No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Urology

In genitourinary trauma, the bladder is the second most common injury site. The majority of patients are injured by traffic accident. Injuries associated with bladder trauma are usually pelvic and rib fracture, but diaphragmatic rupture is rare. If bladder injury is suspected, diagnosis is made by a retrograde cystogram in most cases. However, if the patient complains of dyspnea, erect chest PA view or chest CT scan should be evaluated. We experienced a case of intraperitoneal bladder rupture combined with diaphragmatic rupture without other internal organ injury in a 68-year-old woman.
Accidents, Traffic ; Aged ; Diagnosis ; Diaphragm ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Rib Fractures ; Rupture* ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the contributing factors and etiology of erectile dysfunction (ED) in unmarried men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1998 to December 2001, we examined 49 unmarried men age 21 to 44 years (mean 29 years) with ED. All patients were assessed by history, physical examination, laboratory studies, combined intracavernous injection and stimulation test (CIS test), penile duplex ultrasonography, and other indicated tests to identify the etiology of erectile dysfunction. RESULTS: The majority of patients had vasculogenic impotence (arteriogenic 26.5%; venogenic 14.3%; mixed 16.3%). Less common were psychogenic (26.5%), hormonal (6.1%), neurogenic (8.1%), and other causes (2.0%). Contributing factors were present in 71.4% of patients, such as penile blunt trauma in 22 patients (44.9%), genitourinary disease in 14 (28.6%), substance abuse in 7 (14.3%), and medical illness in 5 (10.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Erectile dysfunction in unmarried men generally is vasculogenic in origin, and penile blunt trauma is the most common contributing factor.
Erectile Dysfunction* ; Female ; Humans ; Impotence, Vasculogenic ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Single Person* ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To identify chronologic trends and characteristics, and to gain some insights into the future direction of the Korean Journal of Urology (KJU), all articles published in the KJU over the past 5 decades were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bibliometric data of the entire 6,730 articles published in the KJU were classified according to publication type (original articles, review articles, case reports), publication content (experimental articles, clinical articles), and 8 genitourinary fields: oncology, voiding dysfunction/female urology, endourology/urolithiasis, urinary tract infection (UTI), sexual dysfunction/infertility, pediatric urology, trauma, and medical/miscellaneous. The data were analyzed in the following chronological order: 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. RESULTS: The number of articles published in the KJU has continuously increased annually. The proportion of original articles, which constituted 72.9% of articles overall, significantly increased in the 2000s (79.5%). Articles in the field of oncology constituted the largest proportion (37.6%) of total articles. The oncology and voiding dysfunction/female urology fields showed an increasing trend, but the UTI field showed a decreasing trend. The fields of sexual dysfunction/infertility and voiding dysfunction/female urology began to increase in the 1990s. The percentage of experimental articles, which was 8.4% in the 1970s, and 9.0% in the 1980s, increased to 20.4% in the 1990s. Recently, the KJU was registered in some international journal databases in recognition of its scientific excellence. CONCLUSIONS: These results make up an index reflecting academic and practicing performances in urology. We hope that the KJU will soon be recognized as one of the high-quality international peer-reviewed journals.
Bibliometrics ; Korea ; Publications ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urology

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to evaluate whether vardenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, may be used as a substitute for intracavernosal injection when assessing erectile dysfunction using penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 21 patients with erectile dysfunction underwent penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography after intracavernosal injection of 0.2 ml trimix. Each patient also underwent penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography after a 10-mg oral dose of vardenafil with audio-visual sexual stimulation. There was 1 week interval between each study. In both studies, peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, and resistive index were measured. Then ultrasonographic diagnoses of erectile dysfunction were classified as arteriogenic, veno-occlusive, and mixed-type. RESULTS: Doppler ultrasonography with trimix intracavernosal injection identified 8(38.1%), 1(4.8%), 10(47.6%), and 2(9.5%) patients with arteriogenic, veno-occlusive, mixed-type, and non-vasculogenic impotence, respectively. After vardenafil oral medication, 10(47.6%), 1(4.8%), and 10(47.6%) patients demonstrated arteriogenic, veno-occlusive, and mixed-type impotence, respectively. There was a difference in diagnosis in 23.8% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Vardenafil oral administration with audio-visual sexual stimulation showed a similar hemodynamic result compared to trimix intracavernosal injection during penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography. However, there were some differences. These results suggest that vardenafil oral medication may be used as a substitute for intracavernosal injection when assessing erectile dysfunction using penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography. However, further investigation is needed.
Administration, Oral ; Diagnosis ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex* ; Vardenafil Dihydrochloride

No abstract available.
Horses*

No abstract available.
Snakes

It has been found that acetylcholine releases at least two different substances from the vascular endothelial cells, i.e., relaxing factor and hyperpolarizing factor. The present study was armed to investigate whether and to what extent these factors are involved in the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum. The corpus cavernosum was isolated from male New Zealand white rabbits and suspended longitudinally in an organ bath. The corporal strips were precontracted with phenylephrine, tetraethylammonium (TEA) or potassium chloride, and their responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) or exogenously-administered acetylcholine were examined. EFS caused a frequency-dependent relaxation of the corpus cavernosum precontracted with phenylephrine, which was significantly inhibited or abolished in the presence of procaine (3.5 x 0.0001mol/L) or ouabain (0.0001mol/L). The corporal preparation precontracted with TEA also showed a frequency-dependent relaxation, however, the degree of which was lower than that precontracted with phenylephrine. EFS was without a significant effect on the corporal preparation precontracted with KCl (3 x 0.01mol/L). Acethylcholine elicted a concentration-dependent relaxation of the corpus cavernosum, the magnitude of which was significantly diminished in the presence of L-NAME (0.0001 mol/L). The relaxation response to EFS of the corporal preparation precontracted with phenylephrine was significantly attenuated in the presence of L-NAME (0.0001 mol/L), in which the residual relaxation was completely abolished by glibenclamide (0.00001mol/L). The relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in response to EFS was reversed into a contraction by methylene blue (0.0001mol/L) or TEA (0.01mol/L). These results suggest that endothelium-derived relaxing and hyperpolarizing factors released upon neural stimulation mediate the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum. It is also suggested that EDRF activates soluble guanylate cyclase and EDHF does ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
Acetylcholine ; Arm ; Baths ; Endothelial Cells ; Glyburide ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Humans ; KATP Channels ; Male ; Methylene Blue ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Ouabain ; Phenylephrine ; Potassium Chloride ; Procaine ; Rabbits ; Relaxation* ; Tea ; Tetraethylammonium