No abstract available.
Angiography ; Catheters* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Spasm*

Noroviruses have been recognized as the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis since the advent of molecular diagnostic technique. They have been documented in 5-31% of pediatric patients hospitalized with gastroenteritis. Although norovirus gastroenteritis is typically mild and self-limited, it causes severe, but sometimes fatal, conditions in the vulnerable population such as immunocompromised patients, young children, and the elderly. Bowel perforation due to norovirus infection is rare. We report a case of small bowel perforation with norovirus gastroenteritis in the infant with Down syndrome during the hospitalization with pneumonia. Severe dehydration may cause bowel ischemia and could have triggered bowel perforation in this case. Physicians should be alert to the potential surgical complications followed by severe acute diarrhea, especially in high risk groups.
Aged ; Child ; Dehydration ; Diarrhea ; Down Syndrome ; Gastroenteritis* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Infant* ; Ischemia ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; Norovirus* ; Pneumonia ; Vulnerable Populations

The incidence of multiple primary cancers is low than that of single primary cancer. In gastric cancer, incidence of occurrence of multiple primary cancer is 3 to 11.3%. Because stomach and lung are unrelated organs, the combination of gastric cancer and lung cancer is rare. Its estimated incidence is about 10% of all multiple primary cancers. The histologic types of secondary lung cancer in one series, squamous cell carcinomas were 49%; adenocarcinomas were 28%; large cell carcinomas were 14%; small cell carcinomas were 9%; others were 6%. This patient had been diagnosed as early gastric cancer 3 years ago, but he refused operation for cancer and wasnt followed up. After 3 years, he revisited us for dry coughing and diagnosed as small cell lung cancer. At this time, previous gastric cancer was remained as well differentiated, early gastric adenocarcinoma. For its rarity, we report this case with review of literatures.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cough ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms*

Extramedullary plasmacytoma involves organs outside the bone marrow, but involvement of the pancreas is very rare. We present the imaging findings of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the pancreas in a patient with multiple myeloma. Mixed echogenecity was noted at US, and marked enhancement at CT and MR.
Bone Marrow ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; Pancreas* ; Plasmacytoma*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the current statistics of professional medical support staffs(PMSSs) working in general hospitals with less than 500 beds. METHODS: This study was conducted on 35 general hospitals with less than 500 beds from September 11th to October 27th, 2017. RESULTS: Four hundred fifty one PMSSs were currently providing medical support. The number of clinical nurse experts was the highest among the roles, followed by Physician Assistants(PA) and Advanced Practice Nurses. The mean job satisfaction score was 3.07 out of 5. In the case of PA group, most of the delegated prescriptions were performed, however the delegated roles were not much documented in written format. The paucity of documentation requires a development of a committee for PMSSs, including a development of selection criteria and a scope of practice in each institution. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested the composition of a committee for PMSSs in the medical institutions and renaming the specified titles of PMSSs.
Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Nurse Clinicians ; Nurse Practitioners ; Nursing ; Patient Selection ; Physician Assistants ; Prescriptions

BACKGROUND: Cancer invasion is a critical factor for survival and prognosis of patients with cancer. Identifying and targeting factors that influence cancer invasion are an important strategy to overcome cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of fascin known to be associated with cancer invasion. METHODS: Fascin depletion was performed with lentiviral short hairpin RNA against fascin mRNA and stable cell line (Fascin(dep)) was established. Matrigel-Transwell invasion and three-dimensional (3D) culture system were used to observe fascin depletion effects. In order to observe the changes of protease secretion by fascin depleted cancer cells, protease antibody array was performed. RESULTS: Fascin was highly expressed in invasive cancer cells. Fascin-depleted cells showed decreased cancer invasion in Matrigel-Transwell invasion and 3D culture system. In addition, inhibition of proteases secreation and decrease of intracellular proteases mRNA expression were observed in fascin deplete cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicates that fascin is closely involved in proteases activity and cancer invasion. Therefore, fascin is a strategically important factor for controlling cancer invasion.
Cell Line ; Gene Silencing ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Metalloproteases ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Tumor Microenvironment

The role of neuropeptides in the central nervous system (CNS) has received increasing attention. Numerous peptide molecules are found in the mammalian CNS and many of them are thought to act as either neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. The neuropeptides found in high concentration in the hypothalamus include vasopressin (VP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin, and oxytocin. The main approches to assess the involvement of neuropeptides can be focused on functions affecting the aging of the brain. Morphological aging of the CNS has been characterized by degenerative changes of fiber connections and cell loss, although degeneration does not always occur to the same extent throughout various parts of the brain and, moreover, varies for different cell types. Despite of many studies in VP containing neurons , there exist discrepancies in results about the changes of aged rat brain. The aim of the present study is, therefore, to investigative possible changes in the number and morphology of VPimmunoreactive neurons with aging in each area of the hypothalmus of the aged rats. As a result, the number of VP-immunoreactive neurons was decreased in hypothalamus nucleus of aged group. Especially, in VP-immunoreactive neurons of hypothalamus, the size of neuronal cell body and nuclei in aged group is larger than in young group and the fiber density of immunoreactivity neurons of median eminance (ME) in aged group is stronger than in young group. But, the total number of VP-immunoreactive neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the aged group is larger than in the young group. These studies indicate the involvement of VP-immunoreactive neurons in aging process of hypothalamus, and aging process may affect the synthesis of VP in the neurons of hypothalamic nuclei. Whereas, in VP expression, aging process induces an enlargement of the cell size of surviving neurons to compensate.
Aging ; Animals ; Brain ; Cell Size ; Central Nervous System ; Hypothalamus* ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptides ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Oxytocin ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats* ; Somatostatin ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ; Supraoptic Nucleus ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; Vasopressins

BACKGROUND: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is still difficult to diagnose in the field of chronic pain management. CRPS is diagnosed by purely clinical criteria based on the characteristic signs and symptoms, which have to be differentiated from similar pain conditions like posttraumatic neuropathic pain. Until now, there has been a lack of objective diagnostic tools to confirm the diagnosis of CRPS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a three phase bone scan (TBS) for making the diagnosis of CRPS. METHODS: A total of 121 patients who had been diagnosed with CRPS were evaluated. All the patients were examined by performing a TBS as a part of the diagnostic work-up. A diffuse increased tracer uptake on the delayed image (phase III) was defined as a positive finding for CRPS. RESULTS: Forty-one patients (33.9%) out of 121 showed the positive results on the TBS. The patients with a duration of pain of less than 24 months had a significantly higher positive result (43.4%) on the TBS than did the patients with duration of pain longer than 24 months (12.1%). CONCLUSIONS: A TBS could give a better objective result for diagnosing CRPS for patients with a shorter duration of pain and a TBS gives little information for the diagnosis of CRPS in patients with a duration of pain longer than 24 months.
Chronic Pain ; Humans ; Neuralgia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cilostazol is an antiplatelet drug with antiproliferative properties when administered after coronary bare metal stent implantation. However, its effect on clinical and angiographic outcomes after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation in native coronary arteries has not been established. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred patients who had undergone successful SES implantation were randomly assigned to receive, in addition to aspirin, 75 mg clopidogrel daily or 100 mg cilostazol twice daily after one month of triple oral therapy (aspirin, clopidogrel, and cilostazol). The medications were continued until the follow-up coronary angiography, which was performed after six months. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the minimal luminal diameters before and immediately after the coronary intervention, and at the follow-up angiography. The late loss of minimal luminal diameter was 0.26+/-0.40 mm in the cilostazol group and 0.28+/-0.41 mm in the clopidogrel group (p=0.773). Other quantitative coronary angiography variables were also similar in the two groups. Restenosis, determined by quantitative coronary angiography at six months and defined as > or =30% narrowing, occurred in 11.4% of the clopidogrel group and 8.7% of the cilostazol group (p=0.478). However, in-stent restenosis was focal (100% vs 23.1% in the clopidogrel group, p<0.001), and shorter in the cilostazol group (6.26+/-2.42 vs 14.5+/-6.55 mm, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Cilostazol was not inferior to clopidogrel in terms of clinical anti-coagulation effect, and had an antiproliferative effect in native coronary arteries after SES implantation.
Angiography ; Aspirin ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Restenosis ; Coronary Vessels* ; Drug-Eluting Stents* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Phenobarbital ; Sirolimus ; Stents

PURPOSE: We aimed to determine whether Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) would show neural abnormality of the social reward system using functional MRI (fMRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 27 ASDs and 12 typically developing controls (TDCs) participated in this study. The social reward task was developed, and all participants performed the task during fMRI scanning. RESULTS: ASDs and TDCs with a social reward learning effect were selected on the basis of behavior data. We found significant differences in brain activation between the ASDs and TDCs showing a social reward learning effect. Compared with the TDCs, the ASDs showed reduced activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right orbitofrontal cortex, right parietal lobe, and occipital lobe; however, they showed increased activity in the right parahippocampal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that there might be neural abnormality of the social reward learning system of ASDs. Although this study has several potential limitations, it presents novel findings in the different neural mechanisms of social reward learning in children with ASD and a possible useful biomarker of high-functioning ASDs.
Brain/*physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/*physiopathology ; Female ; Functional Neuroimaging/*methods ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Neural Pathways/*physiopathology ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Republic of Korea ; *Reward ; *Social Behavior