Postoperative muscle pain is well known to occur in man following intravenous administration of succinylcholine. The mechanism of muscle pain is yet unknown. A number of methods for preventing muscle pains or decreasing their severity have been suggested, including nondepolarizing relaxants prior to succinylcholine (Churchill-Davidson, 1954: Cullen, 1971: Wig and Bali, 1979) or lidocaine(Usubiaga et al., 1967: Haldia et al., 1973: Fry, 1975), use of vitamin C (Gupte & Savant, 1971), procaine chloride(Morris & Dunn, 1957), thiopental sodium (Craign, 1964) or diazepam (Verma et al., 1978) and the use of a "self-taming" method of succinylcholine by prior injection of a small dose(Baraka, 1977). To investigate methods of preventing muscle pains or decreasing their severity after intravenous injection of succinylcholine, we studied four groups, a control group and three experimental groups (a lidocaine group, a d- Tubocurarine group and a succinylcholine self-taming group). The following results were obtained: 1) In the lidocaine group, the incidence of muscle pain was lower than in the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. However the incidence of muscle pain in the d-Tubocurarine group or the succinylcholine self-taming group were lower than in the control group and there were statistically significant differences(p<0.0005). 2) In most of the patients of each group, the degree of postoperative muscle pain was mild and a difference of degree of muscle pain was not found in each group (p>0.05).3) The muscle pain usually appeared in the first day after operation and disappeared usually within three days. 4) The degree of muscle fasciculation showed a significant decrease with lidocaine, d-Tubocurarine or the succinylcholine self-taming group over the control group(p<0.0005), but there was no significant relationship between the degree of muscle fasciculation and the incidence of postoperative muscle pain(p>0.05). 5) The degree of muscle relaxation during intubation in the d-Tubocurarine group was less complete than in the other 3 groups and it was statistically significant(Zi>1.96). It is suggested from the above results that d-Tubocurarine(0.05~0.06mg/kg) prior to succinylcholine or the method of self-taming of succinylcholine(prior use of succinylcholine 0.15mg/kg) can be used as methods to prevent muscle pain after intravenous administration of succinylcholine, but lidocaine(2mg/kg) prior to succinylcholine is not effective in preventing muscle pain following succinylcholine administration.
Administration, Intravenous ; Ascorbic Acid ; Diazepam ; Fasciculation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intubation ; Lidocaine ; Methods ; Muscle Relaxation ; Myalgia* ; Procaine ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Tubocurarine

A case of Tuberous Sclerosis, 4 year-old-Korean boy was observed. He had some symptoms about Tuberous Sclerosis which were abenoma sebaceum, seizure, shagreen patch and hypopigmented macule. Diagnosis was confirmed by facial skin biopsy and adenoma sebaceum was noticed.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Seizures ; Skin ; Tuberous Sclerosis*

Bullous pemphigoid is a chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease and is generally considered not to be a sulfa-responsive dermatosis. As a rule, bullous dermatosis that excellently responded to sulfapyridine and sulfones was considered by some to be diagnostic of dermstitis herpetiformia. In 1977, Person and Rogers described 6 cases of bullous pemphigoid responded to sulfapyridine and sulfones. These sulfa-responsive cases were younger than ordinary bullous pemphigoid patients and the histopathologic findings showed prevalence of the neutrophilic infiltration. In this report, the patient who diagnosed as bullous pemphigoid by immunofluorescent studies has younger onset (38 years of age) than usual bullous pemphigoid and histopatbologic findings showed dense neutrophilic infiltrations. The patient was treated with 100-200mg of DDS for 2 months and the skin lesions completely disappeared.
Blister ; Humans ; Neutrophils ; Pemphigoid, Bullous* ; Prevalence ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Sulfapyridine ; Sulfones

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are increasing rapidly worldwide and in South Korea, which is a major problem for patient treatment and infection control. CRE is mainly due to carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamase, which spreads through genetic mobile elements. Therefore, the rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing CRE (CP-CRE) and carrier surveillance are very important for infection control. Most clinical microbiology laboratories use automated real-time PCR methods for the rapid detection of CP-CRE; in some cases, additional accurate molecular tests are necessary. For the surveillance of risk groups, the complementary use of liquid culture and real-time PCR methods is important, taking into consideration their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the expansion of surveillance targets is also necessary.
Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Korea ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

PURPOSE: Fat embolism syndrome is caused by traumatic and nontraumatic conditions, and most commonly associated with fractures of long bones of the lower extremity. Clinical manifestation of the fat embolism syndrome occurs in a minority of patients with fat emboli. The incidence of fat emboilsm has been reported 5-10%. The pulmonary symptoms of fat embolism are clinically important but hard to diagnose, so treatment was often delayed. The purpose of this study is to search for the development of fat embolism after long bone fracture of rabbit, and to demonstrate pulmonary fat embolism by high resolution computerized tomograhy (HRCT) and pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve rabbits (Newzealand, 2.5-3 Kg) were divided into 2, 24, 72 hours and control groups after closed tibiofibular fracture. The presence of involvement was classified by high resolution computerized tomography with ground glass opacity, consolidation and focal hyperlucency. The extent was measured by 10% grading scale. Gross inspection, histologic examination and histochemistry (Oil red 0) were performed in removed lungs. RESULTS: Ground glass opacity was found in 100% of test subjects, consolidation was found in 89%, bronchovascular bundle thickening was found in 78% and focal hyperlucency was found in 33%. Fat embolism was developed in all groups with the 24-hour group showing maximal changes. Microscopically the vessel was occluded with fat globule which was stained with Oil red 0 stain. CONCLUSIONS: The abnormal density lesion on HRCT was correlated with pathologic finding and was induced by fat emboli after long bone fracture of the rabbit
Embolism, Fat* ; Fractures, Bone* ; Glass ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Lung ; Pathology ; Rabbits

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are increasing rapidly worldwide and in South Korea, which is a major problem for patient treatment and infection control. CRE is mainly due to carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamase, which spreads through genetic mobile elements. Therefore, the rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing CRE (CP-CRE) and carrier surveillance are very important for infection control. Most clinical microbiology laboratories use automated real-time PCR methods for the rapid detection of CP-CRE; in some cases, additional accurate molecular tests are necessary. For the surveillance of risk groups, the complementary use of liquid culture and real-time PCR methods is important, taking into consideration their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the expansion of surveillance targets is also necessary.

No abstract available.
Cerebral Infarction* ; Korea* ; Lipoprotein(a)* ; Risk Factors*

No abstract available.
Perfusion* ; Peripheral Arterial Disease*

No abstract available.
Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland*