Background: Both medicolegal disputes and the incidence of cutaneous drug eruptions are increasing in Korea. We were unable to find research that surveyed the legal disputes involving drug eruption cases. Objective: This study investigates medical litigation associated with drug eruption cases in Korea. Methods: Judicial precedents on drug eruption cases were searched using the Supreme Court of South Korea’s Written Judgement Management System. General characteristics, results, suspected agents, and recognized negligence were analyzed. Results: From the search results, 50 cases were selected. Of these, 34 cases had severe cutaneous adverse reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (n=25, 50.0%), and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome (n=9, 18.0%). Antimicrobial agents (n=17, 34.0%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n=6, 12.0%), and anticonvulsants (n=6, 12.0%) were the most common drugs implicated. Death was reported in 15 patients (30.0%). In this sample, 22 cases (47.0%) were awarded to the plaintiff, and violation of the duty to inform patients of risks was the most common legal issue cited. Conclusion Clinicians should be aware of and advise patients of the potential for severe adverse reactions that can lead to negative outcomes and medicolegal disputes.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: While endoscopic resection could be considered as the best choice for the treatment of small rectal carcinoid, the colonoscopic biopsies performed at the time of detection may lead to scar and ulcer formation and cause unpredicted difficulty in the endoscopic resection. This study was evaluated to analyze the relationship between the post-biopsy scar and the limitation of submucosal elevation for the endoscopic resection of rectal carcinoids. METHODS: Twenty two cases of rectal carcinoid which received prior biopsies before the endoscopic resection were retrospectively compared with 20 non-biopsied cases. All two groups were treated by endoscopic resection from January 2000 to December 2007. There was no difference in the clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings such as size and location between the two groups. RESULTS: The limited submucosal elevation was experienced in 17 cases (77%) in the biopsy group, significantly more frequent than 9 cases (45%) in the non-biopsy group (p=0.03). The colonoscopic findings which contribute to difficult submucosal elevation were the depressive scar formation after biopsy, the size less than 5 mm in the biopsy group, active ulcer formation after biopsy. Regarding the resection method, endoscopic submucosal dissection was frequently adopted (23% vs. 5%) in the biopsy group. The frequency of endoscopic piecemeal resection in biopsy group was higher than non-biopsy group (23% vs 10%), and all cases were subsequently resected by other endoscopic methods. CONCLUSIONS: The post-biopsy scar can interfere with successful submucosal elevation for endoscopic resection of rectal carcinoids. The number of forcep biopsy should be minimized in the diagnostic colonoscopy when endoscopic resection is planned rectal carcinoids.
Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Carcinoid Tumor/*pathology/surgery ; Cicatrix/pathology ; Colonoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery ; Risk Factors

Mongolian gerbil has been as an model animal for studing the neurological diseases such as stroke and epilepsy because of the congenital incompleteries in Willis circle, as well as the investigation of water metabolism because of the long time-survival in the condition of water-deprived desert condition, compared with other animal species. In order to accomplish this research, first of all another divided the laboratory animals 5 groups of which each group include the 5 animals. In this study of the long term water deprived condition author investigatied the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus by using a quantitative immunohistochemistry, measured the plasma osmolalities at the time of sacrifice of indivisual animals, and the body weights every day during water-deprived. The results obtained in this study were summarized as followings: 1. The body weights and decreasing rates of the body weight in water-deprived animal groups were continuosly decreased. 2. The plasma osmolalities were increased from the 5th water-deprived day, after then the gradually increase reached nearly its equilibrium state at the 10th water-deprived day. 3. Vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactive cells were mainly observed in PVN, SON and a few in the lateral magnocellular area of hypothalamus. 4. The number of VP immunoreactive cells in paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus were abruptly decreas-ed until the 5th day in the supraoptic nucleus in number and until the 10th day in the paraventricular nucleus of water-deprived. 5. The OT secreting cells were severely decreased on the 5th water deprived day in paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus, after than these cells were very slowly decreased until to the 38th water deprived day.
Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; Body Weight ; Circle of Willis ; Epilepsy ; Gerbillinae* ; Hypothalamus* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Metabolism ; Neurons* ; Osmolar Concentration ; Oxytocin ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Plasma ; Stroke ; Supraoptic Nucleus ; Vasopressins