The purpose of the descriptive correlation study was to examine relations among the hope, the burden and the family function in mothers caring for children with cancer. 145 mothers completed the three questionaires of the study divided into tree sections: a) The Hope Scale, b) The Burden Scale, c) FACES-lll. The collected data was analysed with t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows: 1) The average age of mothers of children with cancer was 35.6 years old and the ages between 30 to 39 were the most abundant. 57.3% of the mothers had an education level of below high school education and 66.0% had religion. The average age of the children was 8.6 years old. Ages between 1 to 7 were the most and 60.8% were diagnosed as leukemia. 2) Regarding the section of degree of burden, mothers of children with cancer marked 2.6 out of 5, and the degree of hope 3.2 out of 4. The result for family function came out to be 3.5 out of 5, an average of family cohesion of 3.9 and family adaptation of 3.1. 3) There were significantly less burden to the mothers who were living together with a spouse compared to the mothers who were not. Also mothers who replied that they preserved good health came out to be exposed to less burden compared to the mothers who did not. In analysing hope according to the general characteristics of mothers of children with cancer, mothers who were employed marked high in the degree of hope compared to unemployed mothers. Furthermore, the degree of family cohesion marked higher with mothers who had higher education of college graduate, mothers with religion and mothers with a monthly family income of over W3,000,000, compared to the group of mothers with lower education of high school graduate, non-religious or with a monthly family income of less than W1,000,000. 4) Excluding the fact that the group sorted with children diagnosed as leukemia marked a perceivably high score regarding family cohesion, compared to groups with other cancers, the degree of burden, hope and family cohesion did not show any noticeable difference according to characteristics of children with different cancers. 5) In the correlation of the hope, the burden and the family function regarding the mothers of children with cancer, the burden did not have any manifest relationship with hope or family function. However, the degree of hope and family function cohesion had a direct proportional relationship, as family cohesion marked higher when the degree of hope were high.
Child* ; Education ; Hope* ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Mothers* ; Spouses ; Statistics as Topic ; Child Health

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in the mandibular condyle during mandible advancement by functional appliance and to correlate it with the histologic changes and bone remodeling. METHODS: Twenty-four female, 35-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups. In all experimental groups, the mandibles of the rats were kept in a continuous forward position with a fixed bite jumping appliance. The rats were sacrificed on the 3rd, 14th, and 30th days of experiment. More than 2 rats in each group were used for staining. RESULTS: There were no remarkable histologic changes and NOS expression differences in the control group. The most prominent histologic changes occurred in the 14th day experimental group. NOS decreased in the 30th day experimental group. There was increased expression of NOS2 and NOS3 in all experimental groups, comparative to the control group. In all the experimental groups and control group, the expression of NOS2 was greater than that of NOS3. CONCLUSIONS: It is postulated that NOS2 and NOS3 in the mandibular condyle might play an important role in bone remodelling of the mandibular condyle.
Animals ; Bites and Stings ; Bone Remodeling ; Female ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Condyle ; Nitric Oxide ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

CT and MR appearance of the brain in three children with ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency are described. They showed clinical signs of vomiting and convulsion and were diagnosed by measurement of plasma ammonium, amino acids, acid-base balance, and urinary orotic acid levels. CT and MR were performed within one month from the onset of the symptom. CT and MRI demonstrated brain swelling with small ventricles and diffuse low density of white matter, which indicated cerebral hypoperfusion secondary to elevated intracranial pressure. With more prolonged survival hyperammonemia may cause cerebral atrophy. CT and MR appearance in these cases resembled a hypoxic brain damage and this finding should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Amino Acids ; Ammonium Compounds ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hyperammonemia* ; Hypoxia, Brain ; Intracranial Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease* ; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase* ; Ornithine* ; Orotic Acid ; Plasma ; Seizures ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Using n-aliphatic alcohols whose physical properties change gradually as their length increases, we investigated the changes of olfactory threshold and trigeminal pungency threshold with the increase of carbon chain length. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Olfactory and trigeminal pungency thresholds were measured in ethanol (C2), 1-butanol (C4), 1-hexanol (C6) and 1-octanol (C8) in 40 normal adults using a two-alternative forced-choice modified by the ascending method of limit (CCCRC) test. Plastic bottles with 30 ml of four n-aliphatic alcohols were diluted threefold successively by mineral oil. Plastic bottles containing only mineral oil were used as controls. RESULTS: The olfactory and trigeminal pungency thresholds decreased and the ratio of olfactory threshold/trigeminal pungency threshold increased with the length of carbon chain in n-aliphatic alcohols. The correlation coefficients among olfactory thresholds in each alcohol were higher than those among trigeminal pungency thresholds. CONCLUSION: Alcohol with long carbon chains showed low olfactory and trigeminal pungency thresholds, indicating that high lipid solubility is an important factor in olfaction and trigeminal chemosensitivity.
1-Butanol ; 1-Octanol ; Adult* ; Alcohols* ; Carbon* ; Ethanol ; Humans ; Mineral Oil ; Plastics ; Smell ; Solubility

PURPOSE: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a relatively accurate diagnostic method for determining the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis (ALND). SLNB reduces the need for axillary lymph node dissection, thereby decreasing the postoperative axillary morbidity. The present study compared the postoperative axillary morbidity rates during early postoperative days for patients undergoing either SLNB or conventional ALND. METHODS: We conducted a prospective case-control study of breast cancer patients. The degree of axillary morbidity was compared between 28 SLNB patients (Group I) and 38 ALND patients (Group II). RESULTS: The SLNB group showed decreased arm swelling and restriction of their shoulder motion in comparison with the conventional axillary dissection group (p<0.05). SLNB and additional lymph node sampling did not result in any additional morbidity. CONCLUSION: SLNB or lymph node sampling was associated with less axillary morbidity like arm edema, limitation of motion than was conventional ALND. The rate of postoperative axillary morbidity did not differ following lymph node sampling and SLNB. SLNB may be an effective method for diagnosing of axillary lymph node metastasis with decreasing the postoperative axillary morbidity
Arm ; Breast Neoplasms ; Case-Control Studies ; Edema ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prospective Studies ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy* ; Shoulder

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma developed in tracheobronchjal tree is one of rare lung tumor. It is histologically divided into low grade malignancy of relatively benign course versus high grade malignancy of fatal course. In low grade malignancy, it can be curative with a surgical resection. We experienced a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a 28-year-old woman who complained sudden dyspnea and presented right total lung collapse on chest roentgenogram. It was diagnesed as a low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and removed by the surgical excision.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid* ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Thorax

Dilated cardiomyopaty is a rare occurrence in Hecker muscular dystropy. We report a case of Becken muscular dystrophy in 28 old man who presented with dyspnea, progressive muscle weakness, and dilated cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricular dysfunction which was detected by echocardiograpy. Muscle biopsy demonstrated diffuse degenerated changes consistent with progressive muscular dystropy, His brother has also Becker muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy, The patient is on NYHA Class II~III with medical therapy.
Biopsy ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated* ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscular Dystrophies ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne* ; Siblings ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left