. The criteria for starting of the test was Vbe <80 mL and Vbe/FVC <12.5%. The criteria for repeatability of the test was that second highest FVC and FEV1 are within 100 mL or 10% of the highest value, whichever is greater. For the criteria for termination of the test for preschool aged children, we evaluated the flow-volume curve RESULTS: As getting older, the success rate of spirometry increased and rapidly increased after 3 years old. Total success rate of the test was 59.4% (2 years old - 14.3%, 3 years old - 53.7%, 4 years old - 65.1%, 5 years old - 69.7%, 6 years old - 70.8%). The percentage of failure to meet the criteria for starting the test was 6.5%, repeatability of the test was 12.3% and end of the test was 31%. There was a significant difference only in age between success group and failure group. Evaluating the quality control criteria of previous studies, the success rate increased with age. CONCLUSION: About 60% of preschool aged children met ATS/ERS goals for spirometry test performance and the success rate was highly correlated with age. It is clearly needed that developing more feasible and suitable criteria for quality control of spirometry test in preschool aged children.
Aged ; Asthma ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Spirometry ; Vital Capacity

PURPOSE: We examined the ability of preschool aged children to meet the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Resiratory Society (ERS) goals for spirometry quality and tried to find out the major factor for improving the rate of success of spiromety test in this age group. METHODS: Spirometry was performed in 2-6 aged 155 children with chronic cough or suspicious asthma with the recording of maneuver quality measures of forced expiratory time, end-of-test volume, back-extrapolated volume (Vbe), and forced vital capacity (FVC), as well as flow-volume curve. The subjects were tested several times and the two best results in each subject were selected. All criteria for quality control were suggested by ATS/ERS guidelines. The criteria for starting of the test was Vbe <80 mL and Vbe/FVC <12.5%. The criteria for repeatability of the test was that second highest FVC and FEV1 are within 100 mL or 10% of the highest value, whichever is greater. For the criteria for termination of the test for preschool aged children, we evaluated the flow-volume curve RESULTS: As getting older, the success rate of spirometry increased and rapidly increased after 3 years old. Total success rate of the test was 59.4% (2 years old - 14.3%, 3 years old - 53.7%, 4 years old - 65.1%, 5 years old - 69.7%, 6 years old - 70.8%). The percentage of failure to meet the criteria for starting the test was 6.5%, repeatability of the test was 12.3% and end of the test was 31%. There was a significant difference only in age between success group and failure group. Evaluating the quality control criteria of previous studies, the success rate increased with age. CONCLUSION: About 60% of preschool aged children met ATS/ERS goals for spirometry test performance and the success rate was highly correlated with age. It is clearly needed that developing more feasible and suitable criteria for quality control of spirometry test in preschool aged children.
Aged ; Asthma ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Spirometry ; Vital Capacity

Congenital bronchial stenosis is a rare condition with variable symptoms of presentation. Affected patients are usually asymptomatic, but because of the reduced airway, cough, cyanosis and respiratory distress may be presented. We report a 19 month-old girl with a recurrent history of severe wheezing, dyspnea and cyanosis accompanied by lower respiratory tract infections. Young children with severe respiratory symptoms and no immunological abnormalities must be suspected of airway structural abnormalities.
Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cough ; Cyanosis ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Organic Chemicals ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory System ; Respiratory Tract Infections

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of body fluid status after kidney transplantation (KT) and to find out the associated factors. METHODS: Forty-five patients who had received KT were classified into hemodialysis (n=32), peritoneal dialysis (n=5), and preemptive (n=8) groups by dialysis modality. %TBW, %ECF, %ICF, and edema index which were examined by bioelectrical impedance analysis as well as clinical parameters were prospectively measured before KT and 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month after KT. RESULTS: Before KT, there were no significant differences in all of the parameters listed above among the three groups. Mean %TBW and %ICF were not different compared to those of before KT. In contrast, mean %ECF markedly decreased within 1st month (before KT 21.13+/-3.04 L/kg, 1st month 20.03+/-2.37 L/kg, 3rd month 19.61+/-2.18 L/kg, 6th month 18.32+/-5.02 L/kg: p=0.007, p<0.001, p=0.001, respectively). Edema index also decreased from 1st month (1st month 0.354+/-0.014, 3rd month 0.352+/-0.011, 6th month 0.348+/-0.014: p=0.016, p=0.012, respectively). Only edema index was higher at 1st and 3rd month in hemodialysis group. Serum creatinine and 24 hour urine total protein were positively correlated with %ECF at 1st and 3rd month, and with %TBW at 3rd month. CONCLUSION: The recovery of body water distribution after KT starts with reduction of ECF within the 1st month. Serum creatinine and proteinuria are related to the recovery. No significant difference according to dialysis modality was found. Further study with larger sample size is necessary to confirm these findings.
Body Composition ; Body Fluids ; Body Water ; Creatinine ; Dialysis ; Edema ; Electric Impedance ; Extracellular Fluid ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Prospective Studies ; Proteinuria ; Renal Dialysis ; Sample Size ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was evaluation of the current status of medical students' documentation of patient medical records METHODS: We checked the completeness, appropriateness, and accuracy of 95 Subjective-Objective-Assessment-Plan (SOAP) notes documented by third-year medical students who participated in clinical skill tests on December 1, 2014. Students were required to complete the SOAP note within 15 minutes of an standard patient (SP)-encounter with a SP complaining rhinorrhea and warring about meningitis. RESULTS: Of the 95 SOAP notes reviewed, 36.8% were not signed. Only 27.4% documented the patient's symptoms under the Objective component, although all students completed the Subjective notes appropriately. A possible diagnosis was assessed by 94.7% students. Plans were described in 94.7% of the SOAP notes. Over half the students planned workups (56.7%) for diagnosis and treatment (52.6%). Accurate documentation of the symptoms, physical findings, diagnoses, and plans were provided in 78.9%, 9.5%, 62.1%, and 38.0% notes, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that third-year medical students' SOAP notes were not complete, appropriate, or accurate. The most significant problems with completeness were the omission of students' signatures, and inappropriate documentation of the physical examinations conducted. An education and assessment program for complete and accurate medical recording has to be developed.
Clinical Competence ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Meningitis ; Physical Examination ; Pilot Projects* ; Soaps* ; Students, Medical*

PURPOSE: To assess the value of first-trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), nuchal translucency (NT) and second-trimester alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and inhibin-A in predicting pregnancy complications other than fetal aneuploidy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study in 3,121 singleton pregnancies with integrated testing was performed at Kangnam CHA hospital between January 2005 and December 2006. Baseline characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, and serum marker levels were obtained by review of the medical records. We analyzed the data to identify associations between the integrated screening markers and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS program. RESULTS: In preterm labor and preeclampsia, high AFP, hCG, and inhibin-A levels and low PAPP-A and NT levels were found to be significantly correlated (P<0.05). Elevated second-trimester inhibin- A levels were associated with preeclampsia (odds ratio 2.843), low birth weight (odds ratio 1.446), and preterm labor (odds ratio 1.287), and while decreased first-trimester PAPP-A levels were associated with preeclampsia (odds ratio 0.51) and preterm labor (odds ratio 0.75). CONCLUSION: First- and second-trimester maternal serum markers screening can be used for predicting high-risk pregnancies.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Biomarkers ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Down Syndrome ; Estriol ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Nuchal Translucency Measurement ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy, High-Risk ; Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Orphan lung diseases are defined as lung diseases with a prevalence of 1 or less in 2,000 individuals. Despite an increase in the numbers of patients with such diseases, few studies on Korean children have appeared. To obtain epidemiologic and demographic data on these diseases, we systematically reviewed reports on pediatric orphan lung diseases in Korea over the last 50 years. METHODS: We reviewed 223 articles that have appeared since 1958 on orphan lung diseases in Korean children. These articles described a total of 519 patients aged between 0 and 18 years. We classified patients by year of publication, diagnosis, geographic region, and journal. RESULTS: Of 519 patients, 401 had congenital cystic lung diseases and 66 had bronchiolitis obliterans. About 80% of patients were described in reports published in three journals, Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease (Korea), the Korean Journal of Pediatrics, and the Korean Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, in which papers on 157 (30.2%), 138 (26.6%), and 111 (21.4%) patients appeared, respectively. The frequency of publication of case reports has increased since 1990. Of the 519 patients, 401 (77.3%) were from Seoul/Gyeonggi-do and 72 (13.9%) from Busan/Gyeongsangnam-do. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pediatric orphan lung disease has increased since 1990, and some provinces of Korea have a higher incidence of these diseases than do others. Studies exploring the incidence of pediatric orphan lung diseases in Korea are needed for effective disease management.
Aged ; Bronchiolitis Obliterans ; Child ; Child, Orphaned ; Disease Management ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Pediatrics ; Prevalence ; Publications