PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify whether the maternal-fetal attachment is related to choose the rooming-in of postpartum women. METHOD: This is a retrospective descriptive study. The data was collected from April 1 to May 31, 2001. Subjects who had NSVD were 68 mothers who opted the rooming-in and 98 mothers who did not choose the rooming-in at one hospital in Seoul, Korea. The research questionnaire consisted of 14 items on general characteristics, and 24 items on maternal fetal attachment developed by Cranley(1981). RESULT: 1. There was significant statistical difference in general characteristics between rooming-in and non rooming-in groups in prenatal class attendance, and husband attendance during the delivery. 2. There was significantly higher level of maternal fetal attachment score in the rooming-in group. 3. There was higher level of maternal fetal attachment score in the group which had participated in childbirth education than the group which didn't had participated. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that the maternal fetal attachment is identified as a significant factor choosing the rooming in for postpartum women. Therefore it is needed to increase maternal fetal attachment of pregnant women before making decision for whether they choose the rooming-in or non-rooming in after delivery.
Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mothers ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Education ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Spouses

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to study complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) used among cancer patients in Korea. METHOD: This study was a descriptive survey. Study participants were 1,150 cancer patients selected from 28 representative hospitals in Korea. Data were collected between December 1, 2004 and March 30, 2005. RESULTS: Their diagnosis were as follows : 20.0% for breast cancer, 15.6% for stomach cancer, 14.4% for liver cancer, 10.8% for lung cancer, 10.0% for colon cancer, and 10.0% for uterine cancer. 75.0% of cancer patients had used CAM. The most popular categories of CAM use were diet with 153.2%, non-prescription of oriental medical doctor 47.9% and mind-body control 20.3%. CAM use gender, age, cancer type, cancer treatment method, and current treatment type was significantly different in. CONCLUSION: CAM use among cancer patients in Korea was very popular (75.0%) and so systemic guidelines of CAM use are needed.
Breast Neoplasms ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Complementary Therapies* ; Diagnosis ; Diet ; Humans ; Korea* ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lung Neoplasms ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Uterine Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to examine the status of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the community and effects of related factors on heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS: The author conducted HRV testing, a questionnaire survey, and blood chemistry analysis for fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c levels in 855 patients in a community over a period of 10 days, from August 14 to 25, 2006. The subjects were divided into a DM group and normal group by our study criteria. RESULTS: The proportion of DM was 12.6% and increased with old age. The mean measures of HRV (SDNN, Tp, Vlf, Lf, Hf, Lf/Hf) in the DM group were 22.7 (1.6) msec, 364.9 (2.7) msec2, 174.1 (3.0) msec2, 88.1 (3.2) msec2, 55.3 (3.2) msec2, and 1.6 (2.6), respectively, while those in the normal group were 32.2 (1.6) msec, 676.6 (2.8) msec2, 295.7 (3.1) msec2, 169.2 (3.4) msec2, 117.2 (3.2) msec2, and 1.4 (2.6), respectively. All parameters except for Lf/Hf were significantly lower in the DM group than in the normal group (P < 0.01). The Spearman's correlation coefficients between HRV and FBS or HbA1c were SDNN -0.222/-0.244 (P < 0.01), Tp -0.211/-0.212 (P < 0.01), Vlf -0.149/-0.132 (P < 0.01), Lf -0.188/-0.235 (P < 0.01), Hf -0.207/-0.204 (P < 0.01), and Lf/Hf (P > 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the DM group had a reduced HRV and increased pulse rate in comparison with the normal group. According to our results, the HRV test may be used accessorily for the early detection of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and its related factors, as well as to prevent CAN.
Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Fasting ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on labor pain and duration of delivery time for primipara women treated by San-Yin-Jiao(SP-6) and Hob-Gog(LI-4) acupressure. The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronizedpost test only design. It was done to identify the effects of SP-6 acupressure or LI-4 acupressure on labor pain in primipara women. The benefits of using SP-6 acupressure or LI-4 acupressure were evaluated by comparing three groups, a SP-6 acupressure group, a LI-4 acupressure group and a control group, not treated with acupressure. The participants included 192 primiparas who underwent vaginal delivery, 72 primiparas in the control group, 71 in the SP-6 acupressure group and 49 in the LI-4 acupressure group. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of general characteristics, a subjective labor pain scale (Johnson, 1974), and measurement of duration of delivery time. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Differences in the acupressure effect for SP-6 and LI-4 were analyzed using Scheffe's test which showed that differences in the control group vs the SP-6 group and the control group vs the LI-4 group were statistically significant (t=21.767, p<0.05; t=23.923, p<0.05), but the SP-6 group vs the LI-4 group showed no significant differences. 2. The duration of delivery time in the group which had SP-6 acupressure or LI-4 acupressure was shorter (400.77+/-153.34; 379.10+/-127.60) than in the control group (528.68+/-239.08). Differences in the effects of acupressure with SP-6 and LI-4 were also analyzed by Scheffe's test. Control group vs SP-6 group and Control group vs LI-4 group were significantly different(t=127.91, p<0.05; t=149.58, p<0.05), but the SP-6 group vs the LI-4 group did not show any statistically significant difference (t=21.67). This study has shown that SP-6 and LI-4 acupressure were both effective in relation to labor pain and duration of delivery time for primiparas. But it is necessary to replicate the study with a larger number of participants to generalize of the results.
Acupressure* ; Female ; Humans ; Labor Pain* ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The correlation between sonographic findings and clinical symptoms was investigated in the patients with mesenteric lymphadenitis who had recurrent acute abdomen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight children with recurrent acute abdominal pain without obvious primary disease were evaluated by sonography. The initial and follow-up sonography were performed in 17 children. The abdomen was divided into 3 areas. The number and size of mesenteric lymph nodes were observed in each zone, and was compared with the clinical findings. RESULTS: In 56(71.8%) of 78 cases, good correlation was seen in the area of the greatest size and number of the lymph nodes in the sonography. Most severe symptom, was seen in the right lumbar area(49 cases) and umbilical area(7 cases). In 17 cases of follow up, 14 cases showed decrease size and number of mesenteric lymph nodes while 2 cases showed increase in size and number of the nodes with aggravated symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography was useful to detect and localize the enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Initial and follow-up sonography showed good correlation between the changes in number and size of the lymph nodes and symptoms.
Abdomen ; Abdomen, Acute* ; Abdominal Pain ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mesenteric Lymphadenitis* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: This study was to add to the understanding of sexual autonomy in college students in Korea. A descriptive survey design was used. METHOD: The participants in this study were 1,865 college students from 13 colleges, The questionnaire consisted of 15 items on general characteristics and 13 items measuring sexual autonomy. The SPSS 10.0 program was used for data analysis. RESULT: The global score for sexual autonomy was relatively high at 55.24 with a possible range of 13-65. The item on sexual autonomy with the highest score were, 'I can prevent repeated STD infections' and the item with the lowest sexual autonomy score was 'I can speak clearly about having intercourse'. Factors related to sexual autonomy were identified as gender, parents' attitude, year in university, experience with STD prevention and experience with pregnancy prevention. The score for sexual autonomy was lower in male college students (p= .000), students whose parents' attitudes to sex were vague, first year students (p=.000), students who had little experience with prevention of STDs (p= .002), students who had little experience with prevention of pregnancy (p=.001). CONCLUSION: The results showed that in setting priorities for sex education the following groups of students should be given first priority, male students, students whose parents' attitudes to sex were vague, first year students, students who have not had experience with prevention of STDs, and students who have not had experience with prevention of pregnancy.

From December 1987 to September 1988, clinical evaluation were performed at the Yeungnam University Hospital on 138 patients with exudative pleural effusion comparing with biochemical, bacteriologic, cytologic and pathologic studies. The results were as follows 1. Among these 138 cases, Incidence of tuberculosis was 57.3%, neoplasm 26.8%. High tendency in malignant pleural effusion occurred in elder age. 2. In tuberculosis pleural effusion, the rate of positive smear and culture for acid-fast bacilli in the pleural fluid was 3.7% and positive biopsy for granuloma 75%. 3. In malignant pleural effusion, the rate of positive cytology for cancer cell in the fluid was 42% and positive biopsy 60%. 4. Analysis in tuberculosis and malignancy showed the tendency of high pH, WBC, protein and of low glucose, but there were clinically not significant in differentiating malignant pleural effusion from tuberculous pleural effusion. 5. Among 23 cases in which the pleural tissue findings were chronic nonspecific reaction pathologically, tuberculosis (52.2%), malignancy (26%), and idiopathic (21.8%) eventually in follow up studies.
Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucose ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Incidence ; Pleural Effusion* ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; Tuberculosis

The study examined the effects of San-Yin- Jiao(SP-6) acupressure treatment on labor pain, length of delivery and anxiety for women in the labor. The effects of using SP-6 acupressure were evaluated by comparing two groups, a SP-6 acupressure group (22) and a control group (17), for a total of 39 women in labor who had a normal vaginal delivery. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire which included general characteristics, a subjective labor pain scale, measurement of duration of delivery time and a subjective anxiety scale. Data were collected before treatment (pre) and after treatment (post). The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The post-scores for total labor pain increased over the pre-scores but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(p=0.219). Wilcoxon signed rank test of the difference in pre-post labor pain scores for the SP-6 acupressure group was not statistically significant (p=0.081) but the increase for the control group was statistically significant (p=0.001).2. The length of time for the delivery in the group which had the SP-6 acupressure was shorter (143.91+/-67.77) than the control group (197.94+/-89.64). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.028).3. The post-scores for anxiety increased over the pre-scores but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.426). The scores of SP-6 acupressure group did not show a significant increase by the Wilcoxon signed rank test (p=0.194) but in the control group showed a significant increase (p=0.008).This study showed that SP-6 acupressure was effective in relation to labor pain, length of time for delivery and anxiety for labor women. But it is necessary to replicate the study with a larger number of participants to generalize the results.
Acupressure* ; Anxiety* ; Female ; Humans ; Labor Pain* ; Pilot Projects* ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Gastrointestinal Diseases*

This study investigated the method to adjust acquisition time(a) and injection dose(i) to make the best basal and subtraction images in consecutive SPECT. Image quality was assumed to be mainly affected by signal to noise ratio(S/N). Basal image was subtracted from the second image consecutively acquired at the same position. We calculated S/N ratio in basal SPECT images(S1/N1) and subtraction SPECT images(Ss/Ns) to find a(time) and i(dose) to maximize S/N of both images at the same time. From phantom images, we drew the relation of image counts and a(time) and i(dose) in our system using fanbeam-high-resolution collimated triple head SPECT. Noise by imaging process depended on Poisson distribution. We took maximum tolerable duration of consecutive acquisition as 30 minutes and maximum injectible dose as 1,850MBq(50 mCi)(sum of two injections) per study. Counts of second-acquired image(S2), counts(Ss) and noise(Ns) of subtraction SPECT were as follows. C1 was the coefficient of measurement with our system.
Acetazolamide* ; Brain* ; Head ; Noise ; Perfusion* ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*