Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria is a recently recognized syndrome characterized by symmetric polymicrogyria of both frontal lobes that presents with delayed motor and language development, spastic quadriparesis, and variable mental retardation. However, the postmortem findings of this syndrome are not fully elaborated. Here we describe an autopsy case of bilateral frontal polymicrogyria in a male fetus delivered at 22 weeks gestation due to extensive chorioamnionitis. The microscopic findings included a thinned cortical plate with fair neuronal maturation. There were no signs of neuronal damage and the white matter was unremarkable.
Autopsy ; Chorioamnionitis ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Fetus ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Language Development ; Male ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Muscle Spasticity ; Neuronal Migration Disorders ; Neurons ; Pregnancy ; Quadriplegia

Human lymphoblastoid B-cell lines immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were established from peripheral blood of patients with acute myeloblastic and chronic lymphocytic leukemia and chronic fatigue syndrome. The sera of patients with acute myeloblastic and chronic lymphocytic leukemia did not show antibodies to Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen (VCA), but serum of a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome disclosed antibodies to VCA (IgG, IgM), and EBNA was demonstrated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by polymerase chain reaction. The established cell lines were mature B-cell phenotypes with polyclonal proliferation in early passage and no evidence for commitment to other lineages. The immortalized cells by EBV were designated as CSUP-1 and CSUP-2 (from acute myeloblastic leukemia, FAB classification M2 and M1), CSUP-3 (from chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and CSUP-4 (from a patient with chronic fatigue syndrome). The CSUP-1, 2, 3, and 4 grew in suspension forming clumps with a doubling time of 38 to 49 hours. Colony formation was not recognized in plate. By light and electron microscopic examination, the immortalized cells showed features of lymphoblastoid to plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. The lymphoblastoid cells showed scanty cytoplasm with poorly developed organelles. Immunophenotypic analyses of CUSP-1, 2, 3, and 4 with monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry showed B-cell phenotype with polyclonal proliferation in early passage. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen was confirmed in the extracted DNAs from immortalized cells by polymerase chain reaction. DNA analysis showed a normodiploid stemline with a DNA index of 1.12. The established cells were strongly reactive for CD10, CD30 (Ki-1) in early passage, and bcl-2 and c-myc onco-protein in early and late passage. Karyotypic analysis of CSUP-1, 2, 3 and 4 showed 46, XY or 46, XX. No tumorigenesis in heterotransplanted SCID mouse was recognized. This immortalized cells by EBV should be a valuable cell lines to study the pathogenesis of EBV-related malignant lymphoma.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Capsid ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Line ; Classification ; Cytoplasm ; DNA ; Fatigue ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic ; Flow Cytometry ; Giant Cells ; Granulocyte Precursor Cells ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans* ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Organelles ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps*

We reviewed radiographs of 11 patients with 17 total knee replacement arthroplasty(TKRA) cases. These patients had a residual flexion contracture over 20 degree after TKRA that corrected spontaneously during follow-up. The mean age of patients was 46.5 years(range, from twenty nine to sixty six). Seven patients were bilateral cases and all knees were cases of rheumatoid arthritis. The mean preoperative flex- ion contracture was 53.8 and immediately postoperative contracture was 23.5. The remaining flexion contracture after TKRA was completely corrected during follow-up period in all cases. We measured the distance from upper margin of tibial components to a certain point on the fibula. This point is on a line perpendicular to long axis of the tibia, drawn from a certain point on the fibula. This dis- tance was measured on postoperative radiographs and radiographs with improved flexion contracture, and the differences calculated. There was no significant difference between the two distances. Although the number of cases are small, we conclude that flexion contracture might be corrected to the extent of 20-30 degree by soft tissue stretching rather than bone subsidence.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Contracture* ; Fibula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Tibia

In 1962, a case of “generalized skeletal dysplasia with multiple anomalies” was reported by Taybi as a new clinical syndrome. The most characteristic features of the syndrome seemed to be hearing loss, cleft palate and peculiar digital anomalies, so, the syndrome designated as otopalatodigital syndrome by Dudding, et al. Recently, the authors have experienced a case of OPD syndrome who visited Yeungnam University Hospital with the chief complaint of hypernasality, and underwent pharyngoplasty for correction of VPI. We present here a new case and review the literature on the subject.
Cleft Palate ; Hearing Loss

No abstract available.
Cartilage* ; Fascia* ; Transplants* ; Tympanoplasty*

Leventhal, et al. described a preoperative scoring system for myasthenic patients undergoing transsternal thymectomy, which includes four key risk factors. There were : 1) duration of myasthenia gravis greater than 6 years (12 points); 2) a history of chronic respiratory disease not due to myasthenia gravis(10 points); 3) a dose of pyridostigmine greater than 750mg per day 48 hours before operation (8 points); 4) a preoperative vital capacity less than 2.9L(4 points). Thirty-seven patients with myasthenia gravis undergoing transsternal thymectomy under general inhalation anesthesia with or without muscle relaxants were applied to scoring system by leventhal, et al. retrospectively. The predicitive score was assessed for each patient and the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation was also noted for each patient. in this study, there was correct in 23/37(62.2%) of the cases, with 9 out of 27 being incorrectly predicted to be ready for tracheal extubation(false positive) and 5 out of 10 being incorrectly predicted to need ventilation(false positve). In conclusion, the scoring system proposed by leventhal, et al. may be some value in predicting whether or not a particular myasthenic patient was likely to need mechanical ventilation following transsternal thymectomy.
Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Humans ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Pyridostigmine Bromide ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thymectomy* ; Ventilation ; Vital Capacity

Testosterone is required for the development and maintenance of the male accessory sex organs and their normal function. And it was reported that castration affect cells in the adult male rat accessory sex glands by induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). So, in this study, the authors made an experiment to evaluate the effect of testosterone in the maure male rat penis and accessory sex glands following castration. Also, we utilized actinomycin D, a potent inhibitor of messenger and ribosomal RNA synthesis, in the experiment herein to assess the significance of regression process in the glands. Following are the changes in the serum testosterone level, the weight of the penis, ventral prostate and seminal vesicles and apoptosis occurrence of the control (castration, castration normal saline) and experimental (castration AD25, castration AD50) group of mature rats. 1. After castration, the control group and the experimental group showed decreased level of serum testosterone. 2. In the both groups, the weight of the penis, ventral prostate and seminal vesicles decreased gradually. 3. Compared to the control group, the castration AD25 did not show the inhibition of castration induced regression of penis and ventral prostate. However, castration AD50 showed the inhibition. 4 In the H-E staining and ApoTag in situ staining, the ventral prostate showed the most prominent apoptosis occurrence followed by the seminal vesicles and penis. These results suggest that after castration of the mature rat, due to testosterone deficiency, the weight of penis, ventral prostate and seminal vesicles decreased with the occurrence of apoptosis. Also, actinomycin D 50 micrometer seems to delay the regression process.
Adult ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Castration* ; Cell Death ; Dactinomycin ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Male ; Penis* ; Prostate ; Rats* ; RNA, Ribosomal ; Seminal Vesicles ; Testosterone*

No abstract available.
Mucocele*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Listeria* ; Meningitis, Listeria*