No abstract available.
Humans

The cathepsin D is a lysosomal protease secreted in excess by breast cancer cells. The function of this enzyme is degradation of the extracellular matrix and proteoglycan. It is induced by estrogens in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell lines. On the basis of this, cathepsin D expression in breast cancer cells seems to be correlated with the prognosis. But there is debates in its prognostic significance. Relationship between cathepsin D expression and other prognostic factors of breast cancer was studied. We investigated 51 cases of invasive ductal cell carcinoma of breast removed by open biopsy or mastectomy. All cases were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. We used 46-KD intermediate form of the enzyme for cathepsin D expression on immunohistochemical stain. We observed no significant correlation with age, stage, histologic grade, lymphatic invasion, and estrogen receptor status. Cathepsin D may be an independent factor which is not related with other prognostic factors, especially estrogen receptor status.
Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms

Eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian and Abt-Letterer-Siewe syndrome are known to be the same disease entity involving the reticulohistiocytic system of the body, although their clinical manifestations are different. So they were included under the term of Histiocytosis X and this concept has been generally accepted. The authors have experienced one case of Hand-Schuller-Christian disease and that of eosinophilic granuloma. The former was a 23 years old man with complaints of exophthalmos, polyuria and a tender palpable mass on the right parietal area and in the latter a soft pulastile mase located on the left parietal area in a 3 year old boy. There was no neurological deficits on their admission. We managed them with radiation and steroid therapy following surgical curettage.
Child, Preschool ; Curettage ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; Exophthalmos ; Histiocytosis* ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell* ; Humans ; Male ; Polyuria ; Rabeprazole ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Microcomputers* ; Survival Analysis*

PURPOSE: Thyroid disease is the most common form of endocrinologic disease. Despite recent advances in diagnosis, controversy still remains concerning the surgical management of thyroid disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical distribution and the inclination of surgical treatment for thyroid disease. METHODS: The medical records from 1,743 patients who had undergone thyroid resections for thyroid diseases between January 1989 and December 1998 at Kwangju Christian Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 1,743 patients with thyroid diseases, 1,285 had benign diseases and 458 had carcinomas, resulting in a 26.3% prevalence of malignancy. Female patients were predominate, being 6.89 times the number of males. The peak incidence of age was the 4th decade for patients with benign diseases (29.4%) and the 5th decade for those with malignant diseases (26.0%). Both benign (39.4%) and malignant diseases (42.1%) were more prevalent on the right lobe. The incidence of carcinomas was 28.9% in solitary nodules and 29.3% in multinodular goiters. In the histopathologic study, the most common type was a papillary carcinoma (84.5%) in malignancies and an adenomatous goiter (48.8%) in benign diseases. The most commonly performed surgical procedures were a total thyroidectomy (75.4%) for malignancies and a lobectomy for benign diseases (63.3%). Postoperative complications were 3.1% in patients with benign diseases and 29.7% in those with malignancies. Regional recurrence or distant metastases appeared in 5.5% of the patients during the 10 years following treatment. CONCLUSION: The treatments of choice were a thyroid lobectomy for patients with benign diseases and a total thyroidectomy for those with malignant diseases. However, the decision to perform a surgical resection should be based on the age and the general condition of patient.
Carcinoma, Papillary ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Goiter ; Gwangju ; Hospital Distribution Systems ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Postoperative Complications ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroidectomy

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular*

Accessory renal artery (ARA) is a kind of developmental anomaly in renal artery. It is important in respect to clinical medicine, for example primary hypertension, renovascular disease, inferior vena caval obstruction, ureteral obstruction, occurrence of other vascular anomalies such as accessory renal veins, surgical importance and renal transplantation. However, up to few research of ARA was reported in dissection of cadavers. In our dissecting theater, 12 accessory renal arteries for 10 cadavers were found during dissection the 22 cadavers from 1995 to 1996. 1. Two cases were bilateral and 8 cases were unilateral accessory renal arteries. 2. Seven cases were left and 5 cases were right accessory renal arteries. 3. Two cases originated at the abdominal aorta between celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery, 7 cases originated between superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery, and 3 cases originated below inferior mesenteric artery. 4. Seven cases have no branches during their courses, 4 cases have 3 branches, and a case has 2 branches. 5. Seven cases entered into renal parenchyma through renal hilum, 5 cases entered into apical and arterosuperior segments, and 6 cases entered into inferior segment.
Aorta, Abdominal ; Cadaver ; Clinical Medicine ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Kidney Transplantation ; Mesenteric Arteries ; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Renal Artery* ; Renal Veins ; Ureteral Obstruction

Of 489 asymptomatic women who were referred to our institute from other screening clinics, 46 were eventually proven to be breast cancer patients, and this number equated to 8.1% of the 565 breast cancer patients treated in our institute during the period of January 1997 to December 1998. Among the 46 cancer patients of the initial 489 asymptomatic women, twenty-five(54.35%) were detected by mammogram alone, six(13.04%) by clinical breast examination(CBE) alone, and the remaining 15(32.61%) by both mammogram and CBE. In context with age, the mammographic sensitivity for cancer detection was 100% for women aged over 60, 91% for 50s, 78.9% for 40s, and 75% for 30s, and inversely correlated with the patient's age. Among the 25 cancers detected by mammogram alone, 18(72%) belonged to DCIS or stage|. In contrast, four(66.7%) of six cancers detected by CBE alone and nine(60%) of 15 cancers by both CBE and mammography were included in stage II a or II b. However, the total incidence of early cancers(stage 0 and I) was significantly higher in the screening group than in the symptomatic group(P<0.01). These results suggest that the role of mammography is important in the detection of cancers in their earlier stage and CBE is helpful in reducing false negative results in breast cancer screening. In conclusion, film mammography is the best tool for the detection of microcalcification and is useful for the detection of earlier lesions, but is not perfect for the detection of breast cancer particularly in young women. A careful CBE is an essential part of breast screening in order to reduce false-negative results.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mammography ; Mass Screening

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic value of the S-phase fraction (SPF) and the correlation with other clinicopathologic factors in node negative breast cancer. METHODS: From 1995 to 1998, seventy one breast carcinoma tumors with T1-2N0M0 staging were prospectively sampled as fresh tumors for flow cytometric DNA analysis. We determined the nuclear DNA content, and the SPF was calculated from DNA histograms. We evaluated the relationship between the SPF and other clinicopathologic factors (age, tumor size, tumor grade and, steroid receptor status). The five year distant relapse free survival (DRFS) and overall survival (OS), according to the SPF, were determined. RESULTS: The SPF ranged from 0.1 to 50.9% (median: 13.4%). The SPF was dichotomized using the median value to divide patients into 38 patients (53.5%) having tumors with the low SPF and 33 patients (46.5%) having tumors with the high SPF. The patient's age and the tumor size were not significantly associated with the SPF. High SPF was associated with high tumor grade, but this did not reach statistical significance. There was a significant correlation between high SPF and estrogen receptor negativity; 34.4% of ER positive tumor had high SPF, whereas 58.3% of ER negative tumor had high SPF(p = 0.042). The mean follow up duration was 65.0 months (median: 62.3). Among 71 patients, there were 4 (5.6%) cases of local recurrence, 7 (9.9%) cases of systemic recurrence and 10 (14.1%) cases of disease related death. The patients with high SPF showed a poorer 5 years DRFS and OS than did the patients with low SPF (87.9% vs. 91.2%; 80.4% vs. 94.5%, respectively), but the difference had no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The present data was insufficient to use SPF information for the selection of the type of adjuvant therapy, but SPF is a promising prognostic factor for node negative breast cancer. Further study with a sufficient number of patients is needed and this should lead to a better understanding of SPF in node negative breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; DNA ; Estrogens ; Flow Cytometry ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Receptors, Steroid ; Recurrence