PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of progressive resistance training (PRT) on body composition, physical fitness, quality of life, lipid and nutritional profile of patients on hemodialysis (HD). METHODS: A non equivalent comparison group pretest and posttest design study was used with 40 participants who were randomly assigned to the exercise group (20 participants) and the comparison group (20 participants). The exercise group received PRT for 30 minutes per session, 3 sessions a week, for 12 weeks, while the comparison group received usual care. The PRT consisted of upper and lower body exercises using elastic bands and sandbags. Outcome measures evaluated were: body composition, physical fitness, quality of life, and lipid profile. RESULTS: Skeletal muscle mass, grip, leg muscle strength, and quality of life all improved significantly in the exercise group. Body fat rate, total cholesterol and triglyceride rate decreased significantly in the exercise group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PRT improves body composition, physical fitness, quality of life, and lipid profile of patients on HD. PRT using elastic bands and sandbags can be utilized as part of a regular care plan for these patients.
Adult ; Aged ; *Body Composition ; Cholesterol/blood ; *Exercise ; Female ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Physical Fitness ; *Quality of Life ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Renal Dialysis ; Triglycerides/blood

Community-based centres were surveyed to determine the frequency of and risk factors for falls among elderly Koreans. We examined fall-related risk factors, including physiological and physical health, psychosocial functions, self-reported physical capacity and activity, vision, and the use of medication, among 351 elderly people aged 65 years or older, with ambulatory. Forty-two per cent of elderly Korean subjects reported at least one episode of falling in the previous 12 months, 38% of whom had consequences that required either the attention of a physician or hospitalization. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of falling were a restricted activity during the previous five years (adjusted OR 1.3), use of alternative therapy (adjusted OR 2.7), low knee flexor and extensor-muscle strength (adjusted OR 1.21 and 1.20), and poor balance with closed eyes (adjusted OR 8.32). We conclude that falls among older persons living in the community are common in Korea and that indicator of bad health and frailty or variables directly related to neuromuscular impairment are significant predictors of the risk of falling.
Accidental Falls/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data ; Accidents, Home/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data ; Activities of Daily Living ; Aged/physiology/psychology/*statistics & numerical data ; Aged, 80 and over ; Drug Utilization ; Female ; Gait ; Geriatric Assessment ; Health Status ; Housing/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Mental Health ; Population Surveillance ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Vision Disorders/complications/epidemiology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify occurrence of needle stick and sharp injuries(NSI) among students, level of faculty stress, and necessity of informed consent when students practice injection skills in fundamentals of nursing practice (FNP). METHODS: Data were collected using self-reporting questionnaires and 74 faculty members who teach FNP responded it. Questionnaires included general characteristics, experiences of NSI, stress level, and informed consent. Data were analyzed using frequency, percent and paired t-test. RESULTS: Of 74 faculty members, 51.4% experienced NSI 3~4 times or more during their FNP classes. Major procedures causing NSI during FNP were ‘ breaking the neck of ampules’, ‘ disposing of used items’, and ‘ inserting needles’. The stress level of faculty was higher and more than doubled when training with human beings compared to manikins. Most faculties (86.5%) agreed to the necessity of informed consent so that the safety of faculty and students could be protected and to provide enough information even though only 10.8% of faculty in this study got informed consent. CONCLUSION: Because there is high risk in every procedure of NSI, faculty has a high level of stress during injection practice in FNS. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a standard NSI precaution program for junior nursing students and discuss informed consent.
Humans ; Informed Consent* ; Manikins ; Neck ; Needles ; Needlestick Injuries* ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing

A randomized comparison of pre-and post-experimental design was used to examine the effects of a fall prevention exercise program (FPEP) on muscle strength, ankle flexibility, balance, instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and depression for the community-dwelling elderly in Korea. Twenty-two subjects were assigned to an experimental group and twenty-three to a control group. The experimental group participated in a 4-day-per week FPEP of 8 weeks duration, twice a week by direct instruction and twice a week with videotaped instruction by the program instructor at each senior center. The eight-week FPEP turned out to be significantly effective in enhancing muscle strength, ankle flexibility and balance, and in reducing depression, after intervention among community-dwelling elderly in Korea. IADLs, however, was not changed by the intervention. Further research with a larger sample and longer follow up period is needed to expand our understanding about the effects of FPEP. Future study is also recommended to differentiate between the effects of FPEP by direct instruction and by videotaped.
Accidental Falls/*prevention & control ; Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ankle/physiology ; *Exercise ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium ; Pliability ; Risk Reduction Behavior ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to develop directions for research on nursing practice education and also for standardization of contents of Fundamental Nursing Practice (FNP) by identifying and analyzing the present content and inconsistency in FNP textbooks. METHOD: Eleven FNP textbooks published between 2007 and 2013 were selected and itemized nursing contents were compared and analyzed. Nursing professors and practicingnurses prioritized contents identified from an actual condition survey based on theoretical reason and clinical guides for each item. RESULTS: Inconsistencies were found for 34 domains with 219 sub items and of them, 21 domains and 84 items needed to be standardized. Number of items that showed consistency between professors and nurses (ICC > or = .800) was 29 (34.5%) and for complete consistency (ICC=1), 4 (4.8%). Number of items that showed inconsistency between the groups (ICC< .600) was 30 (35.7%) and very low consistency (ICC=0), 10 (11.9%). CONCLUSION: The results indicate a difference between understood validity of content by professors and by nurses and technical differences among FNP textbooks. Therefore confirmation of the items needing to be standardized and differences in understanding content by professors and by nurses shows a need for standardization of practice education between course and clinical practice. These results provide basic data for developing standardized form of FNP education.
Education* ; Education, Nursing ; Nursing*

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the experience of physical and emotional safety in nursing students during fundamentals of nursing practicum. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2019. A total of 553 nursing students, who had completed fundamental nursing laboratories, participated in this study. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires which included questions about general characteristics, physical and emotional safety during fundamental nursing laboratories along with an informed consent given prior to the practicum. Results: Of the students, 26 experienced physical safety accidents, and 18 reported emotional safety accidents. Students' mean stress score for physical safety was 1.95, and the mean score for emotional safety was 1.92. Of the students, more than 59.1% agreed to volunteer as practice models in certain nursing procedures’ training. Of the students, 55.8% were satisfied with using their bodies to train fundamental nursing skills. 61.8% of students reported that informed consent was obtained during the nursing laboratory, and 88.6% of students thought that informed consent needs to be obtained. Conclusion To prevent safety accidents during the fundamentals of nursing practicum and systematically manage accidents, standardized safety guidelines for nursing practicum should be developed. Establishing various training strategies using advanced models or simulators to increase education efficiency and satisfaction is necessary.

BACKGROUND: Kt/V is an important index of adequacy of dialysis in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, it is difficult to prolong dialysis time in practice because of its economic impact and poor patient compliance. This study was performed to investigate the effect of increasing dialysis needle size on dialysis adequacy in HD patients. METHODS: This study enrolled 70 patients who received HD thrice weekly for more than 3 months using arteriovenous fistula or graft. The patients were divided into three groups according to the blood flow rate (200, 250, 300 mL/min). We first performed HD using 16 gauge needle. And then we increased needle size up to 15 gauge without change of any other dialysis conditions such as blood and dialysate flow rates, dialysis time, distance between needle insertion sites. RESULTS: Mean Kt/V at HD method using 15 gauge needle was increased, compared with HD method using 16 gauge needle (1.31+/-0.18 vs. 1.23+/-0.18, p<0.001). When comparing Kt/V according to the blood flow rate, increasing needle size from 16 gauge to 15 gauge significantly increased Kt/V at 250 mL/min and 300 mL/min. But there was no difference in Kt/V at 200 mL/min of blood flow rate. VDP at HD method using 15 gauge needle was decreased, compared with HD method using 16 gauge needle (88+/-23 mmHg vs. 118+/-28 mmHg, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that increasing dialysis needle size is safe and effective method in improving dialysis adequacy without increasing blood flow rate or dialysis time.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Dialysis* ; Humans ; Needles* ; Patient Compliance ; Renal Dialysis* ; Transplants