BACKGROUND: In these days of increasing need for medical treatment, and the trend of changing lifestyles for personal health care, the position of medical treatment has led to the increase of careful and various services to every member of the community. But the reality of medical treatment, including the present situation of the emergency room in general hospital is recognized as the cause of those dissatisfactions and complaints of both patients and their caregivers. So this study aims at contributing to the harmonious relation between doctor and patient. METHODS: This study has been carried out by the questionnaire method on the basis of the relatively reasonable 331 papers among 430 questionnaire papers of the patients and their caregivers hospitalized by way of the emergency room in Cheonju Yeong Dong Hospital from Sep. 1994 to Apr. 1995. RESULTS: Among 331 subjects of this questionnaire, there were 121 male patients(36.6%), 76 female patients(23.0%), 80 male caregivers(24.2%), 54 female caregivers. The subjects were compaced of 23 teenagers(7.8%), 74 in their twenties(22.4%), 135 in their thirties(40.8%), 52 in their fourties(15.7%), 29 in their fifties(8.8%), 12 in their sixties(3.6%), 6 in their seventies(1.8 %). Both patients and their caregivers seemed to have a great dissatisfactions and complaints, which can be extraneous to medical treatment. Many patients complained of the unbearable situations such as delayed pain control before after a first-aid treatment, as well as various poor condition of medical treatment in emergency room. Their caregives complained of the lack of a thought explanation of diagnosis and prognosis, as well as the tedious waiting time before taking medical teratment. There were many cases where the emergent patients took medical treatment with some dissatisfa'ctions and complaints of medical staffs or medical donditions. CONCLUSIONS: When using the emergency room in a general hospital, both patients and their caregivers experiance a great deal of dissatisfactions and complaints, which can be followed by a distrust of the hospital and an obstacle of medical treatment. The medical staff, such as the hospital authorities, doctors, and nurses should make various improvements upon the medical conditions of the emergency room in general hospital.
Caregivers ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Medical Staff ; Prognosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: This study aims to compare the surgical outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) using a screw compression method in simple humeral shaft fractures. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed with 50 patients who had surgical interventions for the treatment of simple humeral shaft fractures and had follow-ups of at least 12 months in Ulsan University Hospital between August 2008 and June 2015. Group 1 included 23 patients treated with ORIF and group 2 included 27 patients treated with the MIPO technique using a locking screw plate. The time to clinical/radiographic union, the joint range of motion (ROM), and function were evaluated. RESULTS: The average time to clinical/radiographic bone union was shorter in group 2 (12.0 ± 3.7 weeks/14.8 ± 2.0 weeks in group 1 and 9.4 ± 1.3 weeks/12.0 ± 3.3 weeks in group 2; p = 0.022/p = 0.034). Shoulder and elbow joint function evaluated by joint ROM and visual analogue scale (VAS), Korean Shoulder Elbow Society (KSS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scores was excellent in both groups. On the average shoulder ROM at 12 months after the operation, group 1 had forward elevation of 160°, external rotation of 30° in adduction and lumbar vertebra 10 level in internal rotation and group 2 had forward elevation of 170°, external rotation of 35° in adduction and lumbar vertebra 9 level in internal rotation. The mean VAS, KSS, ASES, and UCLA scores were 2.8, 87.0 ± 0.9, 89.4 ± 0.9, and 31.0 ± 1.4, respectively, in group 1 and 1.7, 89.1 ± 2.7, 91.0 ± 1.6, and 32.4 ± 3.2, respectively, in group 2. There were statistically significant intergroup differences in VAS score (p = 0.011). There were significantly less postoperative infections in group 2 (three cases, 10.7% in group 1 and 0 case in group 2; p = 0.041) although all of them were superficial infections and well-treated by an average 4-week course of antibiotics (range, 2 to 6 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: MIPO using a screw compression method in simple humeral shaft fractures demonstrated superior efficacy to ORIF in terms of the time to clinical/radiographic union, pain score, and postoperative infection rate.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; California ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; Joints ; Methods* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Spine ; Surgeons ; Ulsan

The accuracy and convenience of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), which efficiently evaluates glycemic variability and hypoglycemia, are improving. There are two types of CGM: professional CGM and personal CGM. Personal CGM is subdivided into real-time CGM (rt-CGM) and intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM). CGM is being emphasized in both domestic and foreign diabetes management guidelines. Regardless of age or type of diabetes, CGM is useful for diabetic patients undergoing multiple insulin injection therapy or using an insulin pump. rt-CGM is recommended for all adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and can also be used in type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatments using multiple insulin injections. In some cases, short-term or intermittent use of CGM may be helpful for patients with T2D who use insulin therapy other than multiple insulin injections and/or oral hypoglycemic agents. CGM can help to achieve A1C targets in diabetes patients during pregnancy. CGM is a safe and cost-effective alternative to self-monitoring blood glucose in T1D and some T2D patients. CGM used in diabetes management works optimally with proper education, training, and follow up. To achieve the activation of CGM and its associated benefits, it is necessary to secure sufficient repetitive training and time for data analysis, management, and education. Various supports such as compensation, insurance coverage expansion, and reimbursement are required to increase the effectiveness of CGM while considering the scale of benefit recipients, policy priorities, and financial requirements.