No abstract available.
Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Humans

Increases in cardiovascular disease (CVD) in modern society are attributable to aging and lifestyle changes such as westernized diet and decreased physical activity. On the other hand, mounting evidence suggests that environmental pollutants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are also related to the increases in CVD. POPs are a family of lipophilic stable chemicals that accumulate in adipose tissue and create a persistent toxic effect. The association between POPs and CVD is reported through epidemiologic, animal and in vitro studies. The association between BPA and CVD has also been established from many epidemiologic studies; however, a causal relationship remains uncertain. Exposure to POPs or BPA is also associated with the development of well-known CV risk factors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Therefore, it is uncertain whether POPs and BPA are involved directly to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis or indirectly associated with CVD. Additional longitudinal and experimental studies searching for the direct causal relationship and exact linking mechanisms should be conducted to investigate the effect of exposure to environmental pollutants such as POPs and BPA.
Adipose Tissue ; Aging ; Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diet ; Environmental Pollutants ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Life Style ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Risk Factors

Scars on anterior chest after operative correction of funnel chest have been the challenging problem despite introduction of refined techiniques by numerous authors. From December 1996 to September 1998, the authors have performed prefabricated silicone implant insertion in eight female patients presenting funnel chest, using transaxillary approaches instead of substernal or inframammary incisions. In two of eight patients, augmentation mammaplasty was performed simultaneously. Except one case of seroma occurred in early stages, all eight cases of pectus excavatum were satisfactorily reconstructed by this technique. All eight patients expressed their satisfaction with the results during the follow-up visits made between 3 months and 3 years. In conclusion, endoscopic transaxillary approach for the scarless anterior chest can be useful technique in aesthetic correction of the funnel chest.
Cicatrix ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Funnel Chest* ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Seroma ; Silicones* ; Thorax

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Adiponectin* ; Risk Factors*

No abstract available.
Humans

Both Adult Treatment Panel III(ATP III) and International diabetes Federation(IDF) adopted impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as one of the criteria for identifying individuals with metabolic syndrome. However, many studies have shown that IGT is a better predictor of cardiovascular disease(CVD) than IFG. Recently the American Diabetes Association(ADA) revised the diagnostic criteria for IFG, lowering the diagnostic threshold from 110 mg/dL to 100 mg/dL to improve the alignment of IFG and IGT. Although the revised definition of IFG increases the prevalence of metabolic syndrome as well as that of IFG, relative risk of CVD is still lower than that of IGT. The clinical and public health implications of the revised IFG definition remain to be elucidated.
Adult ; Fasting* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Public Health

Insulin resistance is the main pathophysiologic abnormality of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance and resultant compensatory hyperinsulinemia are closely associated with other important cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and artherosclerosis. Genetic factors and environmental factors such as obesity and physical inactivity contribute to the development of insulin resistance. Recently mitochondrial dysfunction, ER (endoplasmic Reticulum) stress and inflammation has been known to be linked with insulin resistance. At present, lifestyle modification and metformin and thiazolidinediones are known to reduce insulin resistance with some limitations. Considering both clinical importance of insulin resistance and rapid advances in our understanding of pathogenesis of insulin resistance, new therapeutic strategies based on novel molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance are anticipated
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Dyslipidemias ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hypertension ; Inflammation ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Life Style ; Metformin ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Thiazolidinediones