PURPOSE: This was a correlational study to identify effects of perception of clinical ladder system on job satisfaction and intention to leave in perioperative nurses. METHODS: Participants were 154 of perioperative nurses from larger general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected from April, 16 to 22, 2013 using self-report questionnaires which included items on perception of clinical ladder system, job satisfaction, and intention to leave. Data were analyzed using frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe? test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple stepwise regression. RESULTS: The average mean score for perception of clinical ladder system was midline at 2.69 point out of 4 point. Perception of clinical ladder system correlated positively with job satisfaction (r=.38, p<.01) and negatively with intention to leave (r=-.88, p<.01). Perception of clinical ladder system was the factor which most influenced job satisfaction explaining 17.1% of the variance, also perception of clinical ladder system was the factor which most influenced intention to leave, explaining 12.7% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that there is a need to enhance the perception of the clinical ladder system and to find ways to fulfill the expected effects for improving perioperative nurses' job satisfaction and reducing the intention to leave.
Career Mobility* ; Hospitals, General ; Intention* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

The authors regret that there were errors in the article. The errors were in one co-author's affiliation and funding source.

No abstract available.
Dislocations* ; Tendons*

BACKGROUND: Hemolysis is one of the chief side-effects of dapsone. But the frequency and severity of hemolysis have not been fully elucidated in patients with leprosy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of dapsone on hematologic profile in patients with leprosy. METHODS: We did a retrospective analysis of the effect of daily dapsone(100mg/day) in 26 newly-registered cases undergoing multi-drug therapy. Complete blood count(CBC) was performed on their initial visit and at intervals between one and six months. In 10 cases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) levels were determined and in 12 cases iron study was performed. RESULTS: 1. The average hemoglobin was found to fall by 2.9+/-1.4g/dl, from 13.2+/-1.5g/dl, to a nadir of 10.5+/-1.5g/dl(p<0.01). 2. In 13 cases in whom red cell profiles were available, there was a hemoglobin fall from 12.8+/-1.5g/dl to 10.8+/-1.7g/dl(p<0.01) and a hematocrit fall from 37.0+/-4.6% to 32.9+/-4.8%(p<0.05). There was a increase in mean corpuscular volume(MCV) from 90.7+/-2.9fl to 95.2+/-2.8fl(p<0.01). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) changed from 31.3+/-2.3pg/cell to 31.2+/-1.4pg/cell(p<0.05) and from 34.6+/-2.2g/dl to 32.9+/-0.7g/dl(p<0.05), respectively. 3. Ten patients had G-6-PD measured and nine had normal levels. One with a low G-6-PD had a relatively dramatic hemoglobin fall. 4. Serum iron studies in 12 cases revealed reduced serum iron in 6 cases but normal or increased ferritin in all cases and decreased total iron binding capacity(TIBC) in 6 cases. CONCLUSION: After dapsone treatment almost all patients had a fall in their hemoglobin concentration and an increase in MCV. Impaired iron utilization was a common finding and deficiency of G-6-PD may be a factor aggravating the hemolytic effect of dapsone in leprosy patients.
Dapsone* ; Erythrocyte Indices* ; Ferritins ; Glucose-6-Phosphate ; Hematocrit ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Iron ; Leprosy* ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Hemolysis is one of the chief side-effects of dapsone. But the frequency and severity of hemolysis have not been fully elucidated in patients with leprosy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of dapsone on hematologic profile in patients with leprosy. METHODS: We did a retrospective analysis of the effect of daily dapsone(100mg/day) in 26 newly-registered cases undergoing multi-drug therapy. Complete blood count(CBC) was performed on their initial visit and at intervals between one and six months. In 10 cases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) levels were determined and in 12 cases iron study was performed. RESULTS: 1. The average hemoglobin was found to fall by 2.9+/-1.4g/dl, from 13.2+/-1.5g/dl, to a nadir of 10.5+/-1.5g/dl(p<0.01). 2. In 13 cases in whom red cell profiles were available, there was a hemoglobin fall from 12.8+/-1.5g/dl to 10.8+/-1.7g/dl(p<0.01) and a hematocrit fall from 37.0+/-4.6% to 32.9+/-4.8%(p<0.05). There was a increase in mean corpuscular volume(MCV) from 90.7+/-2.9fl to 95.2+/-2.8fl(p<0.01). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) changed from 31.3+/-2.3pg/cell to 31.2+/-1.4pg/cell(p<0.05) and from 34.6+/-2.2g/dl to 32.9+/-0.7g/dl(p<0.05), respectively. 3. Ten patients had G-6-PD measured and nine had normal levels. One with a low G-6-PD had a relatively dramatic hemoglobin fall. 4. Serum iron studies in 12 cases revealed reduced serum iron in 6 cases but normal or increased ferritin in all cases and decreased total iron binding capacity(TIBC) in 6 cases. CONCLUSION: After dapsone treatment almost all patients had a fall in their hemoglobin concentration and an increase in MCV. Impaired iron utilization was a common finding and deficiency of G-6-PD may be a factor aggravating the hemolytic effect of dapsone in leprosy patients.
Dapsone* ; Erythrocyte Indices* ; Ferritins ; Glucose-6-Phosphate ; Hematocrit ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Iron ; Leprosy* ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: The epidermis and adnexal epithelium might express different types of keratin (K) during fetal development. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to observe the distribution of K8/18 in the skin of fetuses and to find out the distinction of expressions of K8/18 during fetal development. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was applied to the skin of the scalp and sole of 42 fetuses ranging from 10 to 39 weeks of gestation. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies with CAM5.2 using LSAB kit against K8/18 was conducted. RESULTS: In the skin of the scalp, K8/18 was expressed in the periderm and basal layer of epidermis from the 10th week to the 31st week of fetal gestation. K8/18 was expressed in the hair germ, bulge and basal cells of fetal the infundibulum and sebaceous glands. Root sheath cells were weakly positive but matrix cells were negative. The expression of K8/18 was negative in the basal layer of the sole. Merkel cells, which are located in the basal layer and upper dermis, were positive from the 12th week of gestation. Terminal eccrine ducts and acinar cells were positive after the 20th week of gestation. CONCLUSION: K8/18 in the skin of the scalp and sole of fetuses were expressed in different ways. The expression of K8/18 in the basal cells of the sole were negative while basal cells of the epidermis of the scalp were positive transiently from the 12th to the 31st week of gestation. Early hair germ cells and bulge cells were expressed strongly in hair follicles. Terminal eccrine ducts and acini were expressed strongly in the eccrine gland. Merkel cells located in the basal layer and papillary dermis also express K8/18.
Acinar Cells ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Dermis ; Eccrine Glands ; Epidermis ; Epithelium ; Fetal Development ; Fetus ; Germ Cells ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Merkel Cells ; Molecular Weight* ; Pregnancy ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin*

No abstract available.
HIV* ; Korea*

Spitz nevi, benign melanocytic tumors, have some histologic resemblance to malignant melanoma. They usually appear as asymptomatic, solitary, reddish to pinkish, hairless, dome-shaped, round to oval, smooth-surfaced papules or nodules, measuring less than 1.0 cm in diameter. Histologically, these lesions display striking nests of large spindle cells and epithelioid cells, usually extending from the epidermis to the reticular dermis. Here in, we report a case of Spitz nevus on the helix of the right ear of a 23-year-old man which was treated with Er:YAG laser.
Dermis ; Ear* ; Epidermis ; Epithelioid Cells ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Nevus ; Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell* ; Strikes, Employee ; Young Adult

Preauricular fistula is a congenital malformation that is presented as a small opening on the preauricular region. During embryonic development, six tubercles from the first and second branchial arches form the auricle, and the incomplete fusion of these tubercles results in congenital preauricular fistula. We report two cases of congenital preauricular fistula manifested as soft nodules with external openings on the preauricular area. It is apt to give rise to recurrent inflammation, so total fistulectomy with a curved incision along the crus of the ear helix was performed. Histopathologically, the fistulas were lined with stratified squamous epithelium, and skin adnexa and elastic cartilage were also present.

Ultrasound is over 20 khz, which represents the upper frequency limit of human hearing. Acoustic vibrations are generated when piezoelectric materials on the thin disc-shaped transducers expand and contract. Although low frequency ultrasound devices have been used widely in the dermatologic area for a long time, the mechanism and side effects have been overlooked. A low-frequency ultrasound device has many benefits on the cosmetic dermatology area by thermal effect, vibration effect, and increase of transdermal delivery of lipophilic drugs or cosmetics. However, there have been reports of dermatitis, dyspnea, dizziness, and burns after treatment with ultrasound. Therefore, the use of this device should be under a doctor's supervision.
Acoustics ; Burns ; Contracts ; Cosmetics ; Dermatitis ; Dermatology ; Dizziness ; Dyspnea ; Hearing ; Humans ; Organization and Administration ; Transducers ; Ultrasonics ; Vibration