PURPOSE: We studied the effectiveness and toxicities of 5-fluorouracil+leucovorin, combination chemotherapy in advanced or recurred colo-rectal cancer patients, who didn't have previous chemotherapy and enrolled from August 1993 to July 1998. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients were treated with leucovorin followed by 5-fluorouracil for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks. Among 43 patients who were enrolled, 40 patients received treatment at least 2 courses, and they were evaluable. Male to female ratio was 21 to 19. In serum CEA level, 27 patients were greater than 5 ng/ml and 13 were less than 5 ng/ml. And primary site was colon in 21 patients and rectum in 19 patients. RESULTS: The complete response rate was 7,5% and the partial response rate was 25%. The median survival duration was 14.7 months, the median response duration was 16.0 months, and median time to progression was 7.3 months. In the analysis of response, survival duration, time to progression according to various characteristics of patients, serum CEA level and liver involvement were revealed significant difference in survival duration, time to progression (p=0.0122, 00350 & 0.0202, 0.0123) on univariate analysis, but no significant difference on multivariates. Hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities were mild and tolerable. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the combination of 5-fluorouracil (370 mg/m) and leucovorin (20 mg/m) is effective and tolerable regimen in advanced or recurred colo-rectal cancer patients without previous chemotherapy.
Colon ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Female ; Fluorouracil* ; Humans ; Leucovorin* ; Liver ; Male ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Rectum

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There has been a recent surge in the frequency of blowout fracture operations in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Clinical symptoms and signs, operative timing and the results from fracture site and size have been researched in this study. We conducted this study to examine the postoperative complications causing re-operation in orbital blowout fracture repair in the last seven years. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Based on patients' clinical data, we retrospectively reviewed 160 patients who had operation because of blowout fracture from January 1998 to December 2004. Fifty-two patients had orbital floor, 74 patients had medial orbital wall, 34 patients had a combination of orbital floor and medial orbital wall fractures. We investigated diplopia, limitation of eye movements, and enophthalmos after the surgery, and analyzed the frequency and causes of re-operation. The mean postoperative follow-up was 24 months. RESULTS: We classified complications into immediate complications which occurred within 24 hours, late complications which occurred between 24 hours and 2 weeks, and delayed complications which occurred 2 weeks or more after operation. The symptoms of complications included diplopia, EOM limitation, cheek hypoesthesia, loss of vision, oroantral fistula, implant infection, ectropion, and etc. In case of sequelae which lasted more than six months, the combination of orbital floor and medial orbital wall fractures was higher than other fracture types. We carried out re-operation on 14 cases and the main cause was incomplete reduction. CONCLUSION: Surgeons should perform proper operation according to fracture site and type, and insert the implant after making an adequate dissection in order to reduce the frequency of complication and re-operation.
Cheek ; Diplopia ; Ectropion ; Enophthalmos ; Eye Movements ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures ; Oroantral Fistula ; Otolaryngology ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies

Frontal sinus fractures are relatively uncommon maxillofacial injuries, making up only 5% to 12% of all facial fractures. Management of the fracture depends on the type and severity of the fracture and the presence of associated injuries. The use of a metalic plate as a reduction material for facial bone fracture has vastly grown; however, in infants, metal implants induce growth restriction of facial bone and the plate needs to be removed after approximately 3-6 months. Due to these weakness, the use of it as a bioabsorbable plate has thus taken over the large proportion of all its uses. A 15-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a depression fracture of the frontal sinus anterior wall after trauma to the frontal area. Seven days after the trauma, the patient got open reduction. After exposing the fracture site with a butterfly incision, and placing the fractured bony fragments back in original place, the bioabsorbable plates were fixed on them. Postoperatively, depressed frontal area was restored normally. There is no evidence of complication after 28 months from the operation. We report a successful reduction of the frontal sinus anterior wall fracture using bioabsorbable plates.
Adolescent ; Butterflies ; Depression ; Facial Bones ; Frontal Sinus* ; Humans ; Infant ; Maxillofacial Injuries

Injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament have almost universally been treated nonoperatively in the past due to indignity of this complex structure. Recent studies have shown new informations on the anantomical, histological, biomechanical characteristics of the Posterior cruciate ligament PCL), and thereby interest of reconstruction surgery is increasing. But intraarticular PCL reconstruction still remains one of the most challenging problems in knee surgery. Although, various types of graft and surgical techniques have been used for reconstruction, results of surgery has been variable. In this study, three different methods of graft fixation for PCL reconstruction are evaluated biomechanically to determine the effect on mechanical property of reconstructed PCL using 30 porcine knees. Grafts used in this study were bone-patellar tendon-bone fixed with interference screw and Achilles tendon tied with suture. Additionally, five original PCLs were also tested by Instron universal testing instrument to determine its mechanical proprety. Tensile test was performed at extended knee position. It was demonstrated that mechanical strength of bone-patellar tendon-bone graft is superior to that of Achilles tendon graft. All of the failures of bone-patellar tendon-bone graft and Achilles tendon graft occurred at tibial fixation site whereas original PCLs which failed at proximal midsubstance of ligament. In conclusion, tensile strength of Bone-patellar tendon-bone graft used for PCL reconstruction is higher than that of Achilles tendon but latter can be used in terms of as clinical meanings.
Achilles Tendon ; Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafts ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Sutures ; Tensile Strength ; Transplants*

This study presents data on the externally received doses for radiation workers who used the Korea Radioisotope Association's personal monitoring and dose record keeping service from 1984. Distributions of annual dose by age of worker and occupational category were given. The number of radiation workers registered was 23,257 in 1997. The trend of the number of radiation workers and their annual doses increased since 1984. The measured radiation dose were generally low. The collective annual dose and the mean annual dose were 33.45 Sv and 1.44 mSv, respectively. Very few workers(0.5%) exceeded 20 mSv(2 rem) and only 1 exceeded 50 mSv, the legal limit for dose.
Humans ; Korea*

The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal microleakage of different 2-step adhesive systems in Class V cavities prepared with different diamond points. Forty Class V cavities were prepared with two different (coarse or fine) diamond points on cervical third of extracted molars. The occlusal and gingival margin of cavities was located in enamel and dentin, respectively. They were divided into one of four equal groups (n = 10) and ; Group 1-prepared with coarse diamond point (EX-41), restored with Single Bond and Z 250, Group 2-prepared with fine diamond piont (TF-21F), restored with Single Bond and Z 250, Group 3-prepared with coarse diamond point (EX-41), restored with Clearfil SE Bond and Clearfil AP-X, Group 4-prepared with fine diamond point (TF-21F), restored with Clearfil SE Bond and Clearfil AP-X. Specimens were thermocycled, immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, and bisected longitudinally. They were observed leakages at enamel and dentinal margins. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed ranked test. In this study, marginal microleakage of Single Bond was not affected by type of diamond points. But Clearfil SE Bond showed higher marginal microleakage at both enamel and dentinal margin when Class V cavity was prepared with coarse diamond point.
Adhesives* ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Diamond ; Methylene Blue ; Molar

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of passive or active application of primer and coat times of bond on the shear bond strength when a self-etching primer adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) was applied to enamel surface. Crowns of sixteen human molars were selected. Buccal and lingual enamels of crowns were partially exposed and slabs of 1.2 mm thick were made. They were divided into one of four equal groups (n = 8). Group 1: passive application of Primer and 1 coat of Bond, Group 2: active application of Primer and 1 coat of Bond, Group 3: passive application of Primer and 2 coats of Bond, Group 4: active application of Primer and 2 coats of Bond. Clearfil AP-X was bonded to enamel suface of each group using Tygon tubes. The bonded specimens were subjected to microshear bond strength (uSBS) testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The uSBS of Group 1 was the lowest among groups and the uSBS of Group 4 was the highest. 2. There was not statistically significant interaction between enamel uSBS by application method of Primer and coat time of Bond (p > 0.05). 3. There was not statistically significant difference between enamel uSBS by passive and active application of Primer (p > 0.05). 4. There was statistically significant difference between enamel uSBS by one- and two-coat of Bond (p < 0.05).
Adhesives ; Crowns ; Dental Enamel ; Humans ; Methacrylates ; Molar

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Enophthalmos is a common sequelae of orbital fracture. Moreover, it is difficult to treat secondarily. We assessed the effect of filling up the orbital volume defect with implants on the correction of late posttraumatic enophthalmos. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Based on patients' clinical data, we retrospectively reviewed 11 patients who had an operation because of late posttraumatic enophthalmos from July 2001 to December 2005. To correct late posttraumatic enophthalmos, porous polyethylene (Medpor(R)), Medpor(R) enophthalmos wedge implant, absorbable mesh, bone graft particulate, rib cartilage, auricle cartilage, and maxilla anterior wall were used. RESULTS: Among 11 patients, 6 patients were men and 5 patients were women. The average age was 33.2 years with the follow-up period of 21.8 months. Five patients had orbital floor fracture, 1 patients had medial orbital wall fracture, 4 patients had a combination of orbital floor and medial orbital wall fractures, and 3 patients had zygoma fracture. Excellent results were obtained in all 5 patients with diplopia. The amount of enophthalmos corrected was between 1 and 5 mm (mean 2.5 mm). There was no case of visual loss, infection, migration, or exposure of implant, but we carried out re-operation on 1 case due to over reduction. CONCLUSION: Filling up the volume defect with proper implants is a relatively simple, safe and efficient technique in correcting late posttraumatic enophthalmos.
Absorbable Implants ; Cartilage ; Diplopia ; Enophthalmos* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Orbit ; Orbital Fractures ; Polyethylene ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribs ; Transplants ; Zygoma

To elucidate some DNA adducts as a biological marker for workers of chromate pigment, the effects of chromium exposure on the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OH-dG) and sister chromatid exchanges(SCEs) frequency in 38 workers of a pigment plant in Bucheon which utilized lead chromates, were examined. The chromium contents of venous blood and urine were measured as working environmental exposure level. The concentrations of 8-OH-dG in DNA isolated from lymphocytes were determined with high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detector and denoted as a molar ratio of 8-OH-dG to deoxyguanosine(dG). The SCEs frequency were analyzed in DNA isolated from lymphocytes. A significant correlation was found between creatinine adjusted urine chromium concentration and the molar ratio of 8-OH-dG to dG(r=0.47, p<0.01). After adjusting the current smoking habit, the correlation coefficient was increased(r=0.62, p<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between the SCE frequency and chromium exposure. This significant results between molar ratio of 8-OH-dG to dG and chromium exposure are in good agreement with in vitro studies that support the importance of DNA adduct formation for the carcinogenic effect of chromium.
Biomarkers ; Chromates ; Chromatids ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Chromium* ; Creatinine ; DNA ; DNA Adducts ; Environmental Exposure ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Molar ; Plants ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange* ; Smoke ; Smoking

Recently, alloy dental implant is frequently performed in dentistry. The complications of a dental implant include maxillary sinusitis, oroantral fistula, displacement of implants and others. Maxillary sinusitis among these complications is one of the severe complications, which is being reported to occur rarely. The complications of dental implant are often accompanied by gingival swelling, pain, fistula and other symptoms, for which immediate therapeutic measures may be implemented. Nevertheless, as the authors encountered, overlooking secondary nasal symptoms of a dental implant may lead patients to rely merely on drug treatment without realizing the particular causes for such symptoms. The authors experienced a case with acute unilateral maxillary sinusitis developed after dental implant performed at the dental clinic, which was alleviated by performing endoscopic sinus surgery. Such complication has been rarely reported overseas, nor domestically. By reporting this case, we aimed to call attention to the complication of sinusitis and to take into consideration of implant displacement in suspicious cases of acute maxillary sinusitis.
Alloys ; Dental Clinics ; Dental Implants* ; Dentistry ; Fistula ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Maxillary Sinusitis* ; Oroantral Fistula ; Sinusitis