No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Urology

In genitourinary trauma, the bladder is the second most common injury site. The majority of patients are injured by traffic accident. Injuries associated with bladder trauma are usually pelvic and rib fracture, but diaphragmatic rupture is rare. If bladder injury is suspected, diagnosis is made by a retrograde cystogram in most cases. However, if the patient complains of dyspnea, erect chest PA view or chest CT scan should be evaluated. We experienced a case of intraperitoneal bladder rupture combined with diaphragmatic rupture without other internal organ injury in a 68-year-old woman.
Accidents, Traffic ; Aged ; Diagnosis ; Diaphragm ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Rib Fractures ; Rupture* ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis*

It has been found that acetylcholine releases at least two different substances from the vascular endothelial cells, i.e., relaxing factor and hyperpolarizing factor. The present study was armed to investigate whether and to what extent these factors are involved in the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum. The corpus cavernosum was isolated from male New Zealand white rabbits and suspended longitudinally in an organ bath. The corporal strips were precontracted with phenylephrine, tetraethylammonium (TEA) or potassium chloride, and their responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) or exogenously-administered acetylcholine were examined. EFS caused a frequency-dependent relaxation of the corpus cavernosum precontracted with phenylephrine, which was significantly inhibited or abolished in the presence of procaine (3.5 x 0.0001mol/L) or ouabain (0.0001mol/L). The corporal preparation precontracted with TEA also showed a frequency-dependent relaxation, however, the degree of which was lower than that precontracted with phenylephrine. EFS was without a significant effect on the corporal preparation precontracted with KCl (3 x 0.01mol/L). Acethylcholine elicted a concentration-dependent relaxation of the corpus cavernosum, the magnitude of which was significantly diminished in the presence of L-NAME (0.0001 mol/L). The relaxation response to EFS of the corporal preparation precontracted with phenylephrine was significantly attenuated in the presence of L-NAME (0.0001 mol/L), in which the residual relaxation was completely abolished by glibenclamide (0.00001mol/L). The relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in response to EFS was reversed into a contraction by methylene blue (0.0001mol/L) or TEA (0.01mol/L). These results suggest that endothelium-derived relaxing and hyperpolarizing factors released upon neural stimulation mediate the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum. It is also suggested that EDRF activates soluble guanylate cyclase and EDHF does ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
Acetylcholine ; Arm ; Baths ; Endothelial Cells ; Glyburide ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Humans ; KATP Channels ; Male ; Methylene Blue ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Ouabain ; Phenylephrine ; Potassium Chloride ; Procaine ; Rabbits ; Relaxation* ; Tea ; Tetraethylammonium

In female sexual dysfunction (FSD), psychological and contextual factors significantly influence organic components of sexual response and behavior. The hormonal environment also affects FSD. Therefore, a tailored medical approach to each individual's sexual symptom is inevitable. This paper reviews currently available pharmacological treatment of FSD including the most recent advances and future targets in pharmacotherapy. In hormonal therapies for FSD, efficacy of estrogens and androgens on the treatment of vaginal atrophy, low sexual desire, and small subsets of genital arousal disorder, respectively, have been demonstrated. However, we need more data regarding long-term safety. There are two non-hormonal agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Flibanserin has shown marginal benefit over placebo for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Ospemifen has shown beneficial effect on vulvovaginal pain from hormone related atrophy although it requires a longer period data to assess safety in other female genital organs, such as uterus and ovaries. Controversies still remain regarding hormonal therapies for FSD. Besides, some of the developing drugs still require more reliable safety and efficacy data. However, pharmacologic treatment of FSD is a promising field yet to be explored.
Androgens ; Arousal ; Atrophy ; Drug Therapy ; Estrogens ; Female* ; Genitalia, Female ; Humans ; Ovary ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Horses*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the contributing factors and etiology of erectile dysfunction (ED) in unmarried men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1998 to December 2001, we examined 49 unmarried men age 21 to 44 years (mean 29 years) with ED. All patients were assessed by history, physical examination, laboratory studies, combined intracavernous injection and stimulation test (CIS test), penile duplex ultrasonography, and other indicated tests to identify the etiology of erectile dysfunction. RESULTS: The majority of patients had vasculogenic impotence (arteriogenic 26.5%; venogenic 14.3%; mixed 16.3%). Less common were psychogenic (26.5%), hormonal (6.1%), neurogenic (8.1%), and other causes (2.0%). Contributing factors were present in 71.4% of patients, such as penile blunt trauma in 22 patients (44.9%), genitourinary disease in 14 (28.6%), substance abuse in 7 (14.3%), and medical illness in 5 (10.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Erectile dysfunction in unmarried men generally is vasculogenic in origin, and penile blunt trauma is the most common contributing factor.
Erectile Dysfunction* ; Female ; Humans ; Impotence, Vasculogenic ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Single Person* ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans