Almost all colorectal carcinomas have been thought to develop from pre-existing adenomas. However, some colorectal carcinomas can arise directly from normal flat mucosa, and usually form infiltrative mass at the early stage. The carcinogenesis of this infiltrative carcinoma may be different from the well-known adenoma-carcinoma sequence, which usually forms a polypoid mass. The purpose of this study is to investigate the different expression of various oncogenes in polypoid carcinoma and infiltrative carcinoma. We performed immunohistochemical staining on p53, bcl-2, c-erbB-2 and MIB-1 in 29 polypoid carcinomas arised from adenomas, and 21 infiltrative carcinomas. The average tumor size of infiltrative carcinomas (5.5 cm) was larger than that of polypoid carcinomas (3.1 cm), and the polypoid carcinomas were differentiated more than the infiltrative carcinomas. The results of p53, bcl-2, c-erbB-2, and MIB-1 antisera immunoreactivity in the polypoid carcinoma were 79%, 17%, 21%, and 100%, and those in the infiltrative carcinoma were 71%, 29%, 29%, and 100%, respectively. However the diffuse positivities of p53 and MIB-1 antisera were slightly higher in the infiltraive carcinomas (62%, 76%) than in the polypoid carcinomas (55%, 41%) (p=0.63, 0.01). And the results of p53 and c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity in the adenomas were 52% and 17%, respectively, which is significantly lower than that in the polypoid carcinoma(p=0.03, 0.74). The immunoreactivty of bcl-2 in the adenoma was 72%, which was significantly higher than that in the polypoid carcinoma (17%) (p<0.01). In summary, we did not show the significant difference in expression of p53, bcl-2, c-erbB-2, and MIB-1 proteins between polypoid and infiltrative carcinomas. However, the tendency of infiltrative carcinomas having a more aggressive nature suggests another carcinogenetic mechanism is involved in the colorectal carcinogenesis.
Adenoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Immune Sera ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Mucous Membrane ; Oncogenes

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Combined esophageal variceal ligation and sclerotherapy has been hypothesized to be more effective for the control of bleeding esophageal varices than ligation alone. The present study was to compare the combined therapy with ligation alone in terms of variceal eradication, rebleeding, complication and survival rates in patients with bleeding esophageal varices. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with bleeding esophageal varices were randomly assigned to receive ligation alone in 20 patients or the combined therapy in 18 patients. The clinical and endoscopic characteristics of patients in the ligation group were similar to those of patients in the combination group. In the combination group, 1-3 mL of ethanolamine was injected proximal to each ligated site. Treatments were repeated every 2- to 3-month until varices were eradicated. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the ligation and combination groups in variceal eradication rates (70% vs. 72%), numbers of endoscopic sessions required to achieve eradication (3.5+/-0.33 vs. 3.3+/-0.31), rebleeding rates (30% vs. 28%) or 2-yr cumulative survival rates (95% vs. 75%). There were significantly more complications in the combination group (25% vs. 89%, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Ligation alone is recommended rather than the combined ligation and sclerotherapy because of its lower complication rates.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Ethanolamine ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Sclerotherapy* ; Survival Rate ; Varicose Veins

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Combined esophageal variceal ligation and sclerotherapy has been hypothesized to be more effective for the control of bleeding esophageal varices than ligation alone. The present study was to compare the combined therapy with ligation alone in terms of variceal eradication, rebleeding, complication and survival rates in patients with bleeding esophageal varices. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with bleeding esophageal varices were randomly assigned to receive ligation alone in 20 patients or the combined therapy in 18 patients. The clinical and endoscopic characteristics of patients in the ligation group were similar to those of patients in the combination group. In the combination group, 1-3 mL of ethanolamine was injected proximal to each ligated site. Treatments were repeated every 2- to 3-month until varices were eradicated. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the ligation and combination groups in variceal eradication rates (70% vs. 72%), numbers of endoscopic sessions required to achieve eradication (3.5+/-0.33 vs. 3.3+/-0.31), rebleeding rates (30% vs. 28%) or 2-yr cumulative survival rates (95% vs. 75%). There were significantly more complications in the combination group (25% vs. 89%, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Ligation alone is recommended rather than the combined ligation and sclerotherapy because of its lower complication rates.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Ethanolamine ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Sclerotherapy* ; Survival Rate ; Varicose Veins

BACKGROUND: The HBV-PCR assay seems to be potentially valuable diagnostic tool for the evaluation of variable serologic status. However, the selection of the primer for HBV-PCR test may be very important because they can influence the HBV-PCR positivity. METHODS: We compared the results of primer HBV1/2 including famous 1896 and 1899 mutation sites with those of primer PHBV1/2 at precore/core region. HBV-PCR was tested in 87 HBsAg-positive patients using two sets of primers. The results were evaluated according to the primers and also compared the results with the clinical diagnosis and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level. RESULTS: The positive rate of PHBV primer was higher than HBV primer including mutation sites (nucleotide 1896 and 1899) in HBeAg-negative patients. According to the clinical diagnosis, the sensitivity of PHBV primer was higher than that of HBV primer in chronic hepatitis patients. There was no significant correlation between ALT level and HBV-PCR results. CONCLUSIONS: It is important that the selection of primer in HBV-PCR is important, because the primer including mutation sites may result in false negative results. PHBV primer used in this study could be useful for the detection of HBV-DNA by HBV-PCR.
Alanine Transaminase ; Diagnosis ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Bezafibrate, a fibric acid derivative related to clofibrate, is being used increasingly in the treatment of hypertriglycemia. It is relatively well tolerated at usual dosage, and has a low incidence of adverse reactions. But we had recently observed a reversible deterioration of renal function requiring hemodialysis, presumed to be caused by bezafibrate treatment in a patient with diabetic nephropathy. A 55 year old man was admitted with complaints of general weakness and painful lower extremities. He had taken bezafibrate (200 mg every 12 hours) for the previous 4 months because of hypertriglycemia. After admission, the drug was withdrawn, and he was treated conservatively management with hydration and diuretics for bezafibrate induced rhabdomyolysis. Nevertheless, his symptom was not improved, so he was taken even hemodialysis. These findings suggested that bezafibrate should be admistered with great caution to patient with renal insufficiency. When it is admistered, CK, LDH, aldolase, and sGOT levels have to be checked for early detection of potential side effect.
Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bezafibrate* ; Clofibrate ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Diuretics ; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Middle Aged ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Rhabdomyolysis*

Congentally corrected transposition of the great vessels can best be defined as a malformation in which the aorta and pulmonary artery are transposed in relation to each other but in which the flow of blood is in the physiologic direction. And in addition to the malposition of great vessels, there is an inversion of the ventrice,. Unfortunately this basic malformation seldom exists withot complicating cardiovascular anomalies. We had experienced a case of congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels associated with itral?insufficiency in 13year-old boy, who presented the most above mentioned findings. We have made diagnosis by cardiac catheterization and selective angiocardiographic study.
Aorta ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; Transposition of Great Vessels*

This is a clinical observation of congenital anomalies in 97newborn infants associated with hydramnios. These infants were born at severance Hospital, Wonju Christian Hospital and Jeonju Presbyterian Hospital from Jan. 1966 to Aug. 1975. The results were as follows: 1. The frequency of hydramnios was 86 cases in 25,566 deliveries in that period, which was 0.34%. 40infants (41.2%) has congenital anomlies of 97 infants associated with hydramnios by adding twin babies. 2. Hydramnios was associated with high incidence of prematurity and low-birth-weight infant. Who also has high incidence of anomalies 3. The incidence of associating anomalies was 77.8%(75 cases) and multiple anomaly was noticed in 37.5%(15 cases)of these infants. The most common organ involved with these anomalies was central nervous system in 32.0% (24 cases). 13 cases of anencephaly was included. 4. The perinatal mortality rate was 46.4%(45cases) and 60.0%(27cases) of these were associated with congenital anomalies. 20 (60.0%) of 33 live-births with congenital anomalies were died in neonatal period.
Anencephaly ; Central Nervous System ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Jeollabuk-do ; Perinatal Mortality ; Polyhydramnios* ; Protestantism ; Twins

Differences in ability to produce the specific phenolic glycolipid-Tb (PGL-Tb) antigen among Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains have been reported. One of the explanations would be the genotypic variation between the strains. In this study, we compared the DNA fragment patterns after digestion of DNA with various restriction enzymes between the PGL-Tb producing and non-producing strains of M. tuberculosis. Three clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis producing the PGL-Tb antigen detectable by thin-layer chromatography, and M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. bovis BCG not producing the antigen were grown in Sauton medium. The chromosomal DNA was digested with the restriction endonucleases, Eco RI, Sau3A I, BamH I, Xho I, Sma I, Pst I, Hinc II, and Bst EII. Most of the restriction enzymes used gave no clear DNA bands or no DNA fragment common just to the PGL-Tb producing strains. When DNAs were digested with Bst EII, however, there was a 13 kb DNA fragment common to the PGL-Tb producing isolates of M. tuberculosis and not present in the H37Rv strain and M. bovis BCG. This study thus suggests that there might be differences in DNA fragment patterns between the PLG-Tb producing and non-producing strains of M. tuberculosis.
Base Sequence ; Comparative Study ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Bacterial/*metabolism ; Glycolipids/*biosynthesis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*genetics/metabolism ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Tuberculosis/microbiology