The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of splinting methods on the rearrangement of periodontal fibers after experimental tooth movement. Orthodontic force was applied by placing closed coil spring between upper third incisor and canine in seven dogs, weighing 20kg or more. After 3 weeks of force application, 0.025 inch multistrand wire and polyethylene ribbon were bomded to each side, as a flexible and rigid splinting respectively in 6 experimental animals. The remaining one served as a control. Each two animals were sacificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after splinting respevticvely and prepared histologically for hematoxylin-eosin and Masson';s trichrome staining. The results of this study were odtained follows: 1. After tooth mocement, periodontal space was narrowed and periodontal fibers were thick on pressure side while elongated fibers were observed on tension side. 2. After 4 weeks of retention, the rearrangement of periodontal fibers was observed in the flexible splinting group, but not in the rigrd splinting group. 3. After 8 weeks of retention, the rearrangement of periodontal fivers was obwerved in both groups, but the difference could not be detected between two groups. 4. During the retention period, the rearrangement of periodintal fibers was faster in tension side than in pressure side. There results show that the rearrangement of periodontal fibers is also obtained by rigid splinting after tooth movement. It is suggested that the rigid splinting by polyethylene ribbon can be used as way of postorthodontic retention.
Adult* ; Animals ; Dogs* ; Humans ; Incisor ; Polyethylene ; Splints* ; Tooth Movement* ; Tooth*

Tongue posture at rest position of Class III malocclusion is very important in malocclusion and phonation. Because Class III malocclusion shows low tongue position, speech defect is commonly occured. This study was attempted to evaluate the correlationship between the tongue posture at rest position and during /s/ phonation and facial skeleton in centric occlusion. Thirty subjects with Class III malocclusion who had no orofacial defects such as cleft palate, medical history of neurologic pathology, hearing defect and any previous speech therapy were selected. Ninety sheets of lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at rest position, during /s/ phonation and centric occlusion were traced, measured and statistically analysed. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In Class III malocclusion, the posture of tongue was positively correlated with the position of hyoid body. The hyoid body was positioned anteriorly and inferiorly as the vertical facial skeleton was increased in centric occlusion. 2. In Class III malocclusion, the vertical position of tongue tip at rest position was not correlated with facial skeleton in centric occlusion, but the horizontal position had low correlation with mandibular body length, APDI, and 1 to SN. 3. In Class III malocclusion, there was the tendency that the dorsal position of the tongue was lowered as the vertical facial skeleton was increased. 4. In Class III malocclusion, the vertical and horizontal position of tongue tip during /s/ phonation was not correlated with facial skeleton in centric occlusion.
Cephalometry ; Cleft Palate ; Hearing ; Malocclusion* ; Pathology ; Phonation* ; Posture* ; Skeleton ; Speech Therapy ; Supine Position ; Tongue*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between the treatment duration and cephalometric measurements and the PAR index in Class I malocclusion patients. In 100 Class I malocclusion patients, PAR score and cephalometric measurements were taken from study model and cephalometric radiographs and cephalmetric radiographs and analyzed statistically. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. Treatment duration was correlated with extraction and pre PAR index. 2.ANB, FMA,FMIA and IMPA exhibited positive correlation between pre PAR index and pretreatment cephalometric measurements. 3. 1 to FP exhibited positive correlation between post PAR index and posttreatment cephalometric measurements, and 1 to FP exhibited negative correlation. 4. 1 to SN, II A and 1 to FP exhibited positive correlation between % PAR reduction and the change of cephalometric measurements FMA, FMIA, WITS and UL, exhibited negative correlation. The results of this study indicate that PAR index taken from study model relate with items concerned with upper and lower incisors, and there are the tendency that pretreatment PAR index are larger in the patients with large ANB value and hyperdivergent face.
Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion* ; Ritodrine

Among the radiographs for temporomandibular joint, transcranial radiograph is widely used for screening and diagnosing temporomandibular disorder because it has sharp image and it is easy to take. This study was performed to compare condylar position and image sharpness in standard and individually corrected transcranial radiographs using Accurad-200 headholder. Submentovertex view, Reverse-Towne view, Standard and individually corrected transcranial radiographs of 45 university students who were randomly selected were traced, measured and analyzed. The results were as follows: 1. The means of condylar axes and lateral slopes were 16.8degrees and 22.5degrees respectively. There were no differences between male and female or right and left side. 2. Individually corrected radiographs showed smaller posterior joint space and larger anterior joint space than standard radiographs, but superior joint space did not show a statistical difference between standard and individually corrected radiographs. 3. While a large number(42.2%) of the standard radiographs showed concentric condylar position, lots of(57.8) condylar positions were retropositioned in the individually corrected radiographs. 4. The image sharpness was inferior in the individually corrected radiographs to that of the standard radiographs.
Female ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Radiography* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; Temporomandibular Joint*

BACKGROUND: We developed a patient-centered, smartphone-based, diabetes care system (PSDCS). This study aims to test the feasibility of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction with the PSDCS. METHODS: This study was a single-arm pilot study. The participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were instructed to use the PSDCS, which integrates a Bluetooth-connected glucometer, digital food diary, and wearable physical activity monitoring device. The primary end point was the change in HbA1c from baseline after a 12-week intervention. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients aged 53.9±9.1 years completed the study. HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels decreased significantly from baseline (7.7%±0.7% to 7.1%±0.6%, P<0.0001; 140.9±39.1 to 120.1±31.0 mg/dL, P=0.0088, respectively). The frequency of glucose monitoring correlated with the magnitude of HbA1c reduction (r=-0.57, P=0.0013). The components of the diabetes self-care activities, including diet, exercise, and glucose monitoring, were significantly improved, particularly in the upper tertile of HbA1c reduction. There were no severe adverse events during the intervention. CONCLUSION: A 12-week application of the PSDCS to patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes resulted in a significant HbA1c reduction with tolerable safety profiles; these findings require confirmation in a future randomized controlled trial.
Blood Glucose ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diet ; Diet Records ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Pilot Projects* ; Self Care ; Smartphone

Mutation in HNF1B, the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta (HNF-1beta) gene, results in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) 5, which is characterized by gradual impairment of insulin secretion. However, the functional role of HNF-1beta in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism is not fully understood. We identified a family with early-onset diabetes that fulfilled the criteria of MODY. Sanger sequencing revealed that a heterozygous P159L (CCT to CTT in codon 159 in the DNA-binding domain) mutation in HNF1B was segregated according to the affected status. To investigate the functional consequences of this HNF1B mutation, we generated a P159L HNF1B construct. The wild-type and mutant HNF1B constructs were transfected into COS-7 cells in the presence of the promoter sequence of human glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2). The luciferase reporter assay revealed that P159L HNF1B had decreased transcriptional activity compared to wild-type (p < 0.05). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed reduced DNA binding activity of P159L HNF1B. In the MIN6 pancreatic beta-cell line, overexpression of the P159L mutant was significantly associated with decreased mRNA levels of GLUT2 compared to wild-type (p < 0.05). However, INS expression was not different between the wild-type and mutant HNF1B constructs. These findings suggests that the impaired insulin secretion in this family with the P159L HNF1B mutation may be related to altered GLUT2 expression in beta-cells rather than decreased insulin gene expression. In conclusion, we have identified a Korean family with an HNF1B mutation and characterized its effect on the pathogenesis of diabetes.
Animals ; Codon ; COS Cells ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; DNA ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Gene Expression ; Glucose ; Glucose Transporter Type 2 ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta ; Humans ; Insulin ; Luciferases ; Metabolism ; Point Mutation ; RNA, Messenger

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome is mostly associated with neuroendocrine tumors and small cell carcinoma of the lung. This syndrome of prostate cancer is rare and has been reported in only a few cases. We report a patient with ectopic ACTH production associated with metastatic prostate cancer. A 70-year-old patient with metastatic prostate cancer was admitted to our hospital with septic shock. He had a history of hormonal therapy and transurethral prostatectomy. Adrenocortical function was checked due to consistent fever and poor general condition, which revealed markedly increased levels of basal plasma ACTH and serum cortisol. The patient did not present typical signs of the Cushing's syndrome, however, hypokalemia and a history of hypertension were found. He died in days as a result of multi-organ failure. On pathology, the prostatectomy specimen showed a tumor composed of mixed populations of adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma. The tumor cells in the small cell component were positive for chromogranin and ACTH. Although neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer is rare, etopic ACTH production should be considered in patients with prostate cancer as well as in clinical features of ACTH hypersecretion.
ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic ; Adenocarcinoma ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Cellular Structures ; Cushing Syndrome ; Fever ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hypertension ; Hypokalemia ; Lung ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Plasma ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Shock, Septic ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate