We investigated on how the nature of vehicles influenced on the efficacy of mo isturizer s, cutaneous hydrat,ion, physical property and roughness. Hydration was measured with corneometer, physical property with fermometer, and mughness with image analyser. Used vehicles were as follows : hydrous gel, vater in oil(W/0) emulsion, oil in water(0/W) emulsion. I.Jsed moisturizers were as follows . glycerine, polypeptide and sodium lactat,e, hyaluronic acid-triethanolamine, sodium lactate, pvopylene glycol, The results are summarized as follows : 1. The increment of the hydration effect according to vehicles was in this order. C/ W emulsion, W/0 emulsion, hydrous gel(After 2 hours). 2. The increment of extensibility as physical property was correlated to the in crcment, of hydration effcet(r=0.924). 3. It was shown that, the roughness was decreased after treatment of all mo isturizers except propylene glycol but, there was not significant st.atistically and alsa was no meaningful difference among the vehicles. 4. Among t,he moisturizers, glycerine was superior to other moisturizers on the hydration effect and extensihility. We conclude that 0/W emulsion was suitable vehicle on cutaneous hydration effect and hydration effect is proportion to the increment of flexibility.
Glycerol ; Pliability ; Propylene Glycol ; Sodium ; Sodium Lactate

No abstract available.
Pleasure*

No abstract available.
Extremities* ; Neurilemmoma*

OBJECTIVES: Recently, the outpatient group psychotherapy has been changed from traditional long-term therapy to short-term or time-limited therapy. The termination time and session numbers are given from start line in the time-limited therapy while 10 to 40 sessions are needed in the short-term therapy. And therapist and patients come to an agreement of the accomplishable therapeutic goal and work together actively. The time-limited group psychotherapy is being accepted newly as an efficient therapeutic modality because effective therapeutic outcomes within given time have been reported. The objectives of this study are as follows; firstly, we examine the therapeutic outcomes and the therapeutic factors after performing the time-limited group psychotherapy for outpatients in the psychiatric clinic; secondly, we analyze the characteristics showed in the process of study; lastly, we verify the feasibility and the validity of this group psychotherapy and then establish the basis of the effective outpatient therapy that would be settled down as an applicable treatment modality economically and efficiently in the current medical environment of Korea. METHODS: This study was performed weekly in total 12 sessions from July 1999, April 2000 to and each session took 70-80 minutes. The experimental group were composed of the highly-functioning psychotic patients among outpatients in the psychiatric clinic. The control group were composed of the similar patients through one-to-one matching of age, sex, diagnosis, and duration of illness. The participants were 8 patients each. BDI(Beck Depression Inventory), STAI(Spielbergs State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), and EDMT(Ewha Defence Mechanism Test) as the evaluation scales were performed before and after treatment. And 13-therapeutic factors scale was performed just after each session and the self-report total assessment questionnaire was performed only in experimental group at the end of this study. RESULTS: The mean score of BDI was decreased significantly in experimental group in comparison with control group. The mean score of STAI-S was not changed significantly in both group, and the mean score of STAI-T was decreased in experimental group in comparison with control group. The mean score of MMPI was decreased significantly in experimental group in comparison with control group, but the comparison of difference scores(post-treatment score - pre-treatment score) between the experimental and control group was not decreased significantly. This result may come from psychopharmacotherapy and individual supportive psychotherapy given equally to both group. The mean scores of immature defence and neurotic defence in EDMT were decreased significantly in experimental group compared with control group. Comparing the therapeutic factors to divide into the first, middle, and the last stage, existential factor was ranked first, and catharsis, identification with therapist, universality, and group cohesiveness were ranked high in all stages. Interpersonal learning was ranked first in the last stage although being ranked low in the first and middle stage. The total assessment questionnaires about group psychotherapy were reported that 100% of participants were helped, 75% of participants were changed in their lives, and 75% of participants had minds to join this kind of program again if given for them. CONCLUSIONS: This result shows that not only symptom relief but also personality change was achieved when the time-limited group psychotherapy was practiced in addition to simple psychophamarcotherapy and individual supportive psychotherapy for outpatients. The degree of satisfaction for group psychotherapy of participants were evaluated highly. Group psychotherapy has been accepted in public as a therapeutic modality that must be as equally effective as psychotherapy although group psychotherapy derives from individual psychotherapy. In our current medical environment that has been changed suddenly by the separation of medical practice and pharmaceutical dispensing and the decrease of medical fee, group psychotherapy or time-limited therapy would be settled down as low-expense and high-efficiency therapeutic modalities that were as equally effective as individual psychotherapy or long-term therapy.
Anxiety ; Catharsis ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Fees, Medical ; Humans ; Korea ; Learning ; MMPI ; Outpatients* ; Psychotherapy ; Psychotherapy, Group* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Weights and Measures

We report thin-section CT findings of pulmonary fat embolism which was confirmed by clinical features and microscopic examination of cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. Initial thin-section CT showed extensive air space consolidation and multiple ill-defined nodular densities in both lungs. Follow-up CT revealed ground-glass appearance and faint nodules in both lungs. Perfusion scan showed multiple small perfusion defects in the peripheral portion of both lungs.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Embolism, Fat* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Lung ; Perfusion

Association of the hepatoid and choriocarcinomatous components in adenocarcinoma of the stomach is extremely unusual and raises a possibility of new approach understand the histogenesis of gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma. This paper describes a Borrmann type III adenocarcinoma of the stomach with both choriocarcinomatous and hepatoid components in composite tumor pattern in a 50-year-old man. Tubular arrangement of differentiated embryonalcarcinoma was encountered in choricarcinomatous and hepatoid areas, which showed strong immunoreactivity to beta-HCG and AFP, respectively. The findings suggest that gastric adenocarcinoma may have a potential of differentiation toward embryonal carcinoma. from which both choriocarcinoma and hepatoid variant of gastric adenocarcinoma may develop by retrodifferentiation.
Adenocarcinoma

Broncho-gastric fistula caused by benign gastric ulcer perforation after esophagectomy is very rare. In general anesthesia of a patient with broncho-gastric fistula, in spite of hyperventilation, leakage of the anesthetic gases through fistula may make the patient hypercapneic, and positive pressure ventilation may increase the risk of the pulmanary aspiration by the regurgitation of gastric fluid by stomach distension. For that reason, in this patient, denitrogenation was performed during patient's voluntary respiration with 100% oxygen for 5 minutes, and induction was performed without positive pressure ventilation, and one lung ventilation was carried out. Hypoxemia was followed by one lung ventilation because his pulmonary function was moderate obstructive type and his lung was damaged by aspiration of gastric fluid via broncho-gastric fistula. A low level of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has no significant hemodynamic effect and can maintain the patency of nonventilated lung, so hypoxemia induced by one lung ventilation may be reduced. Thus we carried out one lung ventilation with CPAP (10 cmH2O) in nonventilated lung and blocked broncho-gastric fistula with a bronchial blocker for prevention of both regurgitation of gastric fluid and leakage of anesthetic gases. One lung anesthesia was performed without any problem in this case.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Anoxia ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Esophagectomy ; Fistula* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hyperventilation ; Lung ; One-Lung Ventilation ; Oxygen ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Respiration ; Stomach ; Stomach Ulcer

We reviewed a total of 36 cases of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors during a period of ten and a half years at Seoul National University Hospital, looking at their histologic and ultrastructural features, as well as immunohistochemical results, then we correlated these with location. The primary sites of carcinoid tumors were rectum(39%), stomach(25%), appendix(22%), small intestine(8%) and colon(6%), in order of frequency. The predominant histologic types by organ were mixed and solid(A) types in all location, the solid type(type A) in the stomach, and tubular type(type C) in the rectum. Six out of 8 cases of appendiceal carcinoid were type A and the other two cases were mucinous carcinoid. Tubular adenoma or adenocarcinoma was associated with 36% of the rectal carcinoids, with one case of carcinoid in the small intestine, and one(11%) of the gastric carcinoids was found near an adenocarcinoma. Metastasis was found in one case of ileal carcinoid(100%), one case of cecal carcinoid, 3 of gastric carcinoid(33%) and 2 of rectal carcinoid(14%). Primary tumor size ranged from 1 to 7 cm. Tumor necrosis and endolymphatic tumor emboli were found in 57% and 43% of the metastatic carcinoids, respectively. PCNA index showed a borderline significant difference between metastatic and nonmetastatic groups(P value=0.063). The low prevalence of appendiceal carcinoid and the relatively high prevalence of gastric-rectal carcinoid may reflect a low chance of incidental appendectomy and frequent detection of gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis

We report a case of ectopic thymus in the left submandibular area of a two-month-old boy. On US and CT scans, a well-marginated, 3 x 2cm-sized solid mass along the left carotid sheath, anteromedial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and posterior to the submandibular gland, was seen. CT attenuation of the mass showed that it was similar to that of normal thymus in the anterior mediastinum. Although a rare disease, ectopic thymus should be included in the differential diagnosis of cervical masses along the carotid sheath in infants.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Infant* ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Rare Diseases ; Submandibular Gland ; Thymus Gland* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Pilomattiaoma, aften called calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a benign tumor originating from the outer root sheath cell of the hair follicle and extending into the hair matrix, Pilomatricoma usually occurs as a single, asymptomatic dermal or subcutaneous nodule. Multiple lesions are quite unueuel, comprising only 2-3.5% of cases. We report two patients with multiple pilomatricoma.
Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Pilomatrixoma*