No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV* ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; Xanthomatosis*

Purpose: The management of bowel bladder disorder (BBD) has only been indicated for subjective constipation without objective evidence. We attempted to highlight the radiological findings in patients with BBD and construct a scoring system to identify patients with BBD prior to treatment. Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) received polyethylene glycol for 2 months before bladder medication for LUTD. Based on partial response to LUTD following treatment, we divided the patients into LUTD-fecal impaction (FI) and LUTD not attributed to FI (LUTD-NFI) groups. Pre/post-treatment kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) were compared with respect to several radiographic parameters. Items with significant changes after treatment were included in the scoring system. The accuracy and inter-rater agreement were also evaluated. Results: Cecal dilation, descending colon dilation, fecal quality, and overall haziness were found to undergo significant changes after laxative treatment. We assigned 0 to 2 points for each item, with a total score of 8. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a cutoff value of 5 between LUTD-FI and LUTD-NFI, with 79% sensitivity and 88% specificity. The scoring system was instructed to six doctors who were unaware of it and was then tested on previous patients, which showed a substantial concordance rate (κ=0.79, p<0.05). Conclusions Fecal scoring system based on KUB was beneficial in identifying children with LUTD attributed to FI. This may provide an opportunity to obtain objective FI data as an alternative to subjective assessment of constipation.

No abstract available.
Hyperprolactinemia*

PURPOSE: As Korea has been rapidly transformed to be a multicultural society, it becomes essential for nurses to develop cultural competency. The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess the cultural competency level of general hospital nurses and to examine its contributing factors adopting ecological model. METHOD: A convenience sample of 327 nurses from six general hospitals in Seoul metropolitan area was recruited between November 14 to 28, 2011. Cultural competency was measured using the Korean version of the Caffrey Cultural Competence in Healthcare Scale (CCCHS) and Cultural Competence Assessment(CCA). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the influence of intrapersonal, cultural-experience, and organizational factors on cultural competency. RESULTS: Mean cultural competency in this study was 2.57(+/-0.43). Cultural competency was associated with job position (p=.044) at the intrapersonal level. At the cultural experience level, foreign language classes experience (p=.005), fluency in a foreign language (p=.000), experience of working with foreign health care professionals (p=.000) were associated cultural competency. At the organizational level, training program (p=.000), job description (p=.002), health education materials (p=.016), insufficient job control (p=.000), and interpersonal conflicts (p=.011) showed significant difference. Foreign language class experience, foreign language fluency, experience of working with foreign health care professionals, and job control were the most consistent predictors of cultural competence and explained 20.4% of the total variance in the proposed ecological model. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that to enhance cultural competency in general hospital nurses, cultural experience and organizational factors need to be more fully considered than intrapersonal factors.
Cultural Competency ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Education ; Hospitals, General ; Job Description ; Korea

PURPOSE: To assess the causes of periportal low attenuation, as seen on CT, in patients with blunt abdominaltrauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From among 812 patients who underwent abdominal CT after blunt abdominal trauma,we retrospectively analysed the findings in 124 with evidence of periportal low attenvation. Among these, hepaticinjury was noted in only 87. The presence or absence, and extent of hepatic injury, and of periportal lowattenuation, as seen on CT, were carefully evaluated. In each case, the ratio of the transverse diameter of theinferior vena cava(IVC) to the aorta at the level of the right adrenal gland provided an indirect measurement ofcentral venous pressure; for control purposes, the ratio was also obtained in 21 non-traumatic patients with noabnormal abdominal CT findings. RESULTS: Of the 87 patients with hepatic injury, 46 showed no periportal lowattenuation, and the average value of the ratio between the IVC and aorta was 1.16+/-0.12, while the remaining 41patients showed periportal low attenuation with a ratio of 1.51+/-0.21(p<0.05). In the 37 patients with periportallow attenuation but no evidence of concomitant hepatic injury, the average ratio was 1.52+/-0.25, while in 21non-traumatic patients it was 1.15+/-0.16. For resustication, all patients had received 0.5-5.0l of IV fluidtherapy before CT, and at the time of CT, were normotensive. CONCLUSION: Rapidly elevated central venous pressurefollowing massive IV infusion therapy in patients with blunt abdominal trauma can be one of the causes ofperiportal low attenuation, as seen on CT.
Adrenal Glands ; Aorta ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Venous Pressure

This study was carried out to reduce children's sugar, natrium and fat intakes and establish their healthy lifestyle. To achieve these goals, we developed an educational web site and an e-learning system. The targets of this web site are children, parents and educators. This site has various information about sugar, natrium and fat, and has special menus for each target: such as the 'Let's study' for children, 'Guides for child's eating' for parents, and 'Educational softwares, Lesson plans/materials, and Textbooks/Teaching guides' for educators. We developed three nutrient characters and applied them to the web site. We provided information in the form of texts, images, flash and sounds. This site has special boards in 'Nutrition cafe' menu to interchange information or their successful stories between the connecters. We developed an e-learning system with two courses. One is for junior elementary students and the other is for senior students. Children can study each nutrient step by step in a course according to their academic ability and concern. Also, they can evaluate their academic achievement in this system, which was uploaded into 'Let's study' in children menu in the web site. Conclusively this web site and e-learning system could contribute to reducing children's sugar, natrium and fat intakes by helping children study them systematically and effectively by on-line system. We expect this e-learning system would be a new nutrition education system to make nutrition education more active.
Achievement ; Child ; Humans ; Life Style ; Online Systems ; Parents

No abstract available.
Animals ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Testis*

Stronger Neo-Minophagen C (SNMC) is a glycyrrhizin-containing preparation that is approved in Japan for the treatment of chronic hepatic diseases and is marketed in Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, and India. Glycyrrhizin, a triterpene present in the roots and rhizomes of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-viral effects. In the present study, we demonstrated the marked neuroprotective effects of SNMC in the postischemic rat brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We used 1 ml/kg of SNMC, which is within the dose range used for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatic disease. The administration of SNMC intravenously at 30 minutes before or 30 minutes and 3 hours after MCAO (60 minutes) reduces mean infarct volumes to 27.0+/-4.2%, 37.1+/-12.4%, and 67.8+/-5.8% of that of untreated controls, respectively. This neuroprotective effect is accompanied by improvements in motor impairment and neurological deficits. The administration of SNMC is shown to suppress microglia activation and neutrophil infiltration in the postischemic brain. In addition, SNMC suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced nitrite production and proinflammatory cytokine induction in a microglia cell line, BV2. This indicates that the neuroprotective effect of SNMC might be due, at least in part, to an anti-inflammatiory effect. Interestingly, SNMC shows significantly higher neuroprotective potency compared to an equivalent dose of pure glycyrrhizin, in terms of reducing infarct volume and improving neurological deficits. Together these results indicate that SNMC, a glycyrrhizin-containing preparation developed for chronic liver disease, has a marked neuroprotective function in the postischemic brain via its anti-inflammatory effects.
Animals ; Brain ; Cell Line ; China ; Cysteine ; Drug Combinations ; Glycine ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid ; Glycyrrhiza ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; Humans ; India ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Japan ; Korea ; Liver Diseases ; Microglia ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Rats ; Rhizome ; Taiwan

The effect of fentanyl on arterial pressure and heart rate during laryngoscopy and intubation was studied in 40 adult normotensive patients. Two groups of 20 patients were observed. Patients received thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg (contal group) or fentanyl 2 ug/kg with thiopental 5 mg/kg (fentanyl group) for induction of anesthesia. The changes of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured during the preinduction period, before thiopental (or thiopental+fentanyl), after succinylcholine, immediately after intubation and 5 minutes after intubation. The values were compared with preinduction control values. The results were as follows: The contro#l group showed a significant inerease of SBP, DBP and MAP (p<0.001) but no significant increase was noted in the fentanyl group with tracheal intubation. DBP and MAP returned to normal within 5 minutes and SBP decreased significantly (p<0.05). Significant heart rate elevation following intubation was observed in both groups. It is suggested from the above results that pretreatment with fentanyl 2 g/kg reduce the blood pressure elevation following intubation but dose not prevent the elevation of heart rate.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Fentanyl* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Laryngoscopy* ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental