No abstract available.
Acinar Cells* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell* ; Parotid Gland*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to study on 1) What is nursing students' experience of ethical problems involving nursing practice? 2) What is nursing students' experience of using ethical decision-making models? METHOD: In order to answer these two questions, we selected 97 senior baccalaureate nursing students from two Korean universities using a conceptual framework and method of content analysis. RESULT: From 97 ethical problems emerged five content categories, the largest being ethical problems involving health professionals (69%); the basic nature of the nursing students' experience of ethical problems consisted of conflict, resolution, and rationale; 94% of the students stated that using an ethical decision-making model was helpful. CONCLUSION: Although additional research is needed, these findings have important implications for nursing ethics education and practice.
Education ; Ethics, Nursing ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the relationship among health-related quality of life of the Cheon-nam region elderly with low back pain. METHODS: Data were obtained from cross-sectional surveys conducted as a part of the Community Health Survey 2008. The final analysis included data from 7,003 of the 7,070 elderly participants (aged over 65 years), as 67 responses were excluded since they were inaccurate. Data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows (ver. 19.0), using a chi2-test, a t-test, an ANOVA, and multiple liner regression. The significance threshold was set as p<0.05. RESULTS: Factors related to the health-related quality of life of the elderly were low back pain, age, education level, occupation, subjective health status, subjective stress, drinking status, number of chronic diseases, and sleep duration. Further, health-related quality of life was significantly lower in elderly adults with low back pain. CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve health-related quality of life of the elderly and the development of the program for the management of low back pain will be needed to determine, it is considered necessary to study more to follow through the various analysis of in the elderly and health-related quality of life.
Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drinking ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Occupations ; Quality of Life

BACKGROUND: It is important that hospitals conduct disaster drills to ensure prompt response in case of a pandemic and thereby prevent a biological disaster. METHODS: In a university hospital of Seoul, a drill was arranged by the members of the drill preparation team who were a part of the response team for infection control of novel influenza A (H1N1). The drill preparation team designed the scenario for the drill, made plans to resolve the potential problems that could occur during that scenario, and organized a survey team and a survey methodology. The scenario consisted of 2 modules: (1) for an intensive care unit and (2) for an emergency care center. The surveyors and field participants were evaluated after the drill exercise. RESULTS: This drill was conducted to improve the response to outbreaks of new infectious diseases. The drill event showed that the communication among the members responsible for the infection control was effective. However, the drill revealed certain drawbacks in the process; this drawbacks involved availability of adequate quarantine space, education on using personal protective equipments, assignment of medical and nonmedical staff, management of visitors, and installment of air-conditioners, heaters, and ventilation units in the areas with H1N1 outbreak. CONCLUSION: This drill helped to improve the process of infection control and overcome the drawbacks in the current process, and thereby helped in achieving positive outcome during the actual pandemic situation when the number of hospital visits and admissions because of H1N1 pandemic had rapidly increased. Although disaster plans and drills are not actively performed, the drill for infection control is essential because the risk for an outbreak of a new infectious disease is increasing.
Communicable Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Dietary Sucrose ; Disasters ; Disease Outbreaks ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Influenza, Human ; Intensive Care Units ; Mandrillus ; Pandemics ; Quarantine ; Ventilation

Background: The current Korean Blood Inventory Monitoring System (BMS) has several drawbacks. It does not provide real-time data and only monitors 211 of the more than 2500 institutes that performed blood transfusions.This survey study investigated the status of BMS use and the preparation status of the data input system of medical institutions to help in the revision of BMS in preparation for the full surveillance of BMS. Methods: A survey questionnaire was given to 200 hospitals participating in the current BMS, along with another set of questionnaires to 150 non-participating hospitals. The questionnaire consisted of the method of data registry to BMS, the current status of electronic medical records (EMR) and order communication system (OCS), perception, and readiness of adaptation of an open application programming interface system (API). Results: Two hundred and one BMS participating hospitals responded to the survey. Approximately 75% entered data with a comma-separated value (CSV) or Excel spreadsheet (xls) files, and approximately half had an in-house developed EMR and OCS. The majority showed enthusiasm for the introduction to an open API. Among the non-participating hospitals, 138 responded. Approximately 70% counted the blood inventory daily, but approximately half did not use electronic methods for this process. The response to the introduction to an open API was positive, but the readiness for a prompt introduction was low at 15.9%. Conclusion These results will help revise the current BMS. On the other hand, full surveillance of BMS is anticipated to be hindered by the ready state of each medical institute. Moreover, the encouragement of participation would require supportive government administrative measures.

Background: The current Korean Blood Inventory Monitoring System (BMS) has several drawbacks. It does not provide real-time data and only monitors 211 of the more than 2500 institutes that performed blood transfusions.This survey study investigated the status of BMS use and the preparation status of the data input system of medical institutions to help in the revision of BMS in preparation for the full surveillance of BMS. Methods: A survey questionnaire was given to 200 hospitals participating in the current BMS, along with another set of questionnaires to 150 non-participating hospitals. The questionnaire consisted of the method of data registry to BMS, the current status of electronic medical records (EMR) and order communication system (OCS), perception, and readiness of adaptation of an open application programming interface system (API). Results: Two hundred and one BMS participating hospitals responded to the survey. Approximately 75% entered data with a comma-separated value (CSV) or Excel spreadsheet (xls) files, and approximately half had an in-house developed EMR and OCS. The majority showed enthusiasm for the introduction to an open API. Among the non-participating hospitals, 138 responded. Approximately 70% counted the blood inventory daily, but approximately half did not use electronic methods for this process. The response to the introduction to an open API was positive, but the readiness for a prompt introduction was low at 15.9%. Conclusion These results will help revise the current BMS. On the other hand, full surveillance of BMS is anticipated to be hindered by the ready state of each medical institute. Moreover, the encouragement of participation would require supportive government administrative measures.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Two comparable anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents with different routes of administration (intravenous [iv] infliximab [IFX] vs subcutaneous [sc] adalimumab [ADA]) are available for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) in Korea. This study aimed to identify the preferences of Korean CD patients for a specific anti-TNF agent and the factors contributing to the decision. METHODS: A prospective survey was performed among anti-TNF-naive CD patients in 10 tertiary referral hospitals. A 16-item questionnaire addressed patient preferences and the factors contributing to the decision in favor of a particular anti-TNF agent. A logistic regression was conducted to assess predictive factors for ADA preference. RESULTS: Overall, 189 patients (139 males; mean age, 32.47±11.71 years) completed the questionnaire. IFX and ADA were preferred by 63.5% (120/189) and 36.5% (69/189) of patients, respectively. The most influential reason for choosing IFX was ‘doctor's presence' (68.3%, 82/120), and ADA was “easy to use” (34.8%, 24/69). Amid various clinicodemographic data, having a >60-minute travel time to the hospital was a significant independent predictive factor for ADA preference. CONCLUSIONS: A large number of anti-TNF-naive Korean patients with CD preferred anti-TNFs with an iv route of administration. The reassuring effect of a doctor's presence might be the main contributing factor for this decision.
Crohn Disease* ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Necrosis* ; Patient Preference ; Prospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers

Many studies have investigated relationships between APOE genotype and bone mineral density (BMD). However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent. Few studies have been carried out in Asian populations. We studied the relationship of the APOE gene polymorphism and BMD in two large population-based studies. The datasets included the Dong-gu Study (3575 men and 5335 women) and the Namwon Study (2310 men, 3512 women). Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. APOE genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The APOE genotypes were classified into APOE E2 (E2/E2 and E2/E3), APOE E3 (E3/E3), and APOE E4 (E3/E4 and E4/E4). The genotype distribution of the study population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There were no significant differences among APOE genotype groups in lumbar and femoral neck BMD in either cohort. Our data do not support the hypothesis that the APOE genotype is associated with BMD.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Apolipoproteins E ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bone Density ; Cohort Studies ; Dataset ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Genotype ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Spine

Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, few studies have evaluated the association between vitamin D status and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We therefore aimed to investigate whether low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were associated with increased risk of PAD in the Korean population. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 8,960 subjects aged 50 years or older without known myocardial infarction or stroke. PAD was defined by an ankle brachial blood pressure index <0.9. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of PAD. Of the 8,960 subjects, 3.0% had PAD and the age and sex adjusted prevalence of PAD decreased with the increasing 25(OH)D quartile. After adjusting for potential confounders and parathyroid hormones, serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with a significantly decreased risk of PAD (OR for one SD increase, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95-1.0, P for trend=0.040). Compared with the first 25(OH)D quartile, the odds of PAD were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.62-1.21), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.46-0.97), and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.49-1.04) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. In this cross-sectional study, we found that low serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with an increased risk of PAD, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and parathyroid hormone. Our findings suggest that low vitamin D levels may contribute to PAD in the Korean population.
Ankle ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Infarction ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins

PURPOSE: Differences in the utility of routine angiographic follow-up (RAF) and clinical follow-up (CF) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are not well understood. The present study aimed to compare the 3-year clinical outcomes of RAF and CF in AMI patients who underwent PCI with drug-eluting stents (DES). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 774 consecutive AMI patients who underwent PCI with DES were enrolled. RAF was performed at 6 to 9 months after index PCI (n=425). The remaining patients were medically managed and clinically followed (n=349); symptom-driven events were captured. To adjust for any potential confounders, a propensity score matched analysis was performed using a logistic regression model, and two propensity-matched groups (248 pairs, n=496, C-statistic=0.739) were generated. Cumulative clinical outcomes up to 3 years were compared between RAF and CF groups. RESULTS: During the 3-year follow-up period, the cumulative incidences of revascularization [target lesion revascularization: hazard ratio (HR), 2.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–4.85; p=0.015, target vessel revascularization (TVR): HR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.69–6.58; p=0.001, non-TVR: HR, 5.64; 95% CI, 1.90–16.6; p=0.002] and major adverse cardiac events (MACE; HR, 3.32; 95% CI, 1.92–5.73; p<0.001) were significantly higher in the RAF group than the CF group. However, the 3-year incidences of death and myocardial infarction were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: RAF following index PCI with DES in AMI patients was associated with increased incidences of revascularization and MACE. Therefore, CF seems warranted for asymptomatic patients after PCI for AMI.
Coronary Angiography ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* ; Propensity Score