Pediatric caudal anesthesia was done in 50 infants and children under 10 years of age, who were to undergo surgery of inguinal region. All cases were given 10mg/kg body weigh t of 1% lidocaine solution with epinephrine 1:200,000. The results were as follows: 1) Pediatric caudal anesthesia was simple, easy and reliable in technique. 2) Additional intravenous administration of Ketamine or pentothal sodium was needed. i.e., to provide a more cooperative state. 3) Anesthetic effect was judged very Excellent. 4) Cardiovascular and respiratory changes were minimal. Author's came to conclusion that caudal anesthesia for pediatric inguinal region surgery in reliable, simple in technique, favorable to surgeon, and is considered to be a good technique for pediatric anesthesia.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Caudal* ; Anesthetics ; Child ; Epinephrine ; Humans ; Infant ; Ketamine ; Lidocaine ; Sodium ; Thiopental

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Liver Abscess, Pyogenic*

No abstract available.
Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital*

No abstract available.

Plasma CO2 gas tension, tidal volume and peak inspiratory airway pressure were investigated before CO2gas insufflation, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after gas insufflation in 32 laparoscopic surgery patients to study the effects of intraabdominal CO2 gas insufflation during laparoscopic surgery under general endotracheal anesthesia with controlled ventilation. Our results were as follows 1) Arterial CO2 gas tension values were significantly higher 30 minutes after CO2 gas insufflation compared to before gas insufflation(36.8+/-4.2 mmHg vs. 28.3+/-6.8 mmHg). 2) Tidal volume was increased 30 minutes after CO2 gas insufflation compared to before gas insufflation(505.1+/-78.2 ml vs. 462.0+/-83.2 ml). 3) Peak inspiratory airway pressure was significantly increased 30 minutes after CO2 gas insufflation compared to before gas insufflation(16.4+/-1.7 cmH2O vs. 9.8+/-1.0 cmH2O). And these increasing states were maintained during laparoscopic surgery. As the above results show, during laparoscopic surgery using CO2 gas insufflation under general anesthesia with controlled ventilation, arterial CO2 gas tension, tidal volume and peak inspiratory airway pressure were significantly increased 30 minutes after CO2 gas insufflation. Cautions may be advised if laparoscopic surgery, by whatever operation, is indicated in subjects who are affected by increasing PaCO2 and peak inspiratory airway pressure.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Humans ; Insufflation* ; Laparoscopy* ; Plasma ; Tidal Volume* ; Ventilation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a mentoring program designed to help middle school girls from low income families cope with stress and improve self-esteem. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. The independent variable was the mentoring program, in which the mentors were nursing students and the mentees were middle school girls. The dependent variables were stress and self-esteem scores. The program was conducted using group activities and personal approaches through the mentor-mentee relationship. The program was conducted from September 1 to December 11, 2010 in a middle school in A city, South Korea. RESULTS: At follow-up, the stress and mental health scores had improved significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group. The self-esteem scores in the intervention group were significantly higher after the intervention than scores before the intervention. However there was no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that mentoring programs have the potential to be developmentally appropriate interventions for stress management and self-esteem improvement in adolescents from vulnerable families and also enable nursing students as mentors to gain confidence in their professional capability.
Adolescent ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Mentors ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; Poverty ; Students, Nursing

The calcium intake of elementary school students residing in Gyeongsangbukdo province from their school foodservice and milk program was evaluated. A total of 252 subjects (50.4% boys and 49.6% girls) were examined. A significant percentage of the total subjects (32.9%) reported skipping breakfast once or more per week, with the major reasons for skipping breakfast being a lack of time and appetite. A majority of the total subjects (78.2%) participated in the school milk program. The type of milk consumed by the subjects was mainly white milk, with a milk intake mostly between one and two cups. Participants in the school milk program consumed over the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of calcium, but non-participants consumed only 48.1% of the RNI (P<0.001). The calcium intake rate according to food cooking methods, from highest to lowest was in the order bap, twigim, jeon, jjim, and gui. Although the food intake rate of guk was low, the calcium intake rate by RNI was the highest for guk. On the other hand, the food intake rate of bap and kimchi was high, but their calcium intake rate by RNI was relatively low. These results show that non-participants in the school milk program are significantly deficient in calcium. Therefore, to improve the calcium nutrition for children, school lunch menus containing high calcium need to be developed and children should be encouraged to enter a school milk program.
Appetite ; Breakfast ; Calcium* ; Child ; Cooking ; Eating ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Hand ; Humans ; Lunch ; Methods ; Milk*

Breakfast is an important factor for health status of people. This study was carried out to investigate the dietary life related to breakfast of workers and to develope some nutritional convenient diets for the workers. The collected data were consisted of items about general characteristics of the subjects, breakfast pattern, factors affecting on breakfast and opinions on convenient foods. The subjects were classified into labor workers (n = 202) and office workers (n = 227) aged from twenties to fifties. The rate of skipping breakfast in workers was 31.5% and higher according to the increase of age. Their favorite style of breakfast was mostly Korean traditional diets, but only 38.1% of the subjects had cooked rice as breakfast. The main reason for skipping breakfast was that they had no time for it. But 65.4% of total workers had experiences of using convenience diets. They had these kinds of diets because of convenience. These results suggest that recipe development of convenient breakfast is very important for the good dietary life of the workers.
Breakfast* ; Daegu* ; Diet

A survey was conducted to investigate the current status of utilization of cyber nutritional information for teenagers and the reason for their need of such website content. In the four cities of Seoul, Daejeon, Gwangju and Daegu, in September and October, 2000, 1262 secondary school students were randomly selected. Survey results are summarized as follows: The participants searched for nutritional information by means of internet/PC communication for 137.0 +/- 100.6 (Mean +/- S.D.) minutes per day, mainly for the purpose of playing games, entertainment, chatting, or doing homework. Of the participants, 4.5% searched for nutritional information by means of internet/PC communication primarily for doing homework, and secondarily for reasons related to their own health or diet. Their satisfaction levels with the web sites used to obtain nutritional information was average. Needs assessments regarding the content of the web sites and the screen design showed that the teenagers wanted simple, clearly explained content, current information, easy access, less complicated screens and more use of characters. Only 8.1% of the participants had received nutritional counseling by means of internet/PC communication and 91% of them used it less than once a month, showing the very low utilization of nutritional counseling. The teenagers' main reasons for using nutritional counseling were related to their homework or diets, and their satisfaction levels regarding the counseling were below average. Poorly understood answers, and slow responses were mentioned. They had high interests in 'Diet for better growth,' 'Acne and diet,' 'Dental health and diet,' and 'Adolescent development'. These topics are mostly related to appearance. In conclusion, it is necessary to provide for teenagers, on nutritional information web sites, simple and well organized information, including simple graphics and characters, appropriate for their gender and age, as well as counseling sites offering kind and satisfying responses.
Adolescent* ; Counseling* ; Daegu ; Diet ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Needs Assessment* ; Seoul