No abstract available.
Drainage* ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Toes*

Proper management of childhood and adolescent varicocele remains still controversial. In general, all methods for varicocele ablation for adults are available and include open surgical ligation, laparoscopic ligation, or percutaneous ablation. We evaluated the usefulness of percutaneous embolization of internal spermatic vein in boys with varicocele. Between February 1988 to May 1996, 48 boys of 53 varicoceles underwent percut aneous embolization. In 49 cases, the embolization were technically possible and in the other 4 cases, we could not access the internal spermatic vein because of vasospasm and venous abnormality. The results were successful in 40 cases (81.6%) and failed in 9 cases (18.4%), including 4 (8.2%) of persistent and 5 (10.2%) of recurred cases. There were no major complications except 3 cases of extravasation of contrast material. Percutaneous embolization may be recommended as a primary treatment for childhood and adolescent varicocele.
Adolescent* ; Adult ; Humans ; Ligation ; Varicocele* ; Veins*

Two cases of renal infarctions were presented with review of literature.
Infarction*

To repair bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial field, bone grafts including autografts, allografts, and artificial bone are used in clinical dentistry despite several disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate new bone formation and healing in rat calvarial bone defects using hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10[PO4]6[OH]2, Bongros(R), Bio@ Co., KOREA) and tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP, Ca3[PO4]2, Sigma-Aldrich Co., USA) mixed at various ratios. Additionally, this study evaluated the effects of type I collagen (Rat tail, BD Biosciences Co., Sweden) as a basement membrane organic matrix. A total of twenty, 8-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300g, were divided equally into a control group (n=2) and nine experimental groups (n=2, each). Bilateral, standardized transosseous circular calvarial defects, 5.0 mm in diameter, were created. In each experimental group, the defect was filled with HA and TCP at a ratio of 100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, and 0:100 with or without type I collagen. Rats were sacrificed 4 and 8 weeks post-operation for radiographic (standardized plain film, Kodak Co., USA), histomorphologic (H&E [Hematoxylin and Eosin], MT [Masson Trichrome]), immunohistochemical staining (for BMP-2, -4, VEGF, and vWF), and elementary analysis (Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 100(R)). As the HA proportion increased, denser radiopacity was seen in most groups at 4 and 8 weeks. In general radiopacity in type I collagen groups was greater than the non-collagen groups, especially in the 100% HA group at 8 weeks. No new bone formation was seen in calvarial defects in any group at 4 weeks. Bridging bone formation from the defect margin was marked at 8 weeks in most type I collagen groups. Although immunohistochemical findings with BMP-2, -4, and VEGF were not significantly different, marked vWF immunoreactivity was present. vWF staining was especially strong in endothelial cells in newly formed bone margins in the 100:0, 80:20, and 70:30 ratio type I collagen groups at 8 weeks. The calcium compositions from the elementary analysis were not statistically significant. Many types of artificial bone have been used as bone graft materials, but most of them can only be applied as an inorganic material. This study confirmed improved bony regeneration by adding organic type I collagen to inorganic HA and TCP mixtures. Therefore, these new artificial bone graft materials, which are under strict storage and distribution systems, will be suggested to be available to clinical dentistry demands.
Absorption ; Animals ; Basement Membrane ; Calcium ; Calcium Phosphates ; Collagen Type I ; Dentistry ; Durapatite ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Tail ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Transplants ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

during bone harvesting from the chin.
Anatomic Variation* ; Chin*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Because the efficacy of standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication has declined, new regimens such as sequential therapy (ST) and concomitant therapy (CoCTx) have been introduced. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 10-day ST and 10-day CoCTx for H. pylori eradication. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 316 patients with proven H. pylori infection. They were assigned to one of 2 regimens; ST (n=191) consisted of, lansoprazole 30 mg and amoxicillin 1 g for 5 days followed by lansoprazole 30 mg, metronidazole 500 mg, and clarithromycin 500 mg for 5 days, and CoCTx (n=125) consisted of lansoprazole 30 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, metronidazole 500 mg, and clarithromycin 500 mg for 10 days. All drugs were administered twice a day. Bacterial eradication was checked by using a 13C-urea breath test at least 4 weeks after completion of treatment. RESULTS: The mean age and male to female ratio was 51.74 and 1.03, respectively. Baseline characteristics were not different in both groups. Ten day CoCTx group (94.4%, 118/125) showed better eradication rate than ST group (82.2%, 157/191) (p=0.002). Drug compliances were not statistically different between the two groups (p=0.19). Side effects were more frequently reported in the CoCTx group than in the ST group (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Ten-day CoCTx was superior to ST in terms of eradicating H. pylori infection. Although the CoCTx producing more side effects than ST, CoCTx can be thought to be a promising alternative to ST as a treatment regimen for H. pylori eradication.
Adult ; Aged ; Amoxicillin/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use ; Breath Tests ; Clarithromycin/therapeutic use ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Lansoprazole/therapeutic use ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Metronidazole/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Amezinium methylsulfate(Risumic) is the useful drug in the treatment of essential hypotension. This drug elevate blood pressure by stimulating sympathetic nervous system and improve symptoms related hypotension. This study was designed to evaluate efficacy and safety of Risumic for patients with essential hypotension. METHODS: This study was performed in patients with systolic blood pressure less than 100mmHg from June, 1999 to December, 1999. Risumic blood pressure response, improvement of symptom and side effect were examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. RESULTS: Total of 54 patients participated in this study and only 55.6% of them were finished and the rest of them(44.4%) was stopped. 6 patients of this patients were stopped because of side effects. But there was no difference in side effects in Risumic and placebo periods. In diastolic BP, Risumic group is 5mmHg higher than placebo group. And then there was significant difference in statistics. CONCLUSIONS: In essential hypotensive patients, Risumic is elevater DBP than SBP, side effects frequency was no significance difference in Risumic and placebo group.
Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Sympathetic Nervous System

OBJECTIVES: Developments in endoscopic technique and equipments have improved duct clearance rate in patients with extrahepatic bile duct(EHBD) stone. In this study, we reviewed our experience in extracting EHBD stones with standard and more advanced technique and equipments such as mechanical lithotripsy and extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Aims of this study were to determine the overall success rate of endoscopic ex tracting for EHBD stone, to identify risk factors for failed duct clearance at initial and final therapeutic ERCP. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 214 consec utive patients who underwent Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) for EHBD stone over 45 months period. Factors evaluated for failed duct clearance included stone size, stone number, stone shape, concomitant stone of gallbladder and intrahepatic duct, presence of distal bile duct stricture, periampullary diverticula(PAD), Billroth-II gastrojejunostomy, and sepsis at admission. RESULTS: The overall success rate of endoscopic treatment for EHBD stone was 93.5% (200/214). The causes of failed duct clearance were failed endoscopic sphincterotomy in 5/214 (2.3%), technical failure of extracting stone in 5/214(2.3%), and aggravation of acute cholecystitis between therapeutic endoscopic sessions in 4/214(1.9%). Risk factors for failed duct clearance with endoscopic extraction of EHBD stone were size and shape of the stone, concomitant stone of gallbladder and intra hepatic duct, and stricture of distal common bile duct. The duct clearance rate with initial therapeutic ERCP was 56.5%(121/200). Risk factors for failed duct clearance with initial therapeutic ERCP were size, shape and number of stone, and sepsis at admission. The com plications of endoscopic treatment for EHBD stone were major bleeding in 5/200 (2.5%), pancreatitis in 18/200 (9.0%), but there was no perforation. CONCLUSION: Eventhough risk for failure of endo scopic treatment for EHBD stone were giant or piston shaped stone, concomitant stone of gallbladder and intra hepatic duct, and stricture of distal common bile duct, we conclude that endoscopic treatment for EHBD stone is safe and effective treatment modality, and choice of treatment.
Bile ; Bile Ducts ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; Common Bile Duct ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Gallbladder ; Gastric Bypass ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Pancreatitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; Shock ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic