No abstract available.
Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Rhinitis* ; Skin Tests* ; Skin*

Percutaneous radial artery cannulation has become a common technique for continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure and serial sampling fo arterial blood in critically ill patients and hypotensive anesthesia. Although the method is generally safe and simple it frequently results in temporary radial artery occlusion, which is usually asymptomatic and resolves spontaneously. But occationally which the ulnar arterial collateral circulation is poor, occlusion of the radial artery can cause ischemia or even frank gangrene of the hand. The influence of cannula size or shape, duration of cannulation, frequency of puncture trial and patient's age on the incidence of vessel occlusion remains controversial. We evaluated radial arterial function utilizeing physical examination and Doppler flow measurement in fourty-seven patients following percutaneous cannulation. Arterial occlusion occured in 12.8% and hematoma in 31.9% of fourty-seven patients. The incidences of occlusion and hematoma were more frequent when the attempted puncture was more than three times and the duraion of cannulation was more than six hours. Hematoma disappeared spontaneously several days after and collateral circulation was good without other vascular complication in all six patients who had arteiral occlusion.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Catheterization* ; Catheters ; Collateral Circulation ; Critical Illness ; Gangrene ; Hand ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ischemia ; Physical Examination ; Punctures ; Radial Artery*

Purpose: Measuring viability of a three-dimensional in vitro organotypic human oral tissue model has been suggested as an alternative test method to the oral mucosa irritation test of oral care products. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of two different cytokines using organotypic human oral tissue model following exposure to chemicals that are commonly used in oral care products. Materials and Methods: The organotypic human oral tissues were exposed to ethanol, sodium lauryl sulphate or hydrogen peroxide for 90 minutes. Following exposure, interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-8 productions were assessed and correlated with cell viability testing as well as histology of the organotypic human oral tissues.Result: High levels of IL-8 were released from organotypic human oral tissues in all of the test and control groups without any significant differences between them. In contrast, differences were found in IL-1α release between the test and control groups. Additionally, the trend of IL-1α release corresponded to the phenotypes observed in histological analysis while different trend existed between IL-1α release and cell viability. Conclusion The study concluded the non-specific release of IL-8 for the assessment of oral care product chemicals’ toxicity, while potential of measuring IL-1α cytokine level as the possible alternative test method.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS: Self-etch adhesives exhibit some clinical benefits such as ease of manipulation and reduced technique-sensitivity. Nevertheless, some concern remains regarding the bonding effectiveness of self-etch adhesives to enamel, in particular when so-called 'mild'self-etch adhesives are employed. This study compared the microtensile bond strengths to ground enamel of the two-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) to the three-step etchand-rinse adhesive Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M ESPE) and the one-step self-etch adhesive iBond (Heraeus Kulzer). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a preceding phosphoric acid conditioning step on the bonding effectiveness of a two-step self-etch adhesive to ground enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The two-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond non-etch group, Clearfil SE Bond etch group with prior 35% phosphoric acid etching, and the one-step self-etch adhesive iBond group were used as experimental groups. The three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Scotchbond Multi-Purpose was used as a control group. The facial surfaces of bovine incisors were divided in four equal parts cruciformly, and randomly distributed into each group. The facial surface of each incisor was ground with 800-grit silicon carbide paper. Each adhesive group was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions to ground enamel, after which the surface was built up using Light-Core (Bisco). After storage in distilled water at 37 degreesC for 1 week, the restored teeth were sectioned into enamel beams approximately 0.8*0.8mm in cross section using a low speed precision diamond saw (TOPMET Metsaw-LS). After storage in distilled water at 37 degreesC for 1 month, 3 months, microtensile bond strength evaluations were performed using microspecimens. The microtensile bond strength (MPa) was derived by dividing the imposed force (N) at time of fracture by the bond area (mm(2)). The mode of failure at the interface was determined with a microscope (Microscope-B nocular, Nikon). The data of microtensile bond strength were statistically analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, followed by Least Significant Difference Post Hoc Test at a significance level of 5%. Results: The mean microtensile bond strength after 1 month of storage showed no statistically significant difference between all adhesive groups (P>0.05). After 3 months of storage, adhesion to ground enamel of iBond was not significantly different from Clearfil SE Bond etch (P>0.05), while Clearfil SE Bond non-etch and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose demonstrated significantly lower bond strengths (P<0.05), with no significant differences between the two adhesives. CONCLUSION: In this study the microtensile bond strength to ground enamel of two-step selfetch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond was not significantly different from three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, and prior etching with 35% phosphoric acid significantly increased the bonding effectiveness of Clearfil SE Bond to enamel at 3 months.
Adhesives ; Carbon Compounds, Inorganic ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Diamond ; Incisor ; Phosphoric Acids ; Resin Cements ; Silicon Compounds ; Tooth ; Water

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate an appropriate degree of prestretch for orthodontic synthetic elastomeric chains focusing on time-dependent viscoelastic properties. METHODS: Orthodontic synthetic elastomeric chains of two brands were prestretched to 50, 100, 150, and 200% of the original length in one and three cycles, and the hysteresis areas of the obtained stress-strain curves were determined. Acrylic plates were employed to maintain constant strain during the experiment. A total of 180 samples were classified into nine groups according to brand, and their stresses and permanent deformations were measured immediately after prestretch (0 hour), after 1 hour and 24 hours, and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks. The relationship between stress relaxation and permanent deformation was investigated for various degrees of prestretch, and the estimated stress resulting from tooth movement was calculated. RESULTS: The degree of prestretch and the stress relaxation ratio exhibited a strong negative correlation, whereas no correlation was found between the degree of prestretch and the average normalized permanent strain. The maximal estimated stress was observed when prestretch was performed in three cycles to 200% of the original length. CONCLUSIONS: Although prestretch benefited residual stress, it did not exhibit negative effects such as permanent deformation. The maximal estimated stress was observed at the maximal prestretch, but the difference between prestretch and control groups decreased with time. In general, higher residual stresses were observed for product B than for product A, but this difference was not clinically significant.
Elastomers* ; Relaxation* ; Tooth Movement

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of commercially available fluoride-containing oral rinses on the corrosion behavior of titanium alloys, which are the main components of orthodontic miniscrews. METHODS: Four commercially available oral rinses (solution A, pH 4.46/260 ppm fluoride; solution B, pH 4.41/178 ppm fluoride; solution C, pH 6.30/117 ppm fluoride; and solution D, pH 4.17/3.92 ppm fluoride) were tested on titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) circular plates, and saline was used as the control. The open-circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization of these materials were measured. Thereafter, all samples were evaluated under a field-emission scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Among the tested oral rinses, except solution D, the more the fluoride content was, the greater was the corrosion potential downtrend; the corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy sample was also lowered significantly (p < 0.05). Field-emission scanning electron microscopic analysis of the surface morphology of the titanium alloy samples revealed that all samples had some defects, crevices, or pitting after exposure to the oral rinses than before treatment. In particular, the samples in solution A showed the most changes. CONCLUSIONS: Commercially available oral rinses having a high fluoride concentration and a low pH may reduce the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys used in dental appliances such as orthodontic titanium miniscrews and brackets.
Alloys* ; Corrosion* ; Fluorides ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Titanium*

This study investigated reduction of the bandgap of silica by applying nano-silver doping technique and possible application of such silica as a filler in dental resin. Due to reduce band gap, newly fabricated nano-silver doped silica was able to release ROS in accordance with exposure of visible light. Nano-silver doped silica was composed of below 20 nm size crystal silver nanoparticle and 100~500 nm size amorphous silica. These two components were chemically attached to each other (Si-O-Ag). The reduced bandgap was 2.10 eV, which the value could be interpreted as occurrence of surface plasmon resonance generating ROS in visible light exposure conditions. When such nano-silver doped silica was used as a filler in dental resin, increased antibacterial property of nano-silver ion was observed which was related to releasing of ROS when exposed in visible light. The antibacterial properties were statistically significant following exposure to visible light when 0.7 to 1.5 wt% of nano-silver doped silica were incorporated into resin. When the contents of nano-silver doped silica were below 0.7 wt%, minimal ROS release resulted in no significant increase in antibacterial properties as there would be less exposed nano-silver doped silica on the resin surface by visible light. Meanwhile, more than 1.5 wt% of nano-silver doped silica also resulted no significant increase in antibacterial properties following exposure to visible light as the antibacterial effects from nano-silver ion itself were greater than effects from released ROS. Hence, it was concluded that dental resin containing 0.7 to 1.5 wt% of nano-silver doped silica would provide antibacterial properties when exposed to visible light, significantly greater than in dark conditions.

The study aims to analyze the compressive strength, pH, and surface properties of mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA), which can be used as a pulp capping and root canal filling material. The tests were performed after immersing premixed types of MTA for seven days into three different solutions: simulated body fluid (SBF), saline, and distilled water (DW). A universal testing machine was used to measure the compressive strength after one and seven days of immersion. The un-immersed MTA was used as the control. To investigate the pH variation, MTA specimens were immersed in each solution and the pH was measured using a pH meter after 3, 6, 12, 24, 72, and 168 h. Changes on the MTA surface were also observed by SEM-EDS after seven days of immersion. Moreover, statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc test, and independent sample t-test. All experimental groups showed significantly higher compressive strengths compared to the control group (p<0.05). In addition, as the immersion time increased, the compressive strength gradually and significantly increased among all the groups. On the other hand, the difference was insignificant among solutions with the same immersion time (p>0.05). As the immersion time increased, the pH increased among all the groups, and the pH of samples immersed in saline and DW was significantly higher than that in SBF. The MTA surface immersed in each solution for seven days showed precipitates which mainly composed of Ca and Zr ions. Therefore, the type of contact solution does not significantly affect the compressive strength of MTA, but it significantly influences both the pH and surface condition

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of silane on the surface treatment of silica-based ceramic when silane is incorporated into the universal adhesive versus using silane separately from the adhesive. The materials used in this study are as follows: 1) All-Bond Universal, 2) Silane mixed with All-Bond Universal, 3) Porcelain primer (as a regular silane primer), and 4) Scoth Bond Universal (which is a commercial silane-containing universal adhesive). IPS e-Max press, a lithium disilicate, was used as the silica-based ceramic. Contact angle test was measured to evaluate hydrophobicity on a silica-based ceramic surface. Shear bond strength was tested by universal testing machine. The surfaces of the specimen were polished in order to eliminate any bias from micro mechanical retention due to an uneven surface. The results indicated that only silane applied to the silica based ceramic surface resulted in highest contact angle and shear bond strength. Using silane separately and using silane incorporated into the universal adhesive (contains hydrophobic resin) resulted in different performance on silica-based ceramic. Therefore, it was concluded that the silane should be used separately from a hydrophobic resin monomer in order to maximize its porcelain surface treatment function.