Differentiation between benign and malignant hepatic lesions was attempted according to the shape of the lesion, internal architecture and characteristics of signal intensity on MR images. MR images. We retrospectively analyzed 20 cases of hemangiomas, 12 cases of hepatomas and 5 cases of cysts which were diagnosed by clinical, radiological and surgical methods (33 patients). On T1-weighted, proton weighted, and T2-weighted images, most hemangiomas (70%) and cysts (100%) had smooth margin and were round or oval in shape, while hepatocellular carcinomas had irregular (67%) or lobulated (33%) borders. Ninety percent of hemangiomas and 100% of cysts had homogeneous signal intensity, but 67% of hepatocellular carcinomas were inhomogeneous. Signal intensities of hepatocellular carcinomas were more variable. However, hemangionmas were isointense or hyperintense on proton weighted images, and markedly hyperintense on T2-weighted images . In conclusion, inhomogenous, irregular border, and variable signal intensity lesions had high likelihood of malignancy, while homogenous and markedly hyperintense lesions were more likely benign.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis* ; Hemangioma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Protons ; Retrospective Studies

Differentiation between benign and malignant hepatic lesions was attempted according to the shape of the lesion, internal architecture and characteristics of signal intensity on MR images. MR images. We retrospectively analyzed 20 cases of hemangiomas, 12 cases of hepatomas and 5 cases of cysts which were diagnosed by clinical, radiological and surgical methods (33 patients). On T1-weighted, proton weighted, and T2-weighted images, most hemangiomas (70%) and cysts (100%) had smooth margin and were round or oval in shape, while hepatocellular carcinomas had irregular (67%) or lobulated (33%) borders. Ninety percent of hemangiomas and 100% of cysts had homogeneous signal intensity, but 67% of hepatocellular carcinomas were inhomogeneous. Signal intensities of hepatocellular carcinomas were more variable. However, hemangionmas were isointense or hyperintense on proton weighted images, and markedly hyperintense on T2-weighted images . In conclusion, inhomogenous, irregular border, and variable signal intensity lesions had high likelihood of malignancy, while homogenous and markedly hyperintense lesions were more likely benign.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis* ; Hemangioma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Protons ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Myelography*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to propose an ontology methodology based on standardized nursing process as framework in obstetric and gynecologic nursing practice. METHODS: The instrument used in this study was based on the nursing diagnosis classification established by North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) (2009-2011), fifth edition of the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) (2008), forth edition of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) (2008) developed by Iowa State University and systematized nomenclature of medicine clinical terms (SNOMED CT). The nursing records data were collected from electronic medical records of one hospital from August to October 2010. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-one nursing diagnosis statements used in obstetric and gynecologic nursing unit were linked standardized nursing classifications and constructed nursing diagnosis ontology including interoperability. CONCLUSION: Not only will this result be helpful to complete nurse's lack of knowledge and experience, it will also help to determine nursing diagnosis logically by using standardized nursing process. It will be utilized as the method to construct ontology including interoperability in other nursing units. It will be presented nursing interventions according to nursing diagnosis and thus will be easier to establish nursing planning. This can provide immediate feedback of the nursing process application.
Electronic Health Records ; Iowa ; Logic ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing Process ; Nursing Records ; Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine

The authors devdeloped a computer program for automatic coding of ACR (American College of Radiology) code. The automatic coding of the ACR code is essential for computerization of the data in the department of radiology. This program was written in FoxBASE language and has been used for automatic coding of diagnosis in the Deparment of Radiology, Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital since May 1992. The ACR dictionary files consisted of 11 files, one for the organ code and the others for the pathology code. The organ code was obtained by typing organ name or code number itself among the upper and lower level codes of the selected one that were simultaneously displayed on the screen. According to the first number of the selected organ code. the corresponding pathology code file was chosen augomatically. By the similar fashion of organ code selection, the proper pathologic dode was obtained. An example of obtained ACR code is "131.3661". This procedure was reproducible regardless of the number of fields of data. Bacause this program was written in "User's Defined Function" from, decoding of the stored ACR code was achieved by this same program and incoporation of this program into another data processing program was possible. This program had merits of simple operation, accurate and detail coding, and easy adjustment for another program. Therefore, this program can be used for automation of routine work in the department of radiology.
Automation ; Clinical Coding* ; Diagnosis ; Methods* ; Pathology ; Protestantism

Magnetic resonance images frequently demonstrate asymmetrical mucosal volume in the nasal area of asymptomatic patients. To further evaluate this phenomenon, sequential MR examinations of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were performed three to four times during a 3 to 8 hours period in ten normal volunteers. The study demonstrated that the mucosal volume changes alternated from side to side during this period in eight volunteers. Changes were also observed within the ethmoid sinuses, nasal septum and nasolacrimal ducts. Awareness of MR findings of nasal cycle may reduce the likehood of inflammatory disease being confused with normal physiologic changes, and also may provide another method in the study of this physiologic phenomenon.
Ethmoid Sinus ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Methods ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Septum ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the perception of learning outcomes between faculty and students in medical schools. METHODS: A total of 1,766 medical students and 436 faculty members participated in the survey. They responded to the perception of four learning outcomes: medical knowledge and problem solving, clinical skills, medical ethics, and clinical communication. The participants responded to the education and achievement levels of the learning outcomes. RESULTS: In all four learning outcomes, the student's perception of education level differed by educational system, and the students in mixed systems had the highest scores. Students differed significantly in achievement level of medical ethics between genders, wherein male students perceived their achievement level to be higher than females. Students perceived their achievement level to be lower than the education level. The students' clinical skills were the highest in the education and achievement levels. The faculty perceived the education level to be higher than the student's achievement level. In particular, the faculty's perception of education level of medical knowledge and problem solving was the highest, whereas the students' achievement level of it was lower. The faculty assessed the education level to be higher than students. The students showed higher perception of achievement level than faculty. CONCLUSION: There were perceptual differences in learning outcomes between students and faculty. The results of this study are expected to be used to design outcome-based learning methods.
Clinical Competence ; Education* ; Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Humans ; Learning* ; Male ; Problem Solving ; Schools, Medical* ; Students, Medical

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine students' perception of the educational environment of medical schools in Korea. METHODS: A total of 9,096 of 12,035 students (75.6%) responded to our questionnaire. This study was conducted at the end of the 2013 academic year using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) at 40 medical schools in Korea. DREEM comprises five domains: students' perceptions of learning (SPL); students' perceptions of teachers (SPT); students' academic self-perceptions; students' perceptions of atmosphere; and students' social self-perception. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: The overall mean DREEM score was 113.97 (of 200), and the scores for the 40 medical schools ranged from 100.24 to 134.32. The overall mean and domains scores of the DREEM differed significantly between educational systems, grades, genders, and academic achievement levels. Graduate-level medical students had higher scores for the DREEM and its five domains than undergraduate medical students. The scores were lowest in second-year students (mean, 111.80). Male students' perceptions were significantly higher than those of female students except for SPL and SPT. High academic achievers' perceptions were also greater versus low academic achievers. CONCLUSION: Students' perceptions of their educational environment are positive in Korea. The learning environment should be evaluated by curriculum planners and administrators of medical schools to improve its quality.
Achievement ; *Attitude ; *Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Perception ; Republic of Korea ; *Schools, Medical ; *Students, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can be divided into at least two major types. Type I bacteria express VacA (vacuolating cytotoxin) and CagA (cytotoxin-associated antigen), type II bacteria do not exp~ress VacA or CagA. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes of gastric histology and serum level of gastric peptides (gastrin and pepsinogen) according to the bacteriological types in H. pylori infection. METHODS: In patients with H. pylori-positive functional dyspepsia, we classified the type of infection serologically by detecting IgG antibodies to CagA and VacA. Each patient was also evaluated for the degree of gastric inflammation and serum concentrations of gastrin and pepsinogen (PG). IgG antibodies to these proteins and concentrations of gastrin and PG were detected by using a immuno-blot kit and a radioimmunoassay kit, respectively, from the sera of each patient. From endoscopically biopsied antral specimens, the degree of gastric inflammation was evaluated by scoring inflammatory changes.
Antibodies ; Bacteria ; Dyspepsia* ; Gastrins ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Inflammation ; Pepsinogen A ; Peptides* ; Radioimmunoassay

BACKGROUND: Pityriasis lichenoides (PL)-like skin lesions rarely appear as a specific manifestation of mycosis fungoides (MF). OBJECTIVE: We investigated the clinicopathological features, immunophenotypes, and treatments of PL-like MF. METHODS: This study included 15 patients with PL-like lesions selected from a population of 316 patients diagnosed with MF at one institution. RESULTS: The patients were between 4 and 59 years of age. Four patients were older than 20 years of age. All of the patients had early-stage MF. In all patients, the atypical lymphocytic infiltrate had a perivascular distribution with epidermotropism. The CD4/CD8 ratio was <1 in 12 patients. Thirteen patients were treated with either narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) or psoralen+ultraviolet A (PUVA), and all of them had complete responses. CONCLUSION: PL-like MF appears to have a favorable prognosis and occurrence of this variant in adults is uncommon. MF should be suspected in the case of a PL-like skin eruption. Therefore, biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis of PL-like MF, and NBUVB is a clinically effective treatment.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mycosis Fungoides* ; Phototherapy* ; Pityriasis Lichenoides ; Pityriasis* ; Prognosis ; Skin