No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female

No abstract available.
Catheterization* ; Catheters* ; Fallopian Tube Diseases* ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female

Objective: : Given the high risk of rebleeding and recurrence of blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs), we treated ruptured BBAs of the internal carotid artery (ICA) with stent-assisted coil embolization (SAC). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SACs. Methods: : We retrospectively reviewed clinical and radiological data from eight patients with ruptured BBAs of the supraclinoid ICA. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess clinical outcomes, while radiological outcomes were evaluated on angiographs. For a pooled analysis, data from literature reporting the outcomes of ruptured BBAs treated with SAC were collected and analyzed in conjunction with our data. Results: : In our cohort, the mean Raymond classification score was 1.57±0.53 immediately after initial endovascular treatment. There were no perioperative complications or rebleeding events during the follow-up period. The mean mRS score at patient discharge was 1.00±0.81 and improved to 0.28±0.48 by the last follow-up day. The recurrence rate was 25% with an asymptomatic presentation and successful treatment with multiple stent insertion. Pooled analysis of 76 cases of SAC revealed a complete occlusion rate immediately after treatment of 54.8%, rebleeding rate 7.94%, and recurrence rate 24.2%. Good clinical outcomes with mRS score 0–2 were observed in 89.9% by the last clinical follow-up. Total mortality rate was 7.7%. Conclusion : This treatment appears to not only minimize the hemodynamic burden on the fragile dome specific to this type of aneurysm, but also provides an opportunity for safe and effective treatment in recurrent cases.

Primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis (PLCNA) is the rarest form of cutaneous amyloidosis, characterized by nodular deposits of light chain amyloids in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, without apparent systemic involvement. One or several nodules are preferably located on the extremities, trunk, or face. The most useful stain for detecting amyloid fibrils is Congo red, which, when combined with polarized light, makes amyloid proteins appear apple-green under a microscope. Immunohistochemical staining can help identify the exact type of amyloid proteins. Although the exact etiology of PLCNA is unclear, removal of nodules by shaving or surgical excision has shown good results. To the best of our knowledge, only seven cases of PLCNA have yet been reported in the Korean literature. In three of these cases, the patients had lesions on the scalp. Herein, we present a case of a 34-year-old male with PLCNA on the scalp with all the results of immunohistochemical evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the difference in telomerase activity (TA) expression in the placenta between fetal growth restriction (FGR) with preeclampsia and those without and to evaluate the effect of oxygen concentration on the TA expression in the trophoblastic cells. METHODS: Telomerase activity was measured in 48 (normal pregnancies, 16; preeclampsia with FGR, 15; normotensive FGR, 17) placentas which were obtained between 32 and 41 weeks' gestations. Trophoblastic cells were extracted from 8 chorionic villi samples obtained from 8-10 weeks' placenta and were cultured in either 2%, 8%, and 20% oxygen atmosphere. Then TA was examined by using telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. RESULTS: During 3rd trimester of pregnancy, exhibited TA expression in normal pregnancy, FGR complicated by preeclampsia, and normotensive FGR groups were 11 of 16 (68.8%), 4 of 15 (26.7%), and 4 of 17 (23.5%), respectively. Significantly lower level of TA was detected in the FGR group compared to the normal pregnancies (p=0.009), whereas within FGR pregnancies, presence of preeclampsia did not seem to have statistically significant effect on TA expression. TA expression levels were measured by optical density in trophoblasts cultured under various oxygen concentration which revealed that significantly higher TA was exhibited in the cells cultured in 2% oxygen compared to 8% and 20% (p<0.001). However no significant difference was noted in TA between cells cultured in 8% and 20% oxygen. CONCLUSION: Decreased TA in the placenta from pregnancies with FGR was noted regardless of presence of preeclampsia indicating a probable correlation between FGR and placental senescence. Since increased TA was noted in trophoblastic cells that were cultured in hypoxic condition, we could speculate that the intervillous oxygen tension during early-stage placental development plays a certain role in the placental degeneration in pregnancies complicated by FGR and preeclampsia.
Aging ; Anoxia* ; Atmosphere ; Chorionic Villi ; Fetal Development* ; Oxygen ; Placenta ; Placentation ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy* ; Telomerase* ; Trophoblasts

BACKGROUND: Although all postmenopausal women are estrogen deficient, women who have postmenopausal osteoporosis may have some defects, in addition to estrogen deficiency, that explain for their higher rates of bone resorption and greater bone loss, relative to those who do not. To test the hypothesis that one of the defects is an impairment in renal calcium conservation, we have investigated relationship between urinary calcium excretion and bone mineral metabolism of postmenopausal women in Korea. METHODS: We have measured 24-hour urinary calcium level; serum osteocalcin level, serum alkaline phosphatase level; urine deoxypyridinoline level; and bone mineral density in 224 early postmenopausal, 158 late postmenopausal and 145 premenopausal women. RESULTS: 33.0 percent (74/224) of early postmenopausal women in Korea had urinary calcium excretion exceeding 4 mg/kg per day. The early postmenopausal women had higher (p < 0.05) values for mean urinary calcium to creatinine ratio of 0.241+/-0.008 mg/mg of creatinine vs. 0.209+/-0.010 mg/mg of creatinine and higher (p < 0.001) mean serum calcium level of 9.15+/-0.02 mg/dL vs. 8.92+/-0.03 mg/dL than the premenopausal women. Hypercalciuric group of early postmenopausal women had higher (p < 0.05) values for mean urine deoxypyridinoline level (8.6+/-0.4 nMol/mMol Vs. 7.7+/-0.2 nMol/mMol), higher (p < 0.05) mean serum alkaline phosphatase level (73.4+/-2.3 U/L Vs. 67.7+/-1.4 U/L) and lower (p < 0.05) mean bone mineral density of femur neck (0.785+/-0.012 g/cm2 Vs. 0.815+/-0.008 g/cm2) than the normocalciuric group. CONCLUSION: The early postmenopausal women had larger numbers of hypercalciuric women and higher values for urinary calcium excretion than the premenopausal women. Hypercalciuric group of early postmenopausal women had higher values for biochemical markers of bone turnover and lower bone mineral density of femur neck than the normocalciuric group. We suggest that hypercalciuria could be accounted for the partial cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis, but further studies are needed to elucidate the direct effect about that.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Biomarkers ; Bone Density ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium* ; Creatinine ; Estrogens ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; Korea* ; Menopause ; Metabolism* ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We tried to investigate the effectiveness of various methods of reinnervation including nerve-muscle pedicle transfer, nerve anastomosis, nerve implantation. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Control group and experimental groups each consisted 5 rats, as follows: a denervated tibial nerve without reinnervation (control), a common peroneal nerve and 2X2 mm tibialis anterior muscle pedicle grafted to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle after the removal of epimysium (group I), a common peroneal nerve and 4X4 mm tibialis anterior muscle pedicle grafted to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle after the removal of epimysium (group II), a common peroneal nerve and 2X2 mm tibialis anterior muscle pedicle grafted to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle after removal of epimysium and part of muscle (group III), a common peroneal nerve and 4X4 mm tibialis anterior muscle pedicle grafted to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle after removal of epimysium and part of muscle (group IV), a common peroneal nerve and 2X2 mm tibialis anterior muscle pedicle inserted to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle (group V), a common peroneal nerve inserted to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle (group VI), and anastomesed common peroneal nerve to distal tibialis nerve (group VII). Electromyography, muscle contraction power study, histotological analysis and counting of motor end-plate were applied for estimating the reinnervation of denervated muscle. RESULTS: In motor nerve conduction studies, Group VII and III showed significantly higher amplitude of the compound muscle action potentials than other groups. In muscle contraction power studies, Group VII and III showed significantly powerful contraction. In histological analysis, group VII and III showed less muscle atrophy. The motor end-plate count was more in the groups VII, III, I, V, VI, II and IV in order. CONCLUSION: Nerve anastomosis and 2X2 mm nerve-muscle pedicle transfer showed more successful regeneration of denervated muscle than other reinnervation methods including nerve implantation.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Electromyography ; Motor Endplate ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Muscular Atrophy ; Nerve Transfer ; Neural Conduction ; Peroneal Nerve ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Tibial Nerve ; Transplants

There has been a mistake, claimed and confirmed by all the authors of Vol 50(1), 2012, p. 1-9 issue, that first author should have been Il-Han Kim instead of Kwan-Tae Noh.

OBJECTIVES: Potential environmental risks caused by chemicals that could be released from a recycled plastic product were assessed using a screening risk assessment procedure for chemicals in recycled products. METHODS: Plastic slope protection blocks manufactured from recycled plastics were chosen as model recycled products. Ecological risks caused by four model chemicals -di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)- were assessed. Two exposure models were built for soil below the block and a hypothetic stream receiving runoff water. Based on the predicted no-effect concentrations for the selected chemicals and exposure scenarios, the allowable leaching rates from and the allowable contents in the recycled plastic blocks were also derived. RESULTS: Environmental risks posed by slope protection blocks were much higher in the soil compartment than in the hypothetic stream. The allowable concentrations in leachate were 1.0x10(-4), 1.2x10(-5), 9.5x10(-3), and 5.3x10(-3) mg/L for DEHP, DINP, Cd, and Pb, respectively. The allowable contents in the recycled products were 5.2x10(-3), 6.0x10(-4), 5.0x10(-1), and 2.7x10(-1) mg/kg for DEHP, DINP, Cd, and Pb, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A systematic ecological risk assessment approach for slope protection blocks would be useful for regulatory decisions for setting the allowable emission rates of chemical contaminants, although the method needs refinement.
Cadmium ; Diethylhexyl Phthalate ; Mass Screening ; Plastics* ; Risk Assessment* ; Rivers ; Soil ; Water

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell-specific mitogen and a potent mediator of vascular permeability. Flk-1, one of the receptors for VEGF, is important in vascular development. Increased expression of VEGF is related with reactive astrogliosis, which stimulates the proliferation of neural progenitor cells. VEGF expression increases in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia, however the expression of VEGF together with flk-1 in subacute stage is still unknown. This study is done to demonstrate the spatial/cellular patterns of expression for VEGF/flk-1 up to subacute stages and to find out the role of VEGF in ischemia. METHODS: Transient global ischemia was induced by a 10 min-occlusion/reperfusion of the bilateral carotid arteries in the Mongolian gerbil. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed to ensure the expression of VEGF and flk-1 on the day 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. RESULTS: Both VEGF and flk-1 initially increased at day1, and decreased at day 3. Thereafter, VEGF gradually increased again to the initial level at day 7 and to the peak level after day 14. Flk-1 showed a peak expression at day 14, and then decreased at day 28. Immunohistochemical staining for VEGF showed immunoreactivity mainly on the cytoplasm of neurons and endothelium in cortex and hippocampus at day 1, and neuron, endothelium, and glial cell from day 14 to 28. The distribution and chronological patterns of flk-1 expression were similar to that of VEGF expression. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that global cerebral ischemia can induce a delayed up-regulation of VEGF and flk-1, which may be associated with neuroangiogenesis and repair process.
Blotting, Western ; Brain Ischemia* ; Capillary Permeability ; Carotid Arteries ; Cytoplasm ; Endothelium ; Gerbillinae* ; Hippocampus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ischemia ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Stem Cells ; Up-Regulation* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2