PURPOSE: This was a correlational study to identify effects of perception of clinical ladder system on job satisfaction and intention to leave in perioperative nurses. METHODS: Participants were 154 of perioperative nurses from larger general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected from April, 16 to 22, 2013 using self-report questionnaires which included items on perception of clinical ladder system, job satisfaction, and intention to leave. Data were analyzed using frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe? test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple stepwise regression. RESULTS: The average mean score for perception of clinical ladder system was midline at 2.69 point out of 4 point. Perception of clinical ladder system correlated positively with job satisfaction (r=.38, p<.01) and negatively with intention to leave (r=-.88, p<.01). Perception of clinical ladder system was the factor which most influenced job satisfaction explaining 17.1% of the variance, also perception of clinical ladder system was the factor which most influenced intention to leave, explaining 12.7% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that there is a need to enhance the perception of the clinical ladder system and to find ways to fulfill the expected effects for improving perioperative nurses' job satisfaction and reducing the intention to leave.
Career Mobility* ; Hospitals, General ; Intention* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

The authors regret that there were errors in the article. The errors were in one co-author's affiliation and funding source.

No abstract available.
Dislocations* ; Tendons*

BACKGROUND: The epidermis and adnexal epithelium might express different types of keratin (K) during fetal development. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to observe the distribution of K8/18 in the skin of fetuses and to find out the distinction of expressions of K8/18 during fetal development. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was applied to the skin of the scalp and sole of 42 fetuses ranging from 10 to 39 weeks of gestation. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies with CAM5.2 using LSAB kit against K8/18 was conducted. RESULTS: In the skin of the scalp, K8/18 was expressed in the periderm and basal layer of epidermis from the 10th week to the 31st week of fetal gestation. K8/18 was expressed in the hair germ, bulge and basal cells of fetal the infundibulum and sebaceous glands. Root sheath cells were weakly positive but matrix cells were negative. The expression of K8/18 was negative in the basal layer of the sole. Merkel cells, which are located in the basal layer and upper dermis, were positive from the 12th week of gestation. Terminal eccrine ducts and acinar cells were positive after the 20th week of gestation. CONCLUSION: K8/18 in the skin of the scalp and sole of fetuses were expressed in different ways. The expression of K8/18 in the basal cells of the sole were negative while basal cells of the epidermis of the scalp were positive transiently from the 12th to the 31st week of gestation. Early hair germ cells and bulge cells were expressed strongly in hair follicles. Terminal eccrine ducts and acini were expressed strongly in the eccrine gland. Merkel cells located in the basal layer and papillary dermis also express K8/18.
Acinar Cells ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Dermis ; Eccrine Glands ; Epidermis ; Epithelium ; Fetal Development ; Fetus ; Germ Cells ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Merkel Cells ; Molecular Weight* ; Pregnancy ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin*

BACKGROUND: Hemolysis is one of the chief side-effects of dapsone. But the frequency and severity of hemolysis have not been fully elucidated in patients with leprosy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of dapsone on hematologic profile in patients with leprosy. METHODS: We did a retrospective analysis of the effect of daily dapsone(100mg/day) in 26 newly-registered cases undergoing multi-drug therapy. Complete blood count(CBC) was performed on their initial visit and at intervals between one and six months. In 10 cases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) levels were determined and in 12 cases iron study was performed. RESULTS: 1. The average hemoglobin was found to fall by 2.9+/-1.4g/dl, from 13.2+/-1.5g/dl, to a nadir of 10.5+/-1.5g/dl(p<0.01). 2. In 13 cases in whom red cell profiles were available, there was a hemoglobin fall from 12.8+/-1.5g/dl to 10.8+/-1.7g/dl(p<0.01) and a hematocrit fall from 37.0+/-4.6% to 32.9+/-4.8%(p<0.05). There was a increase in mean corpuscular volume(MCV) from 90.7+/-2.9fl to 95.2+/-2.8fl(p<0.01). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) changed from 31.3+/-2.3pg/cell to 31.2+/-1.4pg/cell(p<0.05) and from 34.6+/-2.2g/dl to 32.9+/-0.7g/dl(p<0.05), respectively. 3. Ten patients had G-6-PD measured and nine had normal levels. One with a low G-6-PD had a relatively dramatic hemoglobin fall. 4. Serum iron studies in 12 cases revealed reduced serum iron in 6 cases but normal or increased ferritin in all cases and decreased total iron binding capacity(TIBC) in 6 cases. CONCLUSION: After dapsone treatment almost all patients had a fall in their hemoglobin concentration and an increase in MCV. Impaired iron utilization was a common finding and deficiency of G-6-PD may be a factor aggravating the hemolytic effect of dapsone in leprosy patients.
Dapsone* ; Erythrocyte Indices* ; Ferritins ; Glucose-6-Phosphate ; Hematocrit ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Iron ; Leprosy* ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Hemolysis is one of the chief side-effects of dapsone. But the frequency and severity of hemolysis have not been fully elucidated in patients with leprosy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of dapsone on hematologic profile in patients with leprosy. METHODS: We did a retrospective analysis of the effect of daily dapsone(100mg/day) in 26 newly-registered cases undergoing multi-drug therapy. Complete blood count(CBC) was performed on their initial visit and at intervals between one and six months. In 10 cases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) levels were determined and in 12 cases iron study was performed. RESULTS: 1. The average hemoglobin was found to fall by 2.9+/-1.4g/dl, from 13.2+/-1.5g/dl, to a nadir of 10.5+/-1.5g/dl(p<0.01). 2. In 13 cases in whom red cell profiles were available, there was a hemoglobin fall from 12.8+/-1.5g/dl to 10.8+/-1.7g/dl(p<0.01) and a hematocrit fall from 37.0+/-4.6% to 32.9+/-4.8%(p<0.05). There was a increase in mean corpuscular volume(MCV) from 90.7+/-2.9fl to 95.2+/-2.8fl(p<0.01). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) changed from 31.3+/-2.3pg/cell to 31.2+/-1.4pg/cell(p<0.05) and from 34.6+/-2.2g/dl to 32.9+/-0.7g/dl(p<0.05), respectively. 3. Ten patients had G-6-PD measured and nine had normal levels. One with a low G-6-PD had a relatively dramatic hemoglobin fall. 4. Serum iron studies in 12 cases revealed reduced serum iron in 6 cases but normal or increased ferritin in all cases and decreased total iron binding capacity(TIBC) in 6 cases. CONCLUSION: After dapsone treatment almost all patients had a fall in their hemoglobin concentration and an increase in MCV. Impaired iron utilization was a common finding and deficiency of G-6-PD may be a factor aggravating the hemolytic effect of dapsone in leprosy patients.
Dapsone* ; Erythrocyte Indices* ; Ferritins ; Glucose-6-Phosphate ; Hematocrit ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Iron ; Leprosy* ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
HIV* ; Korea*

BACKGROUND: Defects in apoptotic signaling pathways play important role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and resistance to treatment. Several proteins which may promote tumorigenesis by inhibiting apoptosis were identified. The survivin protein is the member of inhibitor of apoptosis protein(IAPs) family which inhibits apoptosis. Unlike other IAPs, it is expressed in during the fetal period but not in adult differentiated tissues. Many reports have stated that survivin is selectively expressed in many cancer cell lines and cancer tissues. We performed immunohistochemical analysis for survivin expression in non-small cell lung cancer to get evaluate its clinical implication. METHODS: Twenty nine surgically resected lung cancers were examined. Immunohistochemical staining were performed by immuno-peroxidase technique using avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue 4 µm section. Anti-survivin polyclonal antibody was used for primary antibody and anti-p53 monoclonal antibody was also used to analyze the correlation between survivin and p53 expression. The survivin expression scores were determined by as the sum of the stained area and intensity. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis showed cancer specific expression of survivin in 20 of 29 cases (69.0%). Western blot analysis also showed the selective survivin expression in turmor tissue. There was no correlation between survivin expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. We analyzed the correlated between survivin expression and p53 expression, but found none. CONCLUSION: We confirmed the tumor specific expression of survivin in non-small cell lung cancer But this pression was not correlated with clinical parameters as well as histlogy, tumor stage recurrence, and sur rate. Also it ws not statistically correlated with the expression of p53.
Adult ; Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Cell Line ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins* ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

Tubular apocrine adenoma is a well-circumscribed, intradermal benign tumor, with tubular structures showing apocrine differentiation. Histologically, the characteristic features are various-sized dilated tubules with intraluminary papillary projection and apocrine decapitation secretion. It usually presents as a solitary lesion and is sometimes associated with nevus sebaceous and/or syringocystadenoma papilliferum. We have in report a case of tubular apocrine adenoma with epidermal cysts which developed in the right inguinal area of a 37-year-old man.
Adenoma* ; Adult ; Decapitation ; Epidermal Cyst ; Humans ; Nevus

Pilomatricoma is a benign adnexal tumor, differentiating towards elements of the hair matrix and shaft. The tumor typically presents as a solitary, deep-seated, firm nodule with overlying normal epidermis. Herein, we report three cases of pilomatricomas with the dermal bullae overlying tumors. Histopathological examination of the lesions showed marked lymphatic dilatations, edema, and attenuated collagen and elastic fibers above the pilomatricomas in the upper dermis. We diagnosed them as lymphangiectatic pilomatricomas.
Collagen ; Dermis ; Dilatation ; Edema ; Elastic Tissue ; Epidermis ; Hair ; Pilomatrixoma*