No abstract available.
Fallopian Tubes* ; Female

An act of children's welfare was made in 1961 for the first time in Korea but it had been nothing but the name in view of practical impact to prevention of child abuse. Real undertakings of Child Abuse Prevention were commenced overtly since 2000 in Korea, when the law for children's welfare was revised to put protective settings for the victims and to establish criterion for children's safety. The history of Child Abuse Prevention is very short in Korea but the reporting cases increased very fast from 4,133 cases in 2001 up to 9,570 cases in 2008 with the enthusiastic activities from people of the associated organizations along with the national supports. But the portion reported by the mandated reporters such as teachers or doctors is still low compared to those of the developed countries. The National Child Protection Agency (NCPA) was founded in 2001 by the Ministry of Health and Welfare to prevent child abuse and to aid recovery of abused and neglected children including their families, through the cooperation of related organizations. NCPA refers reported cases of child abuse to appropriate local centers, operates a computer database system for case management, publicizes national reports of child abuse on a yearly basis and technically supports the Local Child Protection Agency (LCPA) by developing scales for assessment of child abuse and neglect and distributing programs for the education of mandatory reporters. LCPAs operate 24-hour telephone hotline, investigate and visit homes and provide in home services networking with local resources, and operate multidisciplinary teams for screening child abuse victims and supervising case management through multimodal systems. We summarized the present state of child abuse in Korea and reviewed the operating systems for child protection in this country. Through this article, we hope that medical peoples are to be informed on the seriousness of child abuse and to be able to devote themselves for the prevention of child abuse.
Case Management ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Developed Countries ; Hotlines ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Mortuary Practice ; Weights and Measures

An act of children's welfare was made in 1961 for the first time in Korea but it had been nothing but the name in view of practical impact to prevention of child abuse. Real undertakings of Child Abuse Prevention were commenced overtly since 2000 in Korea, when the law for children's welfare was revised to put protective settings for the victims and to establish criterion for children's safety. The history of Child Abuse Prevention is very short in Korea but the reporting cases increased very fast from 4,133 cases in 2001 up to 9,570 cases in 2008 with the enthusiastic activities from people of the associated organizations along with the national supports. But the portion reported by the mandated reporters such as teachers or doctors is still low compared to those of the developed countries. The National Child Protection Agency (NCPA) was founded in 2001 by the Ministry of Health and Welfare to prevent child abuse and to aid recovery of abused and neglected children including their families, through the cooperation of related organizations. NCPA refers reported cases of child abuse to appropriate local centers, operates a computer database system for case management, publicizes national reports of child abuse on a yearly basis and technically supports the Local Child Protection Agency (LCPA) by developing scales for assessment of child abuse and neglect and distributing programs for the education of mandatory reporters. LCPAs operate 24-hour telephone hotline, investigate and visit homes and provide in home services networking with local resources, and operate multidisciplinary teams for screening child abuse victims and supervising case management through multimodal systems. We summarized the present state of child abuse in Korea and reviewed the operating systems for child protection in this country. Through this article, we hope that medical peoples are to be informed on the seriousness of child abuse and to be able to devote themselves for the prevention of child abuse.
Case Management ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Developed Countries ; Hotlines ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Mortuary Practice ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify minimum data sets for oral mucous integrity-related documentation and to analyze nursing records for oral care.METHODS: To identify minimum data sets for oral status, the authors reviewed 26 assessment tools and a practical guideline for oral care. The content validity of the minimum data sets was assessed by three nurse specialists. To map the minimum data sets to nursing records, the authors examined 107 nursing records derived from 44 patients who received chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in one tertiary hospital.RESULTS: The minimum data sets were 10 elements such as location, mucositis grade, pain, hygiene, dysphagia, exudate, inflammation, difficulty speaking, and moisture. Inflammation contained two value sets: type and color. Mucositis grade, pain, dysphagia and inflammation were recorded well, accounting for a complete mapping rate of 100%. Hygiene (100%) was incompletely mapped, and there were no records for exudate (83.2%), difficulty speaking (99.1%), or moisture (88.8%).CONCLUSION: This study found that nursing records on oral mucous integrity were not sufficient and could be improved by adopting minimum data sets as identified in this study.
Dataset ; Deglutition Disorders ; Drug Therapy ; Exudates and Transudates ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Inflammation ; Mucositis ; Nursing Records ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Oral Ulcer ; Specialization ; Tertiary Care Centers

PURPOSE: False positive diagnoses of cerebral aneurysm via magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) screening may increase unnecessary cerebral catheter angiography. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of medical liability on medical decision-making during radiologic interpretation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 56 consecutive patients who were referred with suspected aneurysm based on MRA or computed tomography angiography (CTA) and showed no aneurysm on subsequent digital subtraction angiography (DSA). MRA and CTA were reviewed twice by two neuroradiology fellows who were blind as to whether the suspected lesions were true aneurysms or not. The second review was repeated after proposing that their decision was subject to legal liability and they would be responsible for medico-legal problems related to their diagnoses. Diagnostic differences based on each review were analyzed, focusing on changes in false positive diagnosis rates. RESULTS: A total of 63 suspected aneurysmal lesions detected via MRA or CTA were found to be negative based on DSA. At first review, 32 lesions were diagnosed as true aneurysms by observer 1 and 27 by observer 2, corresponding to false positive rates of 51% and 43% respectively. At the second review, 39 lesions (62%) were diagnosed by observer 1, and 30 (48%) by observer 2. Thus, there was an overall increase in false positive aneurysm diagnosis of 11% for observer 1 and 5% for observer 2, after emphasizing their responsibilities in the context of medical litigation. CONCLUSION: Concerns about medical liability could result in increased false positive diagnoses of cerebral aneurysms via MRA screening. Whether repeated follow-up of the suspected lesion or catheter angiographic confirmation is better with regard to long-term patient outcomes requires further study.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Catheters ; Clinical Decision-Making ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Jurisprudence ; Liability, Legal ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography* ; Mass Screening*

Round ligament varicosities are rare, and the mass mimics an inguinal hernia. Round ligament varicosities should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a groin swelling in a female, especially during pregnancy. The diagnosis of round ligament varicosities can be established on grayscale and color Doppler ultrasonography. We report two cases of round ligament varicosities in a 33-year-old non pregnant woman and a 28-year-old pregnant woman, and these patients were diagnosed using ultrasonography. We also reviewed the literature on round ligament varicosities including the present cases. Ultrasonography is diagnostic and can prevent unnecessary surgical intervention and associated morbidity.
Adult ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Groin ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Round Ligament of Uterus* ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a short-term inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation treatment program including inspiratory muscle training and reconditioning exercise in pneumoconiosis patients. METHOD: Thirty pneumoconiosis patients have undergone a 3-week inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program. The program included a inspiratory muscle strengthening, relaxation technique and reconditioning exercise such as walking and upper extremity strengthening. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated by a pulmonary function test, 6-minute walk distance and 150 mm-visual analog dyspnea scale before and after the program. RESULTS: After the 3-week inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program, there was a significant increase in 6-minute walk distance(p<0.01) and a significant decrease in 150 mm-visual analog dyspnea scale(p<0.01). However the pulmonary function test showed no significant change. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the short-term inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program can improve the exercise tolerance by reduction of dyspnea and increase of walk distance, and ultimately increase the quality of life in pneumoconiosis patients.
Dyspnea ; Exercise Tolerance ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Pneumoconiosis* ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation* ; Relaxation ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Upper Extremity ; Walking

Masclura tricuspidata, also called as Cudrania tricuspidata, is one of the most common Moraceae family plants in East Asia. Its trivial name follows mulberry due to the similar morphology. Investigation of the bioactive constituents of M. tricuspidata leaves yielded a new xanthone derivative along with twenty known compounds through various chromatographic techniques. A new compound was defined as mascluraxanthone (3), a prenylated xanthone glucoside on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and MS data. Twenty known compounds were identified as four xanthone derivatives (1-2 and 4-5), two flavans (6-7), six flavanol derivatives (8-13), a flavonone (14) and seven flavonol derivatives (15-21). Among the isolated compounds, flavanol and flavonoid derivatives with 3′,4′-OH groups showed antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. Conclusively, the leaves of M.tricuspidata are rich in aromatic compounds including xanthones and flavonoids. In addition, these constituents showed antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase potentials, which might be useful for oxidative stress related diseases.

Molecular mechanisms governing peritonitis caused by the presence of aseptic gauze have remained unclear. To identify the genes involved, sterile gauze-exposed omentum was collected at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h intervals, and analyzed by differential display RT(reverse transcription)-PCR. Among over 1,200 bands, 230 bands were found differentially expressed. These bands represented the fragment sizes of approximately 200 to 1,500 bp. The eight fragments were expressed differentially in the treatment group but not in the control. The sequences of two bands were similar to those of genes associated with the inflammatory process and a band was related to repair and regeneration process. Another one was related with spermatogonia and the rest four were unknown. Additionally, amplicons corresponding to the full-length sequences of two inflammatory gene fragments were synthesized by rapid amplification of cDNA end PCR. One showed 99% similarity to the major histocompatibility complex class II dog leukocyte antigen-DR beta chain and the other was canis familiaris proteasome beta type 3. Results of the present study suggested that sterile gauze induced the differential expression of genes in the omentum involved in inflammation and healing process.
Animals ; *Bandages ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Complementary/analysis ; Dogs/*genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling/veterinary ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Omentum/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; *Wound Healing

PURPOSE: The major aim of this study is to evaluate the patterns of recurrence of the stomach cancer after curative resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patterns of the fimt failure and survival after relapse of 136 female gastric cancer patients who had received curative resection were evaluated. Factors influencing survival after relapse were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: Peritoneal relapse was the most common pattern of the first failure, with 3-year estimate of overall peritoneal relapse being 13.0%. The 3-year estimates of overall local- regional relapse, liver metastasis, and extraabdominal relapse were 11.2%, 4.8%, and 3.8%, respectively. Patients younger than 45 years developed peritoneal relapse at a significantly higher rate than patients aged 45-65 years (p 0.037). The most significant factor affecting the survival of relapsed patients was whether resection was performed for recurrent disease without remaining gross residual disease. Patterns of relapse did not significantly affect survival, but patients whose recurrences were limited to local-regional area tended to survive longer than those with extraaMominal component (p=0.067). CONCLUSION: Peritoneal relapse was the most common pattem and significantly associated with younger age after curative resection af gastric cancer of Korean female patients.
Female* ; Humans ; Liver ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms*