No abstract available.
Humans ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Iontophoresis* ; Musculoskeletal Diseases*

In contrast to the nodular renal blastema which is defined by nests of primitive metanephric cells after 36 weeks of gestation, the nephroblastomatosis is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of the primitive cells. This lesion is presumed to be closely related to the development of Wilms' tumor. We report a case of bilateral nephroblastomatosis associated with Wilms' tumor in a child. This 4 1/2 year-old girl was admitted because of a 10 cm-sized round mass in the right kidney, and smaller nodules in the left kidney and the lung. After three cycles of chemotherapy and subsequent disappearance of the nodules in the left kidney and lung, she underwent a right nephrectomy and a wedge resection of the left kidney. A round Wilms' tumor mass was seen in the lower pole of the right kidney. Remaining right renal cortex showed multiple, slightly depressed gray-white nodules associated with multiple samll cysts. They were comprised of multifocal subcapsular nests of primitive nephrogenic cells with focal tubular or glomerular differentiation. They resembled fetal renal tissue. In the left kidney, similar nests of primitive cells were also noted. These lesions were interpreted as multifocal perilobar type of nephroblastomatosis.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Animals ; Gene Expression* ; Hypothalamus* ; Immunohistochemistry* ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Rats* ; Vasopressins*

BACKGROUND: This study aims at making a survey on health care service providers' cultural competence and making an appraisal of Chinese medical tourists on service quality, health care service providers' cultural competence, perceived value, and satisfaction. METHODS: The data was collected from August until November, 2014 and 150 health care service providers and 65 Chinese medical tourists from 12 medical institutions in Daegu were enrolled in analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that health care service provider's knowledge on Chinese culture was very low with 33.5% of correct answer. Health care service providers were found to get 3.82 point on a 5 point-scale in cultural perception, 3.53 points in cultural sensitivity, and 2.85 points in cultural skills. Chinese medical tourists were analyzed to give 4.08 points on a 5-point scale to satisfaction on health care service, followed by 4.01 points to health care service quality, 4.00 points to perceived value of health care service, and last 3.85 points to a health care service providers' cultural skills. However, there was a difference in points in cultural skills between health care service providers and Chinese medical tourists. Chinese medical tourists' satisfaction with health care service in Daegu was found to be comparatively high, but in relation to satisfaction with communication, it was found to be relatively low. CONCLUSION: Through this research, health care service providers' knowledge level of Chinese culture and cultural skills were low while they seemed to take a half-hearted attitude towards educational experience for building up cultural competence and foreign patient service response.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Cultural Competency* ; Daegu* ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Health Personnel* ; Health Services Research ; Humans

We report two very rare cases of postoperative acute spinal subdural hematoma (ASSH) and review the literature. ASSH is usually related to trauma or a previous lumbar puncture, and a review of the literature revealed only a few cases of spinal subdural hematomas occurring secondary to an underlying hematological disorder or to an iatrogenic coagulopathy. However, there have been no reports about the occurrence of ASSH as a complication of uneventful spinal surgery. The authors present two cases of postoperative ASSHs after open lumbar microdiscectomy (OLM) and underline the pitfalls in their diagnosis and treatment modalities. Two patients were treated with surgery, which progressed without sequelae, and their preoperative symptoms were resolved. Postoperative ASSH is an extremely rare complication, but precautions for meticulous hemostasis and careful awareness for minimal manipulation of the dura during lumbar surgery should be considered in all patients, even those who do not require multilevel decompressions and/or who have a preoperative coagulopathy.
Diskectomy ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Spinal ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Spinal Puncture

No abstract available.
Umbilical Cord*

OBJECTIVES: This prospective population-based cohort study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors of cognitive impairment and the degree of cognitive function change through a 5-year follow-up. METHODS: The baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted in 1998 and 2003, respectively. Among 176 subjects who had normal cognitive function in the baseline study, 136 were followed up for 5 years. The cognitive function was investigated using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Stata. RESULTS: Of the 136 subjects analyzed, 25 (18.4%) were cognitively impaired. Old age and low social support in the baseline survey were risk factors for cognitive impairment after 5 years. In the generalized estimating equation for 128 subjects except severe cognitive impairment about the contributing factors of cognitive function change, the interval of 5 years decreased MMSE-K score by 1.02 and the cognitive function was adversely affected with increasing age, decreasing education and decreasing social support. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study population was small, it was considered that the study results can be used to develop a community-based prevention system for cognitive impairment.
*Rural Health ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Male ; Korea ; Humans ; Follow-Up Studies ; Female ; Cognition Disorders/*diagnosis/physiopathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged

OBJECTIVES: Masked hypertension is associated with metabolic risks and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of and risk factors of masked hypertension in Korean workers. METHODS: The study was conducted among 121 employees at a hotel in Gyeongju, Korea, from December 2008 to February 2009. We measured blood pressure (BP) both in the clinic and using 24-hour ambulatory BP monitors for all subjects. Hypertension was defined independently by both methods, and subjects were classified into four groups: true normotension, masked hypertension, white coat hypertension, and sustained hypertension. RESULTS: The frequency of masked hypertension in our study group was 25.6%. Compared with true normotension, the factors related to masked hypertension were male gender (odds ratio [OR], 10.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41 to 81.09), aging one year (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.99), clinic BP 120-129/80-84 mmHg (OR, 8.42; 95% CI, 1.51 to 46.82), clinic BP 130-139 / 85-89 mmHg (OR, 12.14; 95% CI, 1.80 to 81.85), smoking (OR, 5.51; 95% CI, 1.15 to 26.54), and increase of total cholesterol 1 mg / dL (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.08). In males only, these factors were clinic BP 120-129 / 80-84 mmHg (OR, 15.07; 95% CI, 1.55 to 146.19), clinic BP 130-139 / 85-89 mmHg (OR, 17.16; 95% CI, 1.56 to 189.45), smoking (OR, 11.61; 95% CI, 1.52 to 88.62), and increase of total cholesterol 1 mg/dL (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.09). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of masked hypertension was high in our study sample. Detection and management of masked hypertension, a known strong predictor of cardiovascular risk, could improve prognosis for at-risk populations.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypertension/*ethnology ; Lipids/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases/ethnology ; Occupational Health/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking/adverse effects/ethnology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stress, Psychological/complications/ethnology ; Workplace/psychology/statistics & numerical data

We investigated the feasibility of the extracorporeal suture technique in laparoscopic pyeloplasty and laparoscopic ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy in child with ureteropelvic junction obstruction or duplex kidney. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty and laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy were performed in a child with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and in a 3-year old child with duplex kidney, respectively. Ureteropelvic junction or ureters were dissected laparoscopically and were drawn out of the abdominal cavity through the 10mm trocar tracts and subsequently anastomosed extracorporeally. We were able to draw the ureteropelvic junction or the ureters out of the abdominal cavity without difficulty owing to the laxity and thin abdominal wall in children. Operating time was 120 minutes in both cases, and all anastomses between ureter and pelvis were completed without any intraoperative complication. There was no postoperative complication. Significant improvements in urinary drainage were shown in both children on postoperative intravenous pyelogram. These early results suggest that the extracorporeal suture technique in children is feasible and easy to perform. Therefore, the drawbacks of intracorporeal suture technique during the laparoscopic pyeloplasy or ureteroureterostomy could be overcome by using this novel teehnique.
Abdominal Cavity ; Abdominal Wall ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drainage ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Kidney ; Laparoscopy ; Pelvis ; Postoperative Complications ; Surgical Instruments ; Suture Techniques ; Ureter*