Cancer associated retinopathy (CAR) syndrome is a very rare ocular manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome, and is characterized clinically by progressive visual impairment. Immune cross-reactivity between antigens in the cancerous tissue and antigens in the retina may play an important role in its pathogenesis, and most of cases are associated with lung carcinoma, particularly small cell lung cancer. The clinical triad of CAR is described as photosensitivity, ring scotomata, and an attenuated retinal arterial caliber. Here, we report a 61-year old male patient with CAR syndrome, who had small cell lung carcinoma in the stage of limited disease, with a brief review of the relevant literature.
Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* ; Vision Disorders

In many countries, vaccines are used for the prevention of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). However, because there is no protection against FMD immediately after vaccination, research and development on antiviral agents is being conducted to induce protection until immunological competence is produced. This study tested whether well-known chemicals used as RNA virus treatment agents had inhibitory effects on FMD viruses (FMDVs) and demonstrated that ribavirin showed antiviral effects against FMDV in vitro/in vivo. In addition, it was observed that combining the administration of the antiviral agents orally and complementary therapy with vaccines synergistically enhanced antiviral activity and preserved the survival rate and body weight in the experimental animals. Antiviral agents mixed with an adjuvant were inoculated intramuscularly along with the vaccines, thereby inhibiting virus replication after injection and verifying that it was possible to induce early protection against viral infection prior to immunity being achieved through the vaccine. Finally, pigs treated with antiviral agents and vaccines showed no clinical signs and had low virus excretion. Based on these results, it is expected that this combined approach could be a therapeutic and preventive treatment for early protection against FMD.
Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; Body Weight ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Immunocompetence ; Ribavirin ; RNA Viruses ; Survival Rate ; Swine ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Virus Replication