Sjogren's syndrome has been considered to be an autoimmune disease affecting various organs including salivary and lacrimal glands. It occurs most commonly in middle-aged women, and less than 20 cases with primary Sjogren's syndrome have been reported in children. An 11-yim-old boy presented with recurrent annular erythema on the face that had been present for 2 years. A schirmers test showed a positive result. ANA was detected at a dilution of 1:640. Anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies were also detected. On histological examination, lymphocytes were infiltrated in the periappendegeal areas as well as the papillary and reticular dernis. The skin findimg is uncommon in children, but has become a characteristic feature of childhood Sjogrens syndrome with anti-Ro and/or anti-La antibodies.
Antibodies ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Child ; Erythema* ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Sjogren's Syndrome* ; Skin

A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the immediate postoperative recovery and socioeconomic efficacy with the surgical release of Carpal tunnel syndrome by double incision technique. Sixty cases of carpal tunnel syndrome were operated by one surgeon between 1993 and 1995 and 44 cases in 39 patients were available for this study. Surgery was done under axillary block and patients were evaiuated preoperatively, 3 weeks and 6 weeks each postoperatively. The evaluation was focused on the immediate recovery in terms of subjective symptoms of pain and paresthesia, local tenderness, strength of grip power and pinch power and postoperative disability. 1l was noted that surgical release of carpal tunnel syndrome utilizing double incision technique was as effective as seen in the endoscopic release in terms of quicker recovery of pain, local tenderness and strength. It was also noted that this double incision technique was as safe and economically beneficial as observed in the conventional open procedure.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Paresthesia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of workplace bullying experience and resilience on organizational commitment in general hospital nurses. METHODS: Participants were 250 nurses of a general hospital in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Gangwoen-do. Data were collected using the structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: As a result of multiple regression analysis, workplace bullying, resilience, clinical career, and work unit turned out to be variables that explained general hospital nurses' organizational commitment (Adj. R²=0.17, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that bullying and resilience were defined as the influential variables on organizational commitment of nurses. Therefore strategies and programs about workplace bullying and resilience are needed to be developed.
Bullying* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, General* ; Seoul

PURPOSE: This study was done to analyze the relationship between organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment among hospital nurses. METHOD: A survey was conducted with 647 nurses who were working in 24 hospitals in Korea. Data were collected during August 2010. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean level of organizational communication satisfaction was 3.15 (min 1.88 -max 4.88) and the mean level of organizational commitment was 3.21 (min 1.33 - max 4.83). There was a statistically significant correlation between organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment (r=. 655). According to analysis of the impact of the subconstructions of organizational communication satisfaction on organizational commitment, the following factors had significant influence on organizational communication satisfaction: vertical communication, communication media, and organizational climate. CONCLUSION: These findings showed that communication satisfaction was the most important factor for nurses' organizational commitment. Therefore, there is a need to develop communication strategies and skills for hospital nurses to increase the level of communication satisfaction.
Korea

PURPOSE: Organ transplant recipients are at high risk of developing malignancies due to immunosuppressive regimens. Unlike post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases (PTLDs), where Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays an etiological role, there are conflicting data regarding the association of EBV with post-transplant epithelial malignancies. In order to clarify the role of EBV in carcinomas that develop after solid-organ transplantation, the presence of EBV infection in the carcinomas of post-kidney transplant patients was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The presence of EBV infection in skin carcinoma (PTSC), gastric carcinoma (PTGC) and urothelial carcinoma (PTUC), which developed in the patients under an immune suppression regime following kidney transplantation, was examined. Tumors from the patients without organ transplantation were also used as a comparison in the study. The study group included five nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs), one Hodgkin's disease (HD), one B-cell non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (NHL) and one hypopharynx (HPC) tumor. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis, using sera from the same patients, confirmed that all of the tested patients were previously infected with EBV. From in situ hybridization, no EBER positive cells were detected in any of the tumor tissues obtained from the three kidney transplant recipients (PTSC, PTGC and PTUC) or in the NHL and HPC tissues. In contrast, all five of the NPC and HD tissues showed strong EBER positivity. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there is a strong association of EBV with NPC and HD as previously reported, while no such strong association of EBV was found with epithelial malignancies that developed after kidney transplantation.
B-Lymphocytes ; Blotting, Western ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Hypopharynx ; In Situ Hybridization ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Lymphoma ; Organ Transplantation ; Skin ; Transplantation ; Transplants

The authors analized the 98 cases of cervical spine injuries without fracture or dislocation by hyperflexion/hyperextension of the neck. The peak incidence of the age was in the second to fourth decades(69.4%). There was a male preponderance with a sex ratio of. 1.8 : 1. Sources of trauma were motor vehicle accident, object falling on and motorcycle accident in the order of frequency. The common mechanisms of injury were flexion-extension, extension and flexion injury in the order of frequency. There were 10 cases of cervical cord injury without fracture or dislocation and operative management was given in 6 cases of them. The most common preexisting disease was congenital cervical stenosis. Surgical modality such as laminectomy, laminoplasty and anterior decompressive procedure made them improved. The authors discuss the mechanism of injury and surgical management of the patients with cervical cord injury in the absence of concomittent fracture or dislocation.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Dislocations* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laminectomy ; Male ; Motor Vehicles ; Motorcycles ; Neck ; Preexisting Condition Coverage ; Sex Ratio ; Spine*

The trichofolliculoma is a rare tumor of the hair follicle occuring most often on the head and neck. We have experienced a case of 24-year-old female who had a small, dome-shaped, tan brown firm nodule on the nose. Under the clinical impression of a granuloma, an excisional biopsy of the nodule was done. Microscopically the lesion was composed of a large central cystic hair follicle with many srhall but well differenciated secondary hair follicles branching from the wall. Well developed secondary hair follicles were often grouped and were surrounded by a prominent stroma.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy

The Q-switched ruby laser has been used in clinics since the early 1980s. It was tried to remove tattoos at first with good effects. Thereafter, some physicians reported the usefulness of the laser in the treatment of some kinds of pigmented lesions such as nevus of Ota, freckles and lentigines. The reason why the Q-switched ruby laser has a lot of effect on tattoos and some pigmented lesions is that the laser has the function of selective photothermolysis on those cutaneous lesions. The authors have treated 185 patients with tattoos and cutaneous pigmented lesions using the Q-switched ruby laser during last 4 years ago. Patients had tattoos, nevus of Ota, freckles, lentigines, melasma, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, and were followed up over 5 months after the end of the laser treatment. The authors analysed the results and compared them with other's results in Caucasians, and we intended to present a guide of the treatment using Q-switched ruby laser in Koreans. The results were as follows 1. Tattoos showed good results after the treatment because the most of tattoos are black or dark blue in color and cheated by amateur. We repeated the laser treatments with the interval of 2 weeks. 2. Nevus of Ota, freckles and lentigines showed good results after treatment of the Q-switched ruby laser 3. Melasma showed no improvement after the treatment. 4. The treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation using the Q-switched ruby laser must be confined within a part of the lesion at the first visit of patient, because the therapeutic effects were observed in some patients only and the degree of depigmention after treatment was diverse. 5. The most common complication after Q-switched ruby laser treatment was pigmentary change, including hyperpigmentation in most of the cases and hypopigmentation in some cases. However, there was no visible scar or remarkable change of skin texture in all of the cases.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cicatrix ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hypopigmentation ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Lentigo ; Melanosis ; Nevus of Ota ; Skin

Lymphoid tumors of the orbit are rare, and sometimes it is not possible either clinically or histologically to differentiate between lymphoid tumor and pseudolymphoma. Some authors assert that the degree of cytologic differentiation appears to be the single most important factor for determining the prognosis of patients with orbital lymphoid lesions. However, the cytomorphologic basis is not so helpful to diagnose and classify our case, which shows some discrepancy between pathological findings and clinical and radiological findings. At first we misdiagnosed our case as orbital malignant lymphoma on the basis of cytomorphology and immunohistochemical study. But no responce to local intensive radiotherapy and the follow up study of the patient suggest orbital pseudolymphoma.
Follow-Up Studies

Scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) deformity most often occurs with chronic rotary scaphoid instability from scaphoiunate ligament tear and scaphoid fracture. Prior to 1984 when Watson HK reported his concept on SLAC wrist deformity, the most popular procedure for this pathology was scaphoid implant arthroplasty with or without midcarpal fusion. We have reviewed 15 cases of SLAC deformity treated with scaphoid excision and midcarpal fusion from 1984 to 1993. Among them, scaphoid implants made of silicone were inserted in 4 cases. Scaphoid implant arthroplsty without carpal fusion has been excluded. The mean period of follow-up was 8.8 years and the mean age of patients was 47.5 years. Males and right wrists were predominant. Wrist motion was 56% and grip power was 71% of the normal opposite side. On the average overall, 8 patients had no pain and 7 patients had mild pain. The grade of pain was minimal, 0.5 in grade (Rating system: no pain-0, mild- 1, moderate-2, severe-3). However, all of the 4 cases of limited carpal fusion with a scaphoid implant developed silicone particulate induced synovitis and pain. The procedure appears to be effective in maintaining function of the hand with minimal pain up to 5.8 years. However, silicone scaphoid implant appears not to be necessary and is not recommended with a limited carpal fusion for this pathology.
Arthroplasty ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Male ; Pathology ; Silicones ; Synovitis ; Wrist