OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of recognition on the restructuring of the psychosocial well-being of the workers. METHODS: 302 employees were recruited by a stratified random sampling method, from a company located in Seoul, which undergoing an administrative evaluation, in 2001. Subjects were asked to fill out questionnaire sheet on their recognition of the restructuring, and were questions on their psychosocial well-being. A one-way ANOVA and a multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: For the psychological well-being, the levels of social performance and self-confidence were significantly different relation to age, educational attainment, marital status, insecurity recogni-tion, and competency recognition. According to the result of the multiple regression analysis, the insecurity recognition was found to significantly affect the social performance and self-confidence, depression, sleep disturbance and anx-iety, general well-being and vitality, whereas the competency recognition affected the social perfor-mance and self-confidence, sleep disturbance and anxiety, and overall psychosocial well-being. CONCLUSION: The insecurity and competency recognitions against the restructuring were found to be the major factors affecting the workers psychosocial well-being. It is suggested that a decreased worker's insecurity recognition of the restructuring, and the competency recognition for the workers psychosocial health needs require promoting.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Marital Status ; Questionnaires ; Seoul

The present study was conducted to investigate dietary habits and biochemical indices according to the obesity index of elementary school students visiting a hospital for diagnosis. The subjects of this study were 150 elementary school students and their mothers. The overweight rates of child subjects were 37.5% for males and 40.9% for females, whereas the rates of underweight children were 35.0% for males and 14.5% for females. Children's obesity index significantly decreased with an increase in the average monthly income of children's families. Children's obesity index, mothers's weights, BMI, and percent ideal body weight were all positively correlated. Blood biochemical values in children (hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, globulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels) and their obesity index also showed positive correlation. For the underweight group, the frequency of iron-deficiency anemia was significantly high, whereas for the overweight group, the frequency of dyslipidemia was high. There was a significant increase in children's obesity index and a decrease in frequency of regular exercise with time spent on the TV/computer. The normal weight group recorded the highest total scores for mothers' nutritional knowledge, whereas the overweight group recorded the lowest total scores. Therefore, to maintain healthy weight in children, nutritional education programs for mothers and children should be developed.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Dyslipidemias ; Female ; Food Habits ; Glucose ; Hematocrit ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Male ; Mothers ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Thinness ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mothers* ; Thrombocytopenia

PURPOSE: This descriptive study was done to identify factors that influence stress related to clinical practice for nursing students. METHODS: Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 278 students from two nursing colleges located in G metropolitan city and one nursing college in C region. RESULTS: The factors that most influenced stress for the nursing students during their clinical practice were critical thinking disposition, clinical competence, year, and gender. Especially, the result showed that higher critical thinking disposition and clinical competence correlated with lower stress in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that improving nursing students' critical thinking ability and clinical competence would help to relieve stress during clinical practice and increase the ability to cope with stress efficiently. The development of a variety of teaching and learning strategies and education in both theoretical and clinical practice education would be necessary to achieve this goal.
Clinical Competence ; Education ; Humans ; Learning ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing* ; Thinking

This study was understand in order to examine the effect of hardness on stress-causing factors, defined in this study as burnout in nursing. The subjects were 248 nurses working in three general hospitals in Taejon. The instruments used for this study were a survey of general characteristics, modified Health-Related Hardiness Scale(HRHS) (25 items), job stress scale (63 items), and burnout scale(20 items). Analysis of data was done through the mean, percentage, Person correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression done with a SAS program. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The average item score for the job stress was high at 4.44. In the subcategories, the highest degree of stress was night duty(5.11), and work overload(4.70), responsibility for extra affairs(4.70), conflict in nurse-doctor relationships(4.69), and low reward (4.63) in that order. 2) In the stepwise multiple regression analysis, hardiness(11.55%) was a significant determinant of burnout along with job stress(17.24%) and job duration(12.94%). The results of this study show that hardiness has an effect on psychological distress caused by stress.
Daejeon ; Hardness ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Nursing ; Reward

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To our knowledge, there had been no evidence for the efficacy of psychosocial intervention among Korean breast cancer patients. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a psychosocial group intervention in reducing psychologic distress and enhancing coping in this population. METHODS: The patient selection criteria were age younger than 70 years, undergoing any postoperative adjuvant therapy, and surgery undergone within the previous 3~6 months as of the start of the study. There were 30 patients that met this criteria. There was no wait-list control group because none of the eligible patients desired to stay in the wait-list control group. Therefore a one group pretest-posttest design was used. We conducted an 8-week, structured, psychosocial group intervention that used psychoeducational strategies combining education and psychological support. Subjects were assessed for psychological distress and coping by administering the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised (WCCL-R) at the baseline and at 8 weeks. RESULTS: Thirty patients participated and the results of 20 of these patients were used for the analysis as appropriate. The posttest results showed significantly lower scores than the pretest results for depression on the BDI (p<0.001), and for avoidance (p<0.001) and wishful thinking (p<0.001) on the WCCL-R. Additionally, the total score for coping on the WCCL-R showed a significant difference after the intervention (p=0.051). CONCLUSION: Despite some limitations, the results of this study suggest that short-term pshchosocial group intervention produces a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients with primary breast carcinoma in terms of managing depression and coping.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Depression ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; Quality of Life ; Thinking

PURPOSE: To our knowledge, there had been no evidence for the efficacy of psychosocial intervention among Korean breast cancer patients. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a psychosocial group intervention in reducing psychologic distress and enhancing coping in this population. METHODS: The patient selection criteria were age younger than 70 years, undergoing any postoperative adjuvant therapy, and surgery undergone within the previous 3~6 months as of the start of the study. There were 30 patients that met this criteria. There was no wait-list control group because none of the eligible patients desired to stay in the wait-list control group. Therefore a one group pretest-posttest design was used. We conducted an 8-week, structured, psychosocial group intervention that used psychoeducational strategies combining education and psychological support. Subjects were assessed for psychological distress and coping by administering the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised (WCCL-R) at the baseline and at 8 weeks. RESULTS: Thirty patients participated and the results of 20 of these patients were used for the analysis as appropriate. The posttest results showed significantly lower scores than the pretest results for depression on the BDI (p<0.001), and for avoidance (p<0.001) and wishful thinking (p<0.001) on the WCCL-R. Additionally, the total score for coping on the WCCL-R showed a significant difference after the intervention (p=0.051). CONCLUSION: Despite some limitations, the results of this study suggest that short-term pshchosocial group intervention produces a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients with primary breast carcinoma in terms of managing depression and coping.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Depression ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; Quality of Life ; Thinking

BACKGROUND: Calcipotriol(MC903), a new vitamin D(3) analogue, has been reported to be effective in the treatment of patients with psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of calcipotriol on proliferation and differentiation of the keratinocytes in monolayer cultures and three-dimensional cultures. METHODS: Using moriolayer cultures, we examined morphological changes of keratinocytes and performed [(3)H]thymidine incorporation after calcipotriol was added into the medium. Using three dimensional cultures, we performed two experiments: one with cultures treated with calcipotriol immediately after the keratinocytes had been exposed to the air and another set of cultures treated with calcipotriol after three dimensional morphogenesis of the keratinocytes. We examined morphological changes of keraitinocytes and performed a immunohistochemical study for proliferation differentiation markers RESULTS: In monolayer cultures, at calcipotriol concentrations of 10(-9)M-10(-6)M, keratinocytes became larger, more irregular, and flattened in a dose-dependent manner. At 10(-9)M-10(-6)M, [3Hl thymidine incorporatiorn was decreased dose-dependently as compared to the control culture. In the first experiment using three-dimensional cultures, at 10(-9)M-10(-6)M, total epidermal layers were thinned. This was associated with thinnings of nucleated and horny layers in a dose dependent manner. In the seconcd experiment using three-dimensional cultures, at 10(-8)M-10(-6)M, nucleated layers were thinned in a dose dependent manner, but the horny layer was slightly thickened, as compared to the control culture. Immunohistochemical studies showed a reduction of differentiation markers such as keratin 1, involucrin, filaggrin, loricrin consistent with a thinning of nucleated layers in the epidermal architecture in both experiments. In the basal layer, at 10(-9)M-10(-6), PCNA-positive cells were and BrdU-positive cells were decreased dose-dependently as compared to the control culture. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we demonstrated that at 10(-9)M-10(-6) calcipotriol inhibited keratinocytes proliferation and stimulated keratinocytes differentiation in a dose-dependent manner.
Antigens, Differentiation ; Humans* ; Keratin-1 ; Keratinocytes* ; Morphogenesis ; Psoriasis ; Thymidine ; Vitamins

Fifty nine patients of tuverculous menigiis who were admitted to the Pediatric department of Seoul Red Cross Hospital during the period from March, 1976 to December 1977 were treated with rifampin in addition to isoniazid and streptomycin injection, and Compaired with 135 cases of tuberculous meningitis who were admitted during the period from January, 1971 to December, 1975. The contrast group was composed of 21 cases who obtained as folows. 1) Out of 59 patients givern rifampin, only 5 patients died resulting in lower motality rate (8.5%) whereas 20 patients died out of 135 cases given PAS regimen showing 14.8% of motality rate. 2) Seven cases on each stage of PAS regimen group and 10 cases of stage I, 9 cases of stage II and III of rifampin group were reviewed for the respects of defeveration, durratio of disappearance of meningeal irritation signs, improvements of conciousness and neurological defects and self feeding ability. It was very hard to conclude the superiority on one group because of the similarity of days needed for the improvement. However, superior results with rifampin regimen could be mentioned among the patients with second and third stage of tuberculous meningitis for the clinical improvements. 3) Serial examination of cerebrospinal fluids of the cases in 3 stage revealed no direct relationship either for the clinical improvements or the for ultimate outcome of the patients themselves. C. S. F. improvements were observed in average within one to three weeks. 4) Side effects of fifampin ; the level of SGOT, SGPT and bilirubin at the time of of admission wrer all normal. Twenty-one cases out of 41 patients showed the impairment of liver function after the first to second week of treatment with the dosage of 15-20mg/kg/day. In 3 out of 21 cases, the drug had to be discontinued, owing to the futher elevation of SGOT and SGPT but in 18 out of 21 cases, liver function was gradually normalized within one to two weeks after the dosage of rifampin had been reduced down to 10mg/kg/day. There was no evidence of impairment of liver function on the follow-up evaluation from 4 to 10 months later. And there were no significant changes in Hb, Hct, platelet counts during the course of the therapy. The hepatitis, the well known side effects such as hemolytic anemia, skin rashes and G-I tract disturbance were not observed during the course of treatment. Bases on the above observations that rifampin reduced the motality and shortened the duration of clinical manifestation without the serious side effects except for transient hepatitis, rifampin plus isoniazid would seem to be preferred for the patients who are seen at the late stage of the disease. We know that the number of cases of this study is not enough to draw the definite conclusion of the superiority of rifampin, however, the of these prelininary observations seemed to cast a bright light for the futher trial and follow up observations.
Alanine Transaminase ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bilirubin ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child* ; Exanthema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; Liver ; Platelet Count ; Red Cross ; Rifampin* ; Seoul ; Streptomycin ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal*