After dual plating with a locking compression plate for comminuted intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus, the incidence of ulnar nerve injury after surgery has been reported to be up to 38%. This can be reduced by an anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve but some surgeons believe that extensive handling of the nerve with transposition can increase the risk of an ulnar nerve dysfunction. This paper reports ulnar nerve injuries caused by the incomplete insertion of a screw head in dual plating without an anterior ulnar nerve transposition for AO/OTA type C2 distal humerus fractures. When an anatomical locking plate is applied to a distal humeral fracture, locking screws around the ulnar nerve should be inserted fully without protrusion of the screw because an incompletely inserted screw can cause irritation or injury to the ulnar nerve because the screw head in the locking system usually has a slightly sharp edge because screw head has threads. If the change in insertion angle and resulting protruded head of the screw are unavoidable for firm fixation of fracture, the anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve is recommended over a soft tissue shield.
Head* ; Humeral Fractures ; Humerus* ; Incidence ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Surgeons ; Ulnar Nerve*

In this article neuroanatomical and verbal developmental process were introduced, followed that disorders and assessment of language function were reviewed. Finally, the causes and assessment of developmental dyslexia as a childhood disorder related to verbal function were reviewed.
Dyslexia ; Neuropsychology

No abstract available.
Aneurysm, False*

BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been established that plateletpheresis needs more efficiency and shorter processing time. Fenwall laboratories developed a new collection chamber for CS-3000 Plus, PLT-30TM collection chamber, which can reduce the processing time with efficient collection. We evaluated the PLT-30TM collection chamber by comparing it with A-35 collection chamber that has been used as a standard collection chamber of CS-3000 Plus us. METHODS: Thirty platelet collection procedures were performed using the CS 3000 Plus with A-35 collection chamber and PLT-30TM collection chamber. The changes of the hematologic parameters between pre- and post-donation in donors and the total platelets yields and the contaminated WBCs in the plateletpheresis products were evaluated. In processing, the yield predictor calibration was adjusted to 1.00 and 1.13 in A-35 and PLT-30TM respectively. Yield predictors of pheresis were the same as 3.5x1011 in both and end point volumes were calculated from the CS-3000 Plus. Processing volume and processing times were compared between A-35 and PLT-30TM groups. RESULTS: With PLT-30TM collection chamber, 3.38+/-0.72x1011/L platelets were harvested, whereas 3.20+/- 0.73x1011/L were collected with A-35 collection chamber, which was not significantly different. But processing time with the PLT-30TM collection chamber was more reduced than that with the A-35 collection chamber by about 20 minutes (PLT-30TM : 88.6+/-8.4 min, A-35 : 106.7+/-11.7min). Collection efficiency of PLT-30TM chamber was 50.7+/-12.5% and that of A-35 chamber was 44.4 + 8.8%. The leukocyte contamination of the platelet concentrates were not statistically different(PLT-30TM: 0.0-3.6x106, A-35 : 0.1-4.1x106). CONCLUSIONS: PLT-30TM collection chamber has the advantages of shortening the donation time and decreasing the processing volume with better collection efficiency and flexibility of platelet concentrate volume.
Blood Component Removal ; Blood Platelets ; Calibration ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Plateletpheresis ; Pliability ; Tissue Donors

The origin of osteoclast-like giant cell tumor (OGCT) of the salivary gland has been debated because the prototypic cells of osteoclast-like cells and mononuclear stromal cells are largely unexplained in this gland. Bone marrow-derived CD14+ and CD45+ monocyte-derived multipotential cells (CD14+/CD45+ MOMC) may be one of the possible origins of OGCTs of salivary glands, which have never been explored in salivary OGCTs. We present a case of OGCT accompanied with carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland of a 67-year-old Korean female. The tumor presented as a rapidly growing cervical mass comprising a central area of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and a peripheral circumferential area of OGCT. The immunohistochemical staining pattern was phenotypically consistent with bone marrow-derived CD14+/CD45+ MOMC. This case is the first report of a salivary OGCT in Korea.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Aged ; Cytosine ; Female ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Korea ; Mixed Tumor, Malignant ; Monocytes ; Osteoclasts ; Parotid Gland ; Salivary Glands ; Stromal Cells

The origin of osteoclast-like giant cell tumor (OGCT) of the salivary gland has been debated because the prototypic cells of osteoclast-like cells and mononuclear stromal cells are largely unexplained in this gland. Bone marrow-derived CD14+ and CD45+ monocyte-derived multipotential cells (CD14+/CD45+ MOMC) may be one of the possible origins of OGCTs of salivary glands, which have never been explored in salivary OGCTs. We present a case of OGCT accompanied with carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland of a 67-year-old Korean female. The tumor presented as a rapidly growing cervical mass comprising a central area of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and a peripheral circumferential area of OGCT. The immunohistochemical staining pattern was phenotypically consistent with bone marrow-derived CD14+/CD45+ MOMC. This case is the first report of a salivary OGCT in Korea.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Aged ; Cytosine ; Female ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Korea ; Mixed Tumor, Malignant ; Monocytes ; Osteoclasts ; Parotid Gland ; Salivary Glands ; Stromal Cells

Cystic nephroma (CN) is a benign cystic neoplasm composed of mixed epithelial and stromal elements. Less than 200 cases have been reported. We had a patient, a 41-year-old woman, who had a huge typical CN. The patient was admitted for a right renal mass that was found incidentally. On laparaoscopic right nephrectomy, there was an encapsulated 7 cm multilocular cystic mass at the upper pole. Microscopically, the cystic wall was lined by a single layer of low cuboidal or hobnail epithelium without a solid area. The thin septa were composed of bland, ovarian type spindle cells. The main differential diagnoses were mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST), low grade multilocular renal cell carcinoma, and tubulocystic carcinoma. The results of immunohistochemical staining were cytokeratin 7/19(+/+) and CD10(-) in lining epithelium, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor(+/+) in stromal cells. After surgery, she was free of recurrence for 10 months. We report this rare case and compare it with other cystic renal tumors, especially MEST.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelium ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Recurrence ; Stromal Cells

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma is an extremely rare variety of odontogenic tumor. It has not previously been reported in Korea. The tumor is composed of benign odontogenic epithelium with a mesenchymal part which exhibits the histologic features of fibrosarcoma. We have reported a case of amloblastic fibrosarcoma of the mandible in a 26-year-old man with swelling of right mandible for 2 weeks. The tumor showed yellowish ill-demarcated ulcerating mass involving right premolar and molar area. Light microscopy revealed irregularly arranged strands and islands of odontogenic epithelium surrounded by abundant mesenchymal tissue with the feature of fibrosarcoma. The fibrosarcoma cells were strong positive on immunostain for vimentin and ameloblastic cells were weakly positive for cytokeratin. S-100 and CEA were negative in both epithelial and sarcoma cells. The sarcoma cells were corresponding to fibroblasts on the electron microscopy with abundancy of RER and mitochondria and covering of basal lamina. Two types of virus like particles were distributed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of sarcoma cells. We treated the patient with surgery and chemotherapy. The recovery was uneventful and the prognosis is under observation.
Male ; Humans

This study was performed to investigate the effect of endotoxin to the CCl4-induced liver injury. Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected 1.6 g/kg CCl4 as control group. Another 24 rats were orally administrated 300 mg/kg of neomycin at 16 and 3 hours prior to CCl4 injection as experimental group. Twelve among them were intraperitoneally infected 1.0 mg/kg of endotoxin(E-Coli, 0111:B4, No L-2630, lipopolysaccharide, Sigma, USA) and CCl4 simultaneously for offsetting neomycin effect. The rats were sacrificed at 1, 4, 10, and 24 hours after CCl4 injection. The liver tissues from all experimental groups were observed by light and electron microscopy. The results obtained were summarized as follows: In the CCl4 only group, the hepatocytes revealed sweling of ER and mitochondria with many lipid droplet in the cytoplasm. Focal cellular necrosis was seen at the later phase. The Kupffer cells were activated and showed many cytoplasmic processes, secondary lysosomes, and vaculoles. The endothelial cells were edematous. Several neutrophils, platelets, and microthrombi were scattered in the sinusoid. In the neomycin-CCl4-endotoxin administrated group, both hepatocytic destruction and intrasinusoidal microthrombi formation were more pronounced. In the neomycin pretreated group, the hepatocytes revealed mild cellular destruction without necrosis. There is no intrasinusoidal microthrombi. According to these results, it would be concluded that the small dosage of gastrointestinal tract-derived endotoxin affects to the liver injury caused by CCl4. The synergistic effects of CCl4 and gastrointestinal tract-derived endotoxin which can not be detoxified by damaged Kupffer cells, may be more important in the pathogenesis of CCl4-induced liver injury.
Rats ; Animals

In complication of infective endocaditis splenomegaly and splenic infarction are not uncommon but splenic rupture is very rare. We report a case of splenic rupture complicated by infective endocarditis in 1 71-yr-old man who had been suffered from rheumatic heart disease (aortic regurgitation and stenosis and mitral regurgitation). The patient was admitted to mild fever and generalized weakness for 20 days. Diagnosis of infective endocarditis due to Staphylococcus epidermidis was made by clinical manifestaions and blood culture study.On 34th day of admissionthe patient suddenly displayed the symptoms and signs of massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage. Splenic rupture was revealed by paracentesis and radiologic studies. Rupture of spleen is an uncommon and usually fatal complication of infective endocarditis. Therefore early diagnosis and prompt treatment must be performed.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Endocarditis* ; Fever ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Paracentesis ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; Rupture ; Spleen ; Splenic Infarction ; Splenic Rupture* ; Splenomegaly ; Staphylococcus epidermidis