No abstract available.
Fetus* ; Humans* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Keratins*

In a jaundiced patient, it is important to ascertain as early as possible whether the bile duct is dilated. Ultrasonography, computed tomography & conventional cholangiography are widely accepted methods of determining the size of the extrahepatic bile ducts. But there is a considerable discrepancy among the size of the bile duct as measured from them. So the author analyzed and compared the respective diameters of the bile ducts in Korean normal adults as measured from cadaver, IV cholangiography, ultrasoud and computed tomography. The materials were 45 cases of cadaver, 38 cases of IV cholangiography, 100 cases of ultrasonography & 55 cases of computed tomography. The results were as follows ; 1. The diameters of the bile ducts were 7.58±2.26mm at CHD & 8.04±2.42mm at CBD from cadaver ; 5.38±1.90mm at CHD & 6.58±2.37mm at CBD from IV cholanglography ; 3.24±1.13mm at CHD & 4.71±1.48mm at CBD from ultrasonography ; and 4.56±1.51mm at CHD & 5.87±1.68mm at CBD from computed tomography. 2. The diameter of the bile duct was greatest in cadaver, and then reduced in IV cholangiography, computed tomography and ultrasonography in this orde.r 3. There were no size discrepancy between the diameter of the common hepatic duct and that of the common bile duct. 4. There were no discrepanry of the diameter of the bile duct by sex.
Adult* ; Bile Ducts* ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Bile* ; Cadaver ; Cholangiography ; Common Bile Duct ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Ultrasonography

The cliniopathological analysis was done on the 104 cases of malignant melanoma diagnosed at the Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) from 1984 to 1993. The basic clinical data and the pathological items were based on the New Mexico Melanoma Registry Worksheet. The results were as follows. The male to female ratio was 1 : 0.79. Primary cutaneous melanoma was more common in the male (M : F=1 : 0.56) but primary extracutaneous melanoma with slight female dominancy (M : F=1 : 1.25). The peak age was the 6th decade in both cutaneous and extracutaneous malignant melanoma. In 66% (35 cases) of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma, the primary site was located in the acral area (including cases of acral lentiginous and nodular type), of which 63% (41% of total cutaneous melanoma) was acral lentiginous type. Major components of tumor cells were epithelioid. Clark's level of tumor was III or more at the time of the first visit in the majority of the cases (85%). The incidence rate of extracutaneous melanoma was 34.6% (36 cases) among the primary melanoma, and the eyeball (17.3%) was the most prevalent organ. All these features suggest that the racial difference between the Korean and the Caucasian is evident and also that etiologic role of sun damage is not quite marked in the Korean. We also suggest that an early detection program is very important to cure this malignant tumor.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Melanoma* ; New Mexico ; Seoul ; Solar System

No abstract available.
Leukemia*

Actinomycoces is a gram positive, anaerobic, branching and non-acid fast bacterium which is a normal habitant of the skin, oral cavity, tonsil and gastrointestinal tract and its human infection is rare. Pelvic actinomycoses is frequently caused by Actinomycoces israel-ii. It is chronic, progressive, and more suppurative than granulomatous disease, and the symptoms are usually persistent and gradual, therefore the misdiagnosis and improper trea-tment are not uncommon. Actinomycoses is generally classified as cervicofacial, abdominal and thoracic type ac- cording to the site of the primary infection. Many actinomycotic pelvic infections in women used intrauterine device with long du- ration were reported, in contrast, others suggest that actinomycoces developed opportunistic infection irrespective of intrauterine device presence. We have experienced 4 cases of pelvic actinomycoses, one case with IUD(Lippes' loop) in a 47 year old woman, the other case with abdominal wall ctinomycoses in a 34 year old woman, the third case without IUD in a 41 year old woman, the fourth case with IUD(Cu-7) in a 37 year old woman and reported them with a review of literature.
Abdominal Wall ; Actinomycosis* ; Adult ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Opportunistic Infections ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pelvic Infection ; Skin

No abstract available.
Animals ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Testis*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid* ; Pseudorabies* ; Rats* ; Uterus*

Objective: This study evaluated protective behaviors against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and related factors in individuals with depressive symptoms. Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from the 2020 Korean Community Health Survey. Depressive symptoms, COVID- 19 protection behaviors, and related factors were investigated in 228,485 people. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze categorical variables. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 27.0). Results: In the study, 3.9% (n=8,970) had depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in individuals in their 19–39 years , and ≥60s than in those in their 40–59 years (p<0.001). Lower education level and household income were associated with a higher prevalence of depression (p<0.001). Among the various occupations, service workers had the highest prevalence of depressive symptoms (p<0.001). Individuals with depressive symptoms were less likely to adopt protective behaviors against COVID-19 (p<0.001) or exhibit concerns regarding death and economic damage (p<0.001) compared to individuals without depressive symptoms. Individuals with depressive symptoms were more likely to have unhealthy behaviors than those without depressive symptoms (p<0.001). Individuals with depressive symptoms considered that the COVID-19 response by the government and other organizations was inadequate (p<0.001). Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with depressive symptoms faced greater challenges in adopting protective behaviors. Therefore, it is crucial to develop strategies to protect people with depressive symptoms during another pandemic in the future.

Radiographic research was performed to know the frequency of two-phalanged fifth toe and its relation to presence of the ossification centers in normal Korean children. Previous study showed more than 74% of the incidence in adulthood and less than 30% in childhood. Fifty children (33 male and 17 female, aged 2 to 15; mean age 9.6) were studied by plain foot radiographs focused on the fifth toe. In the 3~8 yr old 20 subjects, secondary ossification center of distal phalangeal bone was seen as a ossicle (small bone) placed at proximal to the distal phalanx. Secondary ossification center of middle phalangeal bone and the bony shaft of the phalanx was hard to distinguish. So keeping up the objectivity, regardless of distinguishable ossification center or the bony shaft of phalanges, ossicles seen on the 5th toe was counted to classify the presumptive type of the toe. Epiphyseal ossification center of proximal phalanx was excluded from the count. There were three types of the fifth toe which has 2 ossicles to 4 ossicles. Overall incidence of the type of 2 ossicles was 24% (12/50). Above 12 yr old group the incidence was 61% (11/18), and above 13 yr old group the incidence was 75% (9/12). The incidence of biphalangism came closer to the adult's after late childhood. This finding represent that progress of biphalangealization completed after late childhood. It seems that the progress starts earlier than 3 yr old. We made the hypothesis by the incidence of 30% (6/20) of the type which has 4 ossicles on the fifth toe at 3~8 yr old group. Four ossicles might be a secondary ossification center of distal phalanx and the bony shaft of distal, middle and proximal phalanx. They might form a distal interphalageal joint and the triphalangeal toe. To know more about the morphogenesis of biphalalngeal 5th toe, further progressive study in childhood is needed.
Child* ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Male ; Morphogenesis ; Toes*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the abnormality of cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type by the acetazolamide brain SPECT, which has been used in the assessment of cerebrovascular diseases. METHODS: Eighteen patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type, as diagnosed by the criteria of DSM-IV and NINCDS-ADRDA, and ten normal comparison subjects were recruited. They were rated by Mini-Mental Status Examination, Mattis Ddementia Rating Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Acetazolamide brain SPECT scans of dementia patients and comparison subjects were analyzed by 3-dimensional volume of interest method. RESULTS: The results were as follows. There were significant differences in the values of cerebrovascular reactivity between the two groups. The cerebrovascular reactivity of dementia patients was significantly decreased in the right frontal lobes, and increased in left temporal lobe, compared to comparison subjects(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results imply the possible role of the abnormality of cerebrovascular reactivity in the pathophysiology of dementia of Alzheimer's type.
Acetazolamide ; Brain* ; Dementia* ; Depression ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*