BACKGROUND: Primary stenting as a direct reperfusion procedure after acute myocardial infarction might reduce recurrent myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization. However, result of long or multiple stenting in the long or tandem lesions were not known. METHOD: From Jan. 1996 to Dec. 1998, patients with acute myocardial infarction including cardiogenic shock were undergone primary stenting using long or multiple stent. The clinical end points were death, recurrent infarction, subsequent bypass surgery, or repeat angioplasty of the infarct-related vessel. The results were compared with age, sex, lesion, and risk matched standard stenting group. RESULT: Baseline characteristics were similar for the 20 patients who underwent standard length stenting and the 13 patients who underwent long or multiple stenting. Stent diameter was similar in two group (3.4+/-0.3 mm vs. 3.5+/-0.4 mm, p=0.65), but total stent length was longer in long or multiple stenting group (15.5+/-1.8 mm vs. 40.18.4 mm, p=0.01). Average numbers of stent using in multiple stenting were 1.5+/-0.7. Stenting in the infarct-related artery was successful in all patients randomized to stent treatment. At 6 months, the incidence of the primary end point was 25% (5/20) in the standard stent group and 31%(4/13) in the long or multiple stent group (p=0.5). CONCLUSION: Outcomes of long or multiple stenting including mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization was similar to standard stenting. Long or multiple stenting after acute myocardial infarction may possible procedure in some selective cases having long or tandem lesion.
Angioplasty* ; Arteries ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Reperfusion ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Stents*

Nonpathogenic Neisseria, normal inhabitants of the human nasopharynx, are known to cause occasional infections including such severe ones as septicemia, meningitis and endocarditis. Recently two strains of so called nonpathogenic. Neisseria, identified as N. subflava, were isolated from blood specimens of two different patients. One patient had meningitis, septicemia and subacute bacterial endocarditis while the other had septicemia. Pigment production by both of the strains was not definite and only a light yellow color was observed after prolonged incubation. However, the isolates showed bacteriological characteristics of N. subflava, namely gramnegative diplococci which were oxidase positive, acid production from fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose but not from lactose or mannitol; and iodine reacting polysaccharide production from sucrose. One of the patients revealed serum agglutinin titers up to 1 : 640 against the isolate.
Adult ; Case Report ; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial/microbiology* ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Meningitis/microbiology* ; Middle Age ; Neisseria/isolation & purification* ; Septicemia/microbiology*

Authors evaluated the electrocardiographic criteria of Minnesota Code (III-1, III-2) for the diagnosis of left and right ventricular hypertrophy in 93 cases of healthy peoples, 74 cases of left ventricular hypertrophy and 4 cases of right ventricular hypertrophy and following results were obtained. 1. By left ventricular hypertropy criteria (III-1), there were 5.4% of false positive and 14.9% of false negative cases. 2. By right ventricular hypertrophy criteria III-2), there were 24.7% of false positive and 20.0% of false negative cases. 3. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy by Minnesota Code (III-1, III-2) were more reliable criteria than many other criteria of ventricular hypertrophy.
Diagnosis* ; Electrocardiography ; Hypertrophy* ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Minnesota*

von Gierke disease (type Ia glycogen storage disease) is an inherited disease associated with accumulation of glycogen in the liver, kidney, intestine and erythrocytes due to the defect of glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Hepatomegaly, doll face, anemia, bleeding tendency and increased susceptability to infection are common features observed during infancy. Hypoglycemia especially fasting hypoglycemia is typical metabolic derangement in this disease, followed by metabolic acidosis, lactic acidemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and platelets dysfunction. We experienced a case of von Gierke disease in 6 month-old boy with doll face, hepatomegaly, fasting hypoglycemia, acidosis, anemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and acetonuria. Diagnosis was confirmed by light- and electron microscopic examination of liver biopsy specimen, which revealed hepatocytes filled with dense pools of glycogen and many lipid droplets. Cornstarch dietary therapy for him had favorable responses showing improvement of hypoglycemia, other metabolic derangements, and regression of hepatomegaly.
Acidosis ; Anemia ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Erythrocytes ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase ; Glycogen ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type I* ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatocytes ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hyperuricemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Infant ; Intestines ; Ketosis ; Kidney ; Liver ; Male ; Starch

von Gierke disease (type Ia glycogen storage disease) is an inherited disease associated with accumulation of glycogen in the liver, kidney, intestine and erythrocytes due to the defect of glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Hepatomegaly, doll face, anemia, bleeding tendency and increased susceptability to infection are common features observed during infancy. Hypoglycemia especially fasting hypoglycemia is typical metabolic derangement in this disease, followed by metabolic acidosis, lactic acidemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and platelets dysfunction. We experienced a case of von Gierke disease in 6 month-old boy with doll face, hepatomegaly, fasting hypoglycemia, acidosis, anemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and acetonuria. Diagnosis was confirmed by light- and electron microscopic examination of liver biopsy specimen, which revealed hepatocytes filled with dense pools of glycogen and many lipid droplets. Cornstarch dietary therapy for him had favorable responses showing improvement of hypoglycemia, other metabolic derangements, and regression of hepatomegaly.
Acidosis ; Anemia ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Erythrocytes ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase ; Glycogen ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type I* ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatocytes ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hyperuricemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Infant ; Intestines ; Ketosis ; Kidney ; Liver ; Male ; Starch

BACKGROUND: The isoenzyme of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), islet associated antigen (IA2, IAA) and insulin are known to be the major target antigens of pancreatic islet cell autoantibody as a predictor of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Generally radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods are used for these autoantibodies but inconvenience of dealing with radioisotope have made enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed for clinical utilization. But, lack of evaluation or comparison studies of these two methods for autoantibodies make laboratories hesitate to adopt. METHODS: We measured the glutamate decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA), insulin autoantibody (IAA) and pancreatic islet cell autoantibodies (ICA) by a commercial ELISA method in 34 patients with type 1 DM, and 31 patients with type 2 DM, and 32 healthy control group. Conventional RIA was performed concurrently and compared for GADA and IAA. ICA was measured by conventional indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA). The obtained results were compared and also C-peptide level was measured as a marker for residual function of islet cell of pancreas. RESULTS: Each autoantibody measured by ELISA in type 1 DM showed positive rate of 11.8% and for ICA, 26.5% for GADA, and 35.3% for IAA. The positive rate of the same group of type 1 DM when using RIA were 76.5% for GADA far exceeding that of ELISA method, and 29.4% for IAA. The percentage of positivity in combination of the ELISA methods for ICA and GAD yielded 29.4%, ICA plus IAA showed 38.2%, and GAD plus IAA was 52.9%, respectively. IAA positive rates in two groups divided by the age of 10 showed no significant difference. The presence of the autoantibodies did not influenced the C-peptide level. CONCLUSIONS: Further large scale studies including prediabetic state and autoimmune diabetes are required to establish the accurate diagnostic method of islet cell autoantibodies. But, presently ELISA method was considered that more improvement was needed for reliable and comparable results especially GADA.
Autoantibodies* ; C-Peptide ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Glutamate Decarboxylase ; Humans ; Insulin ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Pancreas ; Prediabetic State ; Radioimmunoassay

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure family resilience for Korean families with a chronically ill child, and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument. METHOD: The items of instruments used based on the researchers' previous study of concept analysis of Korean family resilience. Nineteen item scales were developed with five domains. In order to test reliability and validity of the scale, data were collected from 231 families, who had a child with a chronic illness. Data was collected between August and September of 2001 in a 3rd level University Hospital in Seoul, Korea. RESULT: The results were as follows: As a result of the item analysis, 19 items were selected from the total of 37 items, excluding items with low correlation with the total scale. Five factors were evolved by factor analysis, which explained 56.4% of the total variance. The first factor 'Family strength' explained 28.5%, 2nd factor 'Family maturity' 8.7%, 3rd factor 'The ability to use of external resources' 7.0%, 4th factor 'Control' 6.6%, 5th factor 'The driving force for finance' 5.7%. The attributes in these factors were different with those identified by concept analysis of the family resilience in Korean families from the previous study. Cronbach's alphacoefficient of this scale was .8039 and Guttman spilt- half coefficient was .8184. CONCLUSION: The study support the reliability and validity of the scale. Because the main concept of family resilience was family strength, there were distinct differences in dimensions of family functioning scales.
Child ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Korea ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seoul ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify experiences of nurses who served as preceptors in clinical education for senior student nurses in a college of medicine in Wonju city. METHOD: Data was collected from 20 preceptors instructing senior student nurses in 2001 using a self-completion questionnaire. To analyze data, content analysis was done using an analysis scheme developed by the investigators. RESULT: The analysis scheme consisted of 7 categories and 25 subcategories. 135 significant statements were analyzed and categorized. Preceptors indicated that they were role models, socialization facilitators and educators while instructing students in the clinical practicum. In performing the preceptors' role, preceptors reported that their most important change was self-enhancement,and positive experience was a constructive work atmosphere. The most important factor facilitating the preceptors' role performance was support from head nurses, and the most discouraging factor was work loads. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that interventions for encouragement and socialization of preceptors should be developed to promote clinical education for senior student nurses.
Adult ; *Education, Nursing ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; *Preceptorship/methods

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify experiences of nurses who served as preceptors in clinical education for senior student nurses in a college of medicine in Wonju city. METHOD: Data was collected from 20 preceptors instructing senior student nurses in 2001 using a self-completion questionnaire. To analyze data, content analysis was done using an analysis scheme developed by the investigators. RESULT: The analysis scheme consisted of 7 categories and 25 subcategories. 135 significant statements were analyzed and categorized. Preceptors indicated that they were role models, socialization facilitators and educators while instructing students in the clinical practicum. In performing the preceptors' role, preceptors reported that their most important change was self-enhancement,and positive experience was a constructive work atmosphere. The most important factor facilitating the preceptors' role performance was support from head nurses, and the most discouraging factor was work loads. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that interventions for encouragement and socialization of preceptors should be developed to promote clinical education for senior student nurses.
Adult ; *Education, Nursing ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; *Preceptorship/methods

BACKGROUND: The aberrant promoter hypermethylation of p16(INK4a), as a tumor suppressor gene, is contributory factor to non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). However, its potential diagnostic impact of lung cancer is unclear. This study measured the level of p16(INK4a) promoter hypermethylation in the sputum and blood, and compared this with the level measured in the tissue obtained from NSCLC and pulmonary inflammation. METHODS: Of the patients who visited the Our Lady of Mercy Hospital in Incheon, Korea for an evaluation of a lung mass and underwent blood, sputum, and tissue tests, 23patients (18 NSCLC, 5 pulmonary inflammation) were enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted from each sample and the level of p16(INK4a) methylation was determined using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: p16(INK4a) methylation of the blood was observed in 88.9% (16 of 18) and 20.0% (1 of 5) of NSCLC and from pulmonary inflammation samples, respectively (P=0.008). Methylation of the sputum was observed in 83.3% (10 of 12) 80.0% (4 of 5) of NSCLC and pulmonary inflammation samples, respectively (P=1.00). Among the 8 NSCLC tissue samples, methylation changes were detected in 75.0% of samples (6 cases). Four out of seven tissue samples (57.1%) showed concordance, being methylated in both the blood and sputum. CONCLUSIONS: There was a higher level of p16(INK4a) methylation of the blood from NSCLC patients than from pulmonary inflammation. The tissue showed a high concordance with the blood in the NSCLC samples. These findings suggest that p16(INK4a) promoter hypermethylation of the blood can used to discriminate between NSCLC and pulmonary inflammation.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16* ; DNA ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Incheon ; Korea ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Methylation ; Pneumonia* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sputum*