PURPOSE: False positive diagnoses of cerebral aneurysm via magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) screening may increase unnecessary cerebral catheter angiography. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of medical liability on medical decision-making during radiologic interpretation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 56 consecutive patients who were referred with suspected aneurysm based on MRA or computed tomography angiography (CTA) and showed no aneurysm on subsequent digital subtraction angiography (DSA). MRA and CTA were reviewed twice by two neuroradiology fellows who were blind as to whether the suspected lesions were true aneurysms or not. The second review was repeated after proposing that their decision was subject to legal liability and they would be responsible for medico-legal problems related to their diagnoses. Diagnostic differences based on each review were analyzed, focusing on changes in false positive diagnosis rates. RESULTS: A total of 63 suspected aneurysmal lesions detected via MRA or CTA were found to be negative based on DSA. At first review, 32 lesions were diagnosed as true aneurysms by observer 1 and 27 by observer 2, corresponding to false positive rates of 51% and 43% respectively. At the second review, 39 lesions (62%) were diagnosed by observer 1, and 30 (48%) by observer 2. Thus, there was an overall increase in false positive aneurysm diagnosis of 11% for observer 1 and 5% for observer 2, after emphasizing their responsibilities in the context of medical litigation. CONCLUSION: Concerns about medical liability could result in increased false positive diagnoses of cerebral aneurysms via MRA screening. Whether repeated follow-up of the suspected lesion or catheter angiographic confirmation is better with regard to long-term patient outcomes requires further study.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Catheters ; Clinical Decision-Making ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Jurisprudence ; Liability, Legal ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography* ; Mass Screening*

Round ligament varicosities are rare, and the mass mimics an inguinal hernia. Round ligament varicosities should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a groin swelling in a female, especially during pregnancy. The diagnosis of round ligament varicosities can be established on grayscale and color Doppler ultrasonography. We report two cases of round ligament varicosities in a 33-year-old non pregnant woman and a 28-year-old pregnant woman, and these patients were diagnosed using ultrasonography. We also reviewed the literature on round ligament varicosities including the present cases. Ultrasonography is diagnostic and can prevent unnecessary surgical intervention and associated morbidity.
Adult ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Groin ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Round Ligament of Uterus* ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

Objective: To investigate the clinical feasibility of synthetic diffusion-weighted imaging (sDWI) at different b-values in patientswith breast cancer by assessing the diagnostic image quality and the quantitative measurements compared with conventionaldiffusion-weighted imaging (cDWI). Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with breast cancer were assessed using cDWI at b-values of 800 and 1500 s/mm2 (cDWI800and cDWI1500) and sDWI at b-values of 1000 and 1500 s/mm2 (sDWI1000 and sDWI1500). Qualitative analysis (normal glandulartissue suppression, overall image quality, and lesion conspicuity) was performed using a 4-point Likert-scale for all DWI setsand the cancer detection rate (CDR) was calculated. We also evaluated cancer-to-parenchyma contrast ratios for each DWI setin 45 patients with the lesion identified on any of the DWI sets. Statistical comparisons were performed using Friedman test,one-way analysis of variance, and Cochran’s Q test. Results: All parameters of qualitative analysis, cancer-to-parenchyma contrast ratios, and CDR increased with increasingb-values, regardless of the type of imaging (synthetic or conventional) (p< 0.001). Additionally, sDWI1500 provided better lesionconspicuity than cDWI1500 (3.52 ± 0.92 vs. 3.39 ± 0.90, p< 0.05). Although cDWI1500 showed better normal glandular tissuesuppression and overall image quality than sDWI1500 (3.66 ± 0.78 and 3.73 ± 0.62 vs. 3.32 ± 0.90 and 3.35 ± 0.81, respectively;p< 0.05), there was no significant difference in their CDR (90.0%). Cancer-to-parenchyma contrast ratios were greater insDWI1500 than in cDWI1500 (0.63 ± 0.17 vs. 0.55 ± 0.18, p< 0.001). Conclusion sDWI1500 can be feasible for evaluating breast cancers in clinical practice. It provides higher tumor conspicuity,better cancer-to-parenchyma contrast ratio, and comparable CDR when compared with cDWI1500.

Möbius syndrome is a rare congenital condition, characterized by abducens and facial nerve palsy, resulting in limitation of lateral gaze movement and facial diplegia. However, to our knowledge, there have been few studies on evaluation of cranial nerves, on MR imaging in Möbius syndrome. Herein, we describe a rare case of Möbius syndrome representing limitation of lateral gaze, and weakness of facial expression, since the neonatal period. In this case, high-resolution MR imaging played a key role in diagnosing Möbius syndrome, by direct visualization of corresponding cranial nerves abnormalities.
Cranial Nerves ; Facial Expression ; Facial Nerve ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paralysis

A 32-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital complaining of cough, sputum, and chest discomfort for the past ten days. The radiologic findings were transradiant left lung with reduced number and size of vessels, mediastinal shifting to the right at expiration, matched entilation-perfusion defect on ventilation-perfusion scan, and diffuse hypoplasia of the left pulmonary artery and its branches on pulmonary angiography. We describe a case of unilateral hyperlucent lung by main bronchus obstruction in a patient who presents with a clinical picture suggestive of Swyer-James syndrome.
Adult ; Angiography ; Bronchi* ; Cough ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung, Hyperlucent* ; Pulmonary Artery ; Sputum ; Thorax

Objective: : With the recent increase in mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the role of neurosurgeons in AIS treatment has become increasingly important. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of patients with AIS treated by neurosurgeons and neurologists in the emergency room (ER) of a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Methods: : From January 2020 to June 2021, 536 patients with AIS within 24 hours of symptom onset were admitted to our hospital via the ER. Based on the type of doctors who provided initial care for AIS in the ER, patients were divided into two groups : (a) neurosurgeon group (n=119, 22.2%) and (b) neurologist group (n=417, 77.8%). Results: : Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was administered in 82 (15.3%) of 536 patients (n=17 [14.3%] in the neurosurgeon group and n=65 [15.6%] in the neurologist group). The door-to-tPA time was not significantly different between both groups (median, 53 minutes; interquartile range [IQR], 45–58 vs. median, 54 minutes; IQR, 46–74; p=0.372). MT was performed in 69 patients (12.9%) (n=25, 36.2% in the neurosurgeon group and n=44, 63.8% in the neurologist group). The neurosurgeon group achieved a shorter door-to-puncture time than the neurologist group (median, 115 minutes; IQR, 107–151 vs. median, 162 minutes; IQR, 117–189; p=0.049). Good clinical outcomes (3-month modified Rankin Scale 0–2) did not differ significantly between the two groups (96/119 [80.7%] vs. 322/417 [77.2%], p=0.454). Conclusion : The neurosurgeon group showed similar door-to-treatment time and clinical outcomes to the neurologist group in patients with AIS in the ER. This study suggests that neurosurgeons have comparable abilities to care for patients with AIS in the ER.

Dermoid cysts are benign congenital tumors composed of keratinizing squamous epithelium and dermal derivatives. They account for less than 1% of all intracranial tumors and are rarely exhibited at the base of the skull. To the best of our knowledge, only one case report has presented computed tomography and conventional T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) findings that revealed an infratemporal dermoid cyst. In the present study, we report an unusual case of a dermoid cyst in the right infratemporal fossa, which was incidentally detected by MR imaging with the Dixon technique. This article also highlights the importance of meticulous radiological review and the usefulness of the Dixon technique in everyday clinical practice.
Dermoid Cyst* ; Epithelium ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Skull Base* ; Skull*

Dermoid cysts are benign congenital tumors composed of keratinizing squamous epithelium and dermal derivatives. They account for less than 1% of all intracranial tumors and are rarely exhibited at the base of the skull. To the best of our knowledge, only one case report has presented computed tomography and conventional T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) findings that revealed an infratemporal dermoid cyst. In the present study, we report an unusual case of a dermoid cyst in the right infratemporal fossa, which was incidentally detected by MR imaging with the Dixon technique. This article also highlights the importance of meticulous radiological review and the usefulness of the Dixon technique in everyday clinical practice.
Dermoid Cyst* ; Epithelium ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Skull Base* ; Skull*

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is associated with systemic complications and high mortality rate in dogs. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated for their therapeutic potential in several inflammation models. In the present study, the effects of canine adipose tissue-derived (cAT)-MSCs in a rat model of SAP induced by retrograde injection of 3% sodium taurocholate solution into the pancreatic duct were investigated. cAT-MSCs labeled with dioctadecyl-3,3,3′-tetramethylindo-carbocyanine perchlorate (1 × 10⁷ cells/kg) were systemically administered to rats and pancreatic tissue was collected three days later for histopathological, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemical analyses. Greater numbers of infused cAT-MSCs were detected in the pancreas of SAP relative to sham-operated rats. cAT-MSC infusion reduced pancreatic edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and acinar cell necrosis, and decreased pancreatic expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, -12, -17, and -23 and interferon-γ, while stimulating expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in SAP rats. Moreover, cAT-MSCs decreased the number of clusters of differentiation 3-positive T cells and increased that of forkhead box P3-positive T cells in the injured pancreas. These results indicate that cAT-MSCs can be effective as a cell-based therapeutic strategy for treatment of SAP in dogs.
Acinar Cells ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Cytokines ; Dogs ; Edema ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukins ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Models, Animal ; Mortality ; Necrosis ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatitis* ; Rats* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Lymphocytes* ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Taurocholic Acid

Neurogenic tumors are common in posterior mediastinal tumors and neurilemmoma represents approximately 40% of neurogenic tumors arising in the mediastinum. It is usually asymptomatic, and is generally diagnosed incidentally. In some cases, they presented with symptoms of nerve or airway compression. However, a solitary neurilemmoma, particularly not associated with von Recklinghausen disease, with spontaneous hemothorax is quite rare. We report a case of spontaneous massive hemothorax associated with a solitary neurilemmoma.
Hemothorax ; Mediastinum ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibromatosis 1