The alterations in the localization of keratinocyte membrane glycoconjugates in allergic contact dermatitis were investigated in guinea pig skin treated with topical application of 2.4-dinitro-chlorobenzene. We employed the avidin-biotin complex(ABC) method for the detection of localization of 10 commercially available lectins labelled with biotin: Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA-1, RCA-1, PNA, HP, MPA, and ECA. Staining with WGA showed a remarkably decreased intensity in basal and spinous layers of the allergic skin in comparison to those of the control skin, suggesting loss of terminal sialic acids in cell membrane glycoconjugates. The other lectins showed no remarkable difference in the staining patterns between the normal and the allergic ski. The results suggest that epidermal cell membrane glycoconjugates undergoes selective perturbations in acute allergic contact dermatitis, and that the keratinocytes might be an active part of the cutaneous immune system.

No abstract available.
Temporal Bone*

No abstract available.
Macrophages, Alveolar* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that severe hypoxemia is often associated with liver cirrhosis without preexisting cardiac or pulmonary diseases. Pulmonary vascular impairments, more specifically, intrapulmonary shunting have been considered as a major mechanism. Intrapulmonary shunting arises from pulmonary vascular dilatation at the precapillary level or direct arteriovenous communication and has relationship with the characteristic skin findings of spider angioma. However, these results are mainly from Western countries where alcoholic and primary biliary cirrhosis are dominant causes of cirrhosis. It is uncertain that tie same is true in viral hepatitiss associated liver cirrhosis, which is dominant causes of liver cirrhosis in Korea. We investigated the incidences of hypoxemia and orthodeoxia in Korean cirrhotic patients dominantly composed of postnecrotic cirrhosis and the significance of intrapulmonary shunting as the suggested mechanism of hypoxemia. METHOD: We performed the arterial blood gas analysis separately both at the supine and errect position in 48 stable cirrhotic patients without the evidences of severe complications such as ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatic coma. According to the results of arterial blood gas analysis, all patients were divided into hypoxemic and normoxemic group. In each group, pulmonary function test and Tc-99m-MAA whole body scan were performed. The shunting fraction was calculated based on the fact that the sum of cerebral and bilateral renal blood flow is 32% of the systemic blood flow. RESULTS: The hypoxemia of PaO2 less than 80 mmHg was observed in 9 patients(18.8%) and Orthodeoxia more than 10 mmHg was observed in 8 patients(16.7%). Hut there was no patient with significant hypoxemia of PaO2 less than 60 mmHg. PaO2 was significantly decreased in the patients with spider angioma than the patients without spider angioma and showed no correlation with the serologic type and severities of liver function test findings. Any parameters of pulmonary function test did not demonstrate the difference between normoxemic and hypoxemic group. But hypoxemic group showed significantly increased shunt fraction of 11.4+/-4.1% than normoxemic group of 4.1+/-2.0% (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxemia is not infrequently observed complication in liver cirrhosis and intrapulmonary shunting is suggested to play a major role in the development of hypxemia. But there was no great likelihood of clinically significant hypoxemia in our domestic cirrhotic patients predominantly composed of postnecrotic type.
Alcoholics ; Anoxia* ; Ascites ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Dilatation ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Fibrosis ; Hemangioma ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; Liver Function Tests ; Liver* ; Lung Diseases ; Renal Circulation ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Skin ; Spiders ; Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin* ; Whole Body Imaging*

The present study was carried out to investigate the HHsAg in the normal skin, dis- eased skin and skin specimens of window period of HBsAg positive patients in their serum with normal liver function. This study was done by immunoperoxidase techniques using the monoclonal antibody to hepatitis E3 surface antigen and by electron microscopy. Immunoperoxidase staining was dane on twenty specimeris of normal skin Group .D twenty specimens of diseased skin (15 cases of dermographism, 2 cases of purpura, 1 case of follicuht,is and 1 cases of morbilliform eruption) (Ciroup II ) and three specimens of normal skin af window period (Group III ) of HBsAp positive patients in their serum. Twelve cases of Group I, eleven cases of Group IL (1(J cases of dremographism and 1 rase of purpura) and two cases of Group II were stained positively for HBsAg. Positive sites were keratinocyte of epidermis, sweat gland, blood vessel and hair follicle. Electron microscopy failed to reveal viral particle, The above resuts suggest the possibility of transmission of viral hepatitis B thraugh the skin and skin appendages.
Antigens, Surface ; Blood Vessels ; Epidermis ; Hair Follicle ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Keratinocytes ; Liver ; Microscopy, Electron ; Purpura ; Skin* ; Sweat Glands ; Virion

Early MRI and arthroscopic findings were compared to evaluate the efficacy of the former for patients, who upon physical examination, were diagnosed with possihle acute ACL tears. MRI, taken between 1-21 days after injury, had to reveal complete ACL tears and arthroscopic surgery should have taken place 3-12 weeks after the injury for patients of this prospective study. Fifty such cases were initially catagorized according to five MRI patterns. Types I to V were separated by the following ACL tear characteristics: Enlarged and diffusely increased in signal, horizontally oriented, non-visualized, discontinuous and vertically oriented. The cases were then divided into two groups of arthroscopic findings; Group A included cases of complete ACL tearing and group B included those with intact or minimally torn ACLs. Of MRI types I through V, there were 31, 9, 5, 4, and I cases of each respectively. 37 cases resulted in complete ACL tears (21 type I, 6 type II, 5 type III, 4 type IV and 1 type V) and 13 cases were catagorized into group B, 10 of which had pattern type I and 3 of which had pattern type II. As result, types III, IV and V had a 100% Positive Predictive Value (PPV) whereas types I and II together had a 67% PPV vaiue. Division of the cases into the five pattern types in early MRI proved valuble for possible cases of acute ACL tears. MRI pattern types III, IV and V were correlated with definite complete ACL tears. However, caution must be taken for types I and II, the majority of the cases, for which there exists a significant possibility for misdiagnosis and consequently unnecessary arthroscopic surgery.
Arthroscopy ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies

We investigate the serial change of the bone density of the lengthening sites in distraction osteogenesis in long bone lengthening of the lower extremity by measuring the pixel value of the PACS(Picture Archiving Communication System). The purpose of this study was to find the clinical implication of the pixel value in PACS in the distraction osteogenesis. The number of the distraction sites were 22 in tibia and 16 in femur. The average distraction length was 4.5cm ranged between 2.1cm and 7.0cm in femur, 4.1cm ranged hetween 1.9cm and 6.8cm in tibia. When the image were sent to the PACS workstations, they were directly interfaced to the workstation without any processing. The absolute and the relati ve pixel values of cortical bones of the original and the lengthening sites repr sented in workstation of PACS were obtained by average value measuring 3 times by 3 different persons. The average absoiute pixel value of the original cortical bone near distraction site was not significantly changed, maintaining 575+/-6 in femur, and 570+/-7 in tibia. The absolute pixel vaIues in AP and lateral view were not significantly changed until 6 week/cm, but rapidly increased after 7 week/cm hoth in the tibia and the femur. The relative pixel value of the lengthening sites were more than 95% in three of the four cortices at the time of the removal of the external fixators. in conclusion, the pixel value of the PACS can be a rapid, simple and easy method for detection of the change of the bone density in distraction osteogenesis.
Bone Density* ; Bone Lengthening* ; External Fixators ; Femur ; Humans ; Lower Extremity* ; Osteogenesis, Distraction* ; Tibia

BACKGROUND: It is clear that deregulation of coil cycle progression is a hallmark of neoplastic transformation and genes involved in the G1/S transition of the coil cycle are especially frequent targets for mutations in human cancers, including lung cancer. P16 gene product, one of the G1 cell-cycle related proteins, that is recently identified plays an important role in the negative regulation of the kinase activity of the cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) enzymes. Therefore p16 gene is known, to be an important tumor suppressor gene and is also called MTS1 (multiple tumor suppressor 1). No more oncogenes have ken reported to be frequently related to multiple different malignancies than the alterations of p16 gene. Especially when it comes to non-small cell lung cancer, there was no expression of p16 in more than 70% of cell lines examined. Ann also it is speculated that p16 gene could exert a key role in the development of non-small cell lung cancer. This study was designed to evaluate whether p16 gene ould be used as a candidate for gene therapy of non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: After the extraction of total RNA from normal fibroblast cell line and subsequent reverse transcriptase reaction and polymerase chain reaction, the amplified P16 cDNA was sukloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid vector, pRC-CMV. The constructed pRC-CMV-p16 was transfected into the NCI-H441 NSCLC cell line using lipofectin. The changes of U I cell-cycle related proteins were investigated with Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation after extraction of proteins from cell lysates and tumor suppressive effect was observed by clonogenic assay. RESULTS: (1) p16(-) NCI-H441 cell line transfected with pRC-CMV-p16 showed The formation of p16 : cdk 4 complex and decreased phosphorylated Rb protein, while control cell line did not. (2) Clonogenic assay demonstrated that the number of colony formation was markedly decreased in p16(-) NCI-H441 cell line transfected with pRC-CMV-p16 than the control cell line. CONCLUSION: It is confirmed that the expression of p16 protein in p16 absent NSCLC cell line with the gene transfection leads to p16 cdk4 complex formation, subsequent decrease of phosphorylated pRb protein and ultimately tumor suppressive effects. And also it provides the foundation for the application of P16 gone as a important candidate for the gene therapy of NSCLC.
Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line* ; Cyclins ; DNA, Complementary ; Fibroblasts ; Genes, p16 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Lung Neoplasms ; Oncogenes ; Phosphotransferases ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retinoblastoma Protein ; RNA ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Transfection*

Tuberous sclerosis is a rare, autosomal dominant syndrome, in which tumors of the brain, skin, viscera,and eye are found. The classical diagnostic triad included epilepsy, mental retardation, and adenoma sebaceum. Retinal harmatomas are the most common ocular abnormalities in patients with tuberous sclerosis. We experienced one case of tuberous sclerosis that showed adenoma sebaceum of the face, history of epilepsy. The 18 year old male patient also had optic nerve phakoma in his right eye, retinal harmatomas in his left eye, Shagreen patch on the left lumbar area, subependymal nodules along the lateral ventricle and cortical tuber of frontal lobe.
Adolescent ; Brain ; Epilepsy ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Optic Nerve ; Retinaldehyde ; Skin ; Tuberous Sclerosis*